Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock () or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
For months, USGS monitoring had shown that Mauna Loa was inching close to an eruption. Just before midnight on Sunday, November 27, 2022, the wait was over.
As we commemorate the one-year anniversary of Mauna Loa's 2022 eruption on November 27, let's look back at the dynamic events that unfolded over those twelve harrowing days.
Last year’s Hawaiian eruption, which was preceded by months of earthquakes and ground deformation, captured the attention of both scientists and people the world over.
The spectacle began just before midnight that Sunday evening, as lava emerged from Mokuʻāweoweo, the summit caldera atop Mauna Loa volcano. The eruption triggered a swift response from scientists at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, who worked closely with officials from the County of Hawaiʻi Civil Defense Agency, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. Initial concerns focused on notifying Island of Hawaiʻi residents, particularly those living on Mauna Loa’s southwestern slopes, that their community could be impacted. Photos and videos of lava flows swirling online further heightened tensions that the new eruption could be dangerous to those living nearby.
By early on the morning of November 28, it started to become apparent that the lava flows were not an immediate threat because all the new fissures from the eruption began opening on the remote northeast flank of the mountain. Although they were visible from Kona, these lava flows were miles from any community.
Over the next few days, the eruption's intensity held the public's fascination, with a constant litany of pictures of lava flows circulating on social media and videos livestreaming on YouTube. The volcanic activity, while awe-inspiring, eventually crept close enough to pose a risk to a critical road, the Daniel K. Inouye Highway, which connects the city of Hilo with the western side of the Big Island. Thankfully, on December 8, the main lava flow stalled about 1.7 miles from the highway, averting a potential island-wide crisis.
The brief but intense weeks of late 2022 served as a reminder of the inevitability of a future Mauna Loa eruption and underscored the importance of USGS volcano monitoring. Real-time monitoring serves as an essential tool for notifying communities of potential risks and keeping a natural hazard from becoming a natural disaster.
For more on Mauna Loa’s eruptive history, please explore the video below.
The eruption on the Northeast Rift Zone of Mauna Loa continues. This video shows the dominant fissure 3 remains active and is supplying lava to the flow advancing north. Taken on November 30, 2022.
The eruption on the Northeast Rift Zone of Mauna Loa continues. This video shows the dominant fissure 3 remains active and is supplying lava to the flow advancing north. Taken on November 30, 2022.
This video, taken during an early morning overflight on 30 November 2022, shows fissure 3, the dominant source of activity. The lava fountains are 20-25 meters in height (65-82 feet) and are feeding a lava flow that is moving to the northeast at ~130 meters per hour (0.08 miles per hour).
This video, taken during an early morning overflight on 30 November 2022, shows fissure 3, the dominant source of activity. The lava fountains are 20-25 meters in height (65-82 feet) and are feeding a lava flow that is moving to the northeast at ~130 meters per hour (0.08 miles per hour).
This video was taken by HVO field crews on the morning of November 29, 2022, and shows lava fountaining from a fissure vent high on Mauna Loa's northeast rift zone. Fissure heights of 20-25 meters (65-82 feet) were recorded at the time of the video.
This video was taken by HVO field crews on the morning of November 29, 2022, and shows lava fountaining from a fissure vent high on Mauna Loa's northeast rift zone. Fissure heights of 20-25 meters (65-82 feet) were recorded at the time of the video.
The eruption on the Northeast Rift Zone of Mauna Loa continues. This video shows the dominant fissure 3 remains active and is supplying lava to the flow advancing north. Taken on November 30, 2022.
The eruption on the Northeast Rift Zone of Mauna Loa continues. This video shows the dominant fissure 3 remains active and is supplying lava to the flow advancing north. Taken on November 30, 2022.
This video, taken during an early morning overflight on 30 November 2022, shows fissure 3, the dominant source of activity. The lava fountains are 20-25 meters in height (65-82 feet) and are feeding a lava flow that is moving to the northeast at ~130 meters per hour (0.08 miles per hour).
This video, taken during an early morning overflight on 30 November 2022, shows fissure 3, the dominant source of activity. The lava fountains are 20-25 meters in height (65-82 feet) and are feeding a lava flow that is moving to the northeast at ~130 meters per hour (0.08 miles per hour).
This video was taken by HVO field crews on the morning of November 29, 2022, and shows lava fountaining from a fissure vent high on Mauna Loa's northeast rift zone. Fissure heights of 20-25 meters (65-82 feet) were recorded at the time of the video.
This video was taken by HVO field crews on the morning of November 29, 2022, and shows lava fountaining from a fissure vent high on Mauna Loa's northeast rift zone. Fissure heights of 20-25 meters (65-82 feet) were recorded at the time of the video.