Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Columbia River estuary

Detailed Description

Photograph showing view of lower Columbia River estuary, approximately 55 kilometers from the mouth, looking down-estuary with Welch Island in the foreground; the ocean entrance in the background.

Sources/Usage

Public Domain.

Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification—Concept and Application, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1228
Prepared in cooperation with the University of Washington and the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership
Citation: Simenstad, C.A., Burke, J.L., O'Connor, J.E., Cannon, C., Heatwole, D.W., Ramirez, M.F., Waite, I.R., Counihan, T.D., and Jones, K.L., 2011, Columbia River Estuary ecosystem classification—Concept and application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1228, i-54 p., doi: 10.3133/ofr20111228.