“Pixel instruments” on photo of beach in Santa Cruz, California

Frame from video of Cowells Beach in Santa Cruz, California, showing “pixel instruments” measured continuously during the video and used to estimate different coastal processes. The blue dots represent an array of pixels used by a computer program called cBathy to estimate seafloor depths (bathymetry). The red, orange, and yellow lines are cross-shore arrays of pixels used for measuring wave runup, or how high the water reached up the beach during the video.