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Schematic geologic cross section of Southern Oʻahu

By Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Complex illustration looking at an extinct volcanic island, the ocean water around it, and how water moves through the ground.
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Detailed Description

Schematic geologic cross section of Southern Oʻahu showing groundwater–seawater interaction in the vicinity of Honolulu, HI (modified from Frans et al., 2012).

Sources/Usage

Public Domain.

Mercury dynamics in a coastal aquifer: Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Volume 140, 1 March 2014, Pages 52-65 (Ganguli et al.)

USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5123
Groundwater quality in the Columbia Plateau, Snake River Plain, and Oahu basaltic-rock and basin-fill aquifers in the Northwestern United States and Hawaii, 1992-2010 (Frans et al.)