Images

Group of BKMG training participants with Dr. Tim Ahern (IRIS), looking at training material on a screen. 

Dr, Walter Mooney with three Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) training participants in Palu, Sulawesi. 

Photo of participants working on training material on laptops.

The USGS training at the Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) includes hands-on activities. The BMKG staff are highly capable and have received an excellent educational background at the BMKG College or National University.

This image of the Los Angeles region combines this information to predict the total amplification expected in future earthquakes from local geologic conditions or site effects.

A diagram showing a slice of the Earth's lithosphere, including continental crust, oceanic crust, asthenosphere, and the upper mantle.

An illustration showing two stick figures doing basement excavations, one with a frown that excavated into the labelled hard, stable bedrock on the left and the other with a smile that excavated above the labelled bedrock surface.  

A diagram of a blind thrust fault resulting in ductile rock layers folding over the fault and leaving the fault under the surface.

A diagram showing three stress types: tensional stress, compressional stress, and shear stress. 

Cross-section of the Earth with lithosphere, mantle, and the core divided into the metallic liquid core and the solid inner core.

En echelon shears crossing street, Hayward Hayward, California. The street shows en echelon shears crossing Foothill Boulevard in San Leandro, just to the north of Hayward. Here the shear zone is quite narrow.

Diagram showing the epicenter and hypocenter. 

The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins.

Fault plane diagram. (Image courtesy of Kian H. Chong, Univ. of California, Davis)

Diagram of frequency. The frequency is the number of times something happens in a certain period of time, such as the ground shaking up and down or back and forth during an earthquake.

Geodesy is the science of determining the size and shape of the earth and the precise location of points on its surface.

Map showing intensity for the New Madrid earthquake. (Image courtesy of the Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium)

A magnetic polarity reversal is a change of the earth's magnetic field to the opposite polarity. This has occurred at irregular intervals during geologic time. Polarity reversals can be preserved in sequences of magnetized rocks and compared with standard polarity-change time scales to estimate geologic ages of the rocks.

Person sitting and overlooking valley of snow-topped mountains with clouds in between mountains 

A stress vs time graph showing fault strength and an offset across fault vs time graph 

Seiche in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

A seiche is the sloshing of a closed body of water from earthquake shaking. Swimming pools often have seiches during earthquakes.

The shadow zone is the area of the earth from angular distances of 104 to 140 degrees from a given earthquake that does not receive any direct P waves. The shadow zone results from S waves being stopped entirely by the liquid core and P waves being bent (refracted) by the liquid core.

Soil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey, showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic (manganese and/or iron?) oxides.