Craig A Johnson, Ph.D.
Craig Johnson is a Research Geologist with the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center.
Craig attended Dartmouth (AB), Michigan (MS), and Yale (PhD). He held a NASA postdoc and a staff position at the American Museum of Natural History in New York prior to joining the USGS in 1992. Craig is responsible for a stable isotope laboratory in which isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are measured in rocks, waters, gases, and biological materials. Craig studies ore genesis, environmental impacts of mining, the source and fate of solutes in natural waters and crustal fluids, the isotopic record of marine sulfate, and isotopic records of paleoenvironments.
Science and Products
Determination of δ13C, δ15N, or δ34S by isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry using an elemental analyzer
Intermediate sulfidation type base metal mineralization at Aliabad-Khanchy, Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic belt, NW Iran
Barite (Barium)
Transgressive-regressive cycles in the metalliferous, oil-shale-bearing Heath Formation (Upper Mississippian), central Montana
Review: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin by Leisl Carr Childers
Origin and evolution of mineralizing fluids and exploration of the Cerro Quema Au-Cu deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama) from a fluid inclusion and stable isotope perspective
Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region
The F'derik-Zouerate iron district: Mesoarchean and Paleoproterozoic iron formation of the Tiris Complex, Islamic Republic of Mauritania
A salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study
Depositional conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-PB-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, inferred from isotopic and chemical proxies
The fate of cyanide in leach wastes at gold mines: an environmental perspective
Carbonate margin, slope, and basin facies of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) in northern Alaska
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
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Filter Total Items: 90
Determination of δ13C, δ15N, or δ34S by isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry using an elemental analyzer
This report describes procedures used in the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, to determine the stable-isotope ratios 13C/12C, 15N/14N, and 34S/32S in solid materials. The procedures use elemental analyzers connected directly to gas-source isotope-ratio mass spectrometers. A different elemental–analyzer–mass-spectrometer systemAuthorsCraig A. Johnson, Craig A. Stricker, Cayce A. Gulbransen, Matthew P. EmmonsIntermediate sulfidation type base metal mineralization at Aliabad-Khanchy, Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic belt, NW Iran
The Aliabad-Khanchy epithermal base metal deposit is located in the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic belt (THMB) of northwest Iran. The mineralization occurs as Cu-bearing brecciated quartz veins hosted by Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Karaj Formation. Ore formation can be divided into five stages, with most ore minerals, such as pyrite and chalcopyrite being formed in the early stageAuthorsHossein Kouhestani, Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari, Zhaoshan Chang, Craig A. JohnsonBarite (Barium)
Barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) is vital to the oil and gas industry because it is a key constituent of the mud used to drill oil and gas wells. Elemental barium is an additive in optical glass, ceramic glazes, and other products. Within the United States, barite is produced mainly from mines in Nevada. Imports in 2011 (the latest year for which complete data were available) accounted for 78 percenAuthorsCraig A. Johnson, Nadine M. Piatak, M. Michael MillerTransgressive-regressive cycles in the metalliferous, oil-shale-bearing Heath Formation (Upper Mississippian), central Montana
The Upper Mississippian Heath Formation, which accumulated in the Big Snowy Trough of central Montana, has been known for three decades to contain mudrocks highly enriched in Zn, V, Mo, Ni and other metals, and source rocks for oil. The unit has more recently been recognized as a prospective tight oil play. Here we present petrographic, paleontologic, geochemical, and carbon and sulfur isotope datAuthorsJulie A. Dumoulin, Craig A. Johnson, Karen D. Kelley, Palma J. Botterell, Paul C. Hackley, Clint Scott, John F. SlackReview: The size of the risk: Histories of multiple use in the Great Basin by Leisl Carr Childers
In The Size of the Risk, Leisl Carr Childers chronicles the changing ways in which public lands of the Great Basin have been managed from the latter half of the nineteenth century through the late 1970s. The main focus is the State of Nevada, which constitutes the core of the Great Basin. Rather than proceeding chronologically, the book is organized by the uses to which lands were put, including gAuthorsCraig A. JohnsonOrigin and evolution of mineralizing fluids and exploration of the Cerro Quema Au-Cu deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama) from a fluid inclusion and stable isotope perspective
Cerro Quema is a high sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit with a measured, indicated and inferred resource of 35.98 Mt. @ 0.77 g/t Au containing 893,600 oz. Au (including 183,930 oz. Au equiv. of Cu ore). It is characterized by a large hydrothermal alteration zone which is interpreted to represent the lithocap of a porphyry system. The innermost zone of the lithocap is constituted by vuggy quartzAuthorsIsaac Corral, Esteve Cardellach, Merce Corbella, Angels Canals, Albert Griera, David Gomez-Gras, Craig A. JohnsonOxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region
Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes have been analyzed in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, the largest historic producer among the known iron deposits in the southeast Missouri portion of the 1.5 to 1.3 Ga eastern granite-rhyolite province. The data were collected to investigate the sources of ore fluids, conditions of ore formation, and provenance of sulfur, and to improve the gAuthorsCraig A. Johnson, Warren C. Day, Robert O. RyeThe F'derik-Zouerate iron district: Mesoarchean and Paleoproterozoic iron formation of the Tiris Complex, Islamic Republic of Mauritania
High-grade hematitic iron ores (of HIF, containing 60-65 wt%Fe) have been mined in Mauritania since 1952 from Superior-type iron deposits of the F'derik-Zouerate district. Depletion of the high-grade ores in recent years has resulted in new exploration projects focused on lower-grade magnetite ores occurring in Algoma-type banded iron formation (of BIF, containing ca. 35 wt% Fe). Mauritania is tAuthorsCliff D. Taylor, Carol A. Finn, Eric D. Anderson, Dwight C. Bradley, Mohamed Joud, Ahmed Taleb Mohamed, John D. Horton, Craig A. JohnsonA salt diapir-related Mississippi Valley-type deposit: The Bou Jaber Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposit, Tunisia: Fluid inclusion and isotope study
The Bou Jaber Ba-F-Pb-Zn deposit is located at the edge of the Bou Jaber Triassic salt diapir in the Tunisia Salt Diapir Province. The ores are unconformity and fault-controlled and occur as subvertical column-shaped bodies developed in dissolution-collapse breccias and in cavities within the Late Aptian platform carbonate rocks, which are covered unconformably by impermeable shales and marls of tAuthorsSalah Bouhlel, David Leach, Craig A. Johnson, Erin E. Marsh, Sihem Salmi-Laouar, David A. BanksDepositional conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-PB-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, inferred from isotopic and chemical proxies
Water column redox conditions, degree of restriction of the depositional basin, and other paleoenvironmental parameters have been determined for the Mississippian Kuna Formation of northwestern Alaska from stratigraphic profiles of Mo, Fe/Al, and S isotopes in pyrite, C isotopes in organic matter, and N isotopes in bulk rock. This unit is important because it hosts the Red Dog and Anarraaq Zn-Pb-AAuthorsCraig A. Johnson, Julie A. Dumoulin, Robert A. Burruss, John F. SlackThe fate of cyanide in leach wastes at gold mines: an environmental perspective
This paper reviews the basic chemistry of cyanide, methods by which cyanide can be analyzed, and aspects of cyanide behavior that are most relevant to environmental considerations at mineral processing operations associated with gold mines. The emphasis is on research results reported since 1999 and on data gathered for a series of U.S. Geological Survey studies that began in the late 1990s. CyaniAuthorsCraig A. JohnsonCarbonate margin, slope, and basin facies of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) in northern Alaska
The Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) consists of a carbonate platform that extends for >1000 km across northern Alaska, and diverse margin, slope, and basin facies that contain world-class deposits of Zn and Ba, notable phosphorites, and petroleum source rocks. Lithologic, paleontologic, isotopic, geochemical, and seismic data gathered from outcrop and subsurface studies during the past 20 yAuthorsJulie A. Dumoulin, Craig A. Johnson, John F. Slack, Kenneth J. Bird, Michael T. Whalen, Thomas E. Moore, Anita G. Harris, Paul B. O'SullivanNon-USGS Publications**
Riciputi, L.R., McSween, H.Y., Jr., Johnson, C.A., and Prinz, M., 1994, Minor and trace element concentrations in carbonates of carbonaceous chondrites, and implications for the compositions of coexisting fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58 (4), p. 1343–1351, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90386-7.Johnson, C.A., and Prinz, M., 1993, Carbonate compositions in CM and CI chondrites, and implications for aqueous alteration: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57 (12), p. 2843–2852, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90393-B.Johnson, C.A., Cardellach, E., Tritlla, J., and Hanan, B.B., 1993, Origin of the Cierco Pb-Zn vein system (central Pyrenees, Spain): evidence from stable isotopes, Sr isotopes and fluid inclusions, in Fenoll Hach-Ali, P., Torrez-Ruiz, J., and Gervilla, F., eds., Current research in geology applied to ore deposits. Proceedings of the 2nd SGA Biennial Meeting, Granada, Spain, 9-11 September 1993, p. 135-138.Johnson, C.A., and Prinz, M., 1991, Chromite and olivine in type II chondrules in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites: implications for thermal histories and group differences: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55 (3), p. 893–904, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90349-A.Johnson, C.A., Rye, D.M., and Skinner, B.J., 1990, Unusual oxygen isotopic compositions in and around the Sterling Hill and Franklin Furnace ore deposits, in Proceedings for conference on character and origin of the Franklin and Sterling Hill orebodies: Bethlehem, PA, Lehigh University, p. 63–76.Johnson, C.A., Rye, D.M., and Skinner, B.J., 1990, Petrology and stable isotope geochemistry of the metamorphosed zinc-iron-manganese deposit at Sterling Hill, New Jersey: Economic Geology, 85 (6), p. 1133–1161, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.6.1133.Johnson, C.A., Prinz, M., Weisberg, M.K., Clayton, R.N., and Mayeda, T.K., 1990, Dark inclusions in Allende, Leoville and Vigarano: evidence for nebular oxidation of CV3 constituents: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54 (3), p.819–830, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90376-V.Skinner, B.J. and Johnson, C.A., 1987, Evidence for movement of ore materials during high grade metamorphism: Ore Geology Reviews, 2 (1-3), p. 191–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(87)90028-X.Johnson, C.A., Bohlen, S.R., and Essene, E.J., 1983, An evaluation of garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometry in granulites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 84 (2-3), p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371285.Johnson, C.A., and Essene, E. J., 1982, The formation of garnet in olivine-bearing metagabbros in the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 81 (3), p. 240-251, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371301.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
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