EarthWords is an on-going series in which we shed some light on the complicated, often difficult-to-pronounce language of science. Think of us as your terminology tour-guides, and meet us back here every week for a new word!

Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details

The EarthWord: Vog

Definition:

• Vog refers to the visible haze comprised of gas, tiny particles and acidic droplets created when sulfur dioxide and other gases emitted from a volcano chemically interact with sunlight and atmospheric oxygen, moisture, and dust.

Etymology:

• Get ready, because this word’s pretty recursive. Vog is a contraction of volcanic smog, while smog is itself a pormanteau of smoke and fog.

• Smoke likely comes from the Proto-Germanic smuk, which referred to the fumes given off from something burning.

• Meanwhile fog comes from Scandinavian words for “snowstorm,” like the Danish fog and Norwegian fjuk.

Use/Significance in the Earth Science Community:

• Vog is one of the side-effects of volcanic activity that can have a negative effect on humans and other wildlife. While not as immediate a threat as pyroclastic flow or lava, it can still lead to health effects, like aggravating existing respiratory conditions.

• Physical complaints associated with vog exposure include headaches, breathing difficulties, increased susceptibility to respiratory ailments, watery eyes, sore throat, flu-like symptoms, and a general lack of energy.

• Tiny droplets of sulfuric acid in vog creates acid rain, which can leach lead from roofing and plumbing materials, such as nails, paint, solder, and metal flashings. Leached lead poses a health hazard when it contaminates drinking water in rooftop rainwater-catchment systems.

• Finally, vog can make it difficult to see while driving, piloting an airplane, or navigating a ship.

USGS Use:

• USGS scientists, along with health professionals and local government officials are working together to better understand volcanic air pollution and to enhance public awareness of this hazard.

Next EarthWord: This EarthWord isn’t a new dance-move; it’s been around since we’ve had tectonic plates...

Hungry for some science, but you don’t have time for a full-course research plate? Then check out USGS Science Snippets, our snack-sized science series that focuses on the fun, weird, and fascinating stories of USGS science.