Changing water dynamics: The consequences of shifting snow, ice, and running water for ecosystems, people, and national forests in Alaska

Ecosystems of Alaska are rain-, snow-, and ice-driven systems. Consequently, the status of water—liquid or solid—strongly in uences resources and the people using ecosystem services. This document examines changes in water dynamics, the resulting consequences for ecosystems and people, and management options for adapting to changing conditions.
Changes in snow, ice, and water ripple through ecosystems, social systems, and culture. State-wide patterns provide context to understand changing water dynamics in southcentral and southeastern Alaska associated with lands managed by the National Forest System.