Russell F Dubiel (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Geologic Radon Potential Map of the United States Geologic Radon Potential Map of the United States
Radon is an odorless and invisible radioactive gas that is naturally released from rocks, soil, and water. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Surgeon General, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Recent epidemiological studies have also identified linkages between radon exposure and cerebrovascular diseases including...
Pseudogymnoascus destructans detections by US county (2008-2012) Pseudogymnoascus destructans detections by US county (2008-2012)
This data represents the number of positive and negative Pd (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) detections by county over the sampling period 2008-2012. Pd is the fungus that is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome.
Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah
Field and laboratory investigations of the Fiddler Butte WSA (Wilderness Study Area) in Garfield County, Utah, and of the Fremont Gorge study area in Wayne County, Utah, were made to determine the mineral resource potential of these lands. The investigations indicate that two areas in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the Fiddler Butte WSA have a moderate potential for uranium...
Filter Total Items: 56
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2024 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2024
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 28 million barrels of oil and 35.8 trillion cubic feet of gas in conventional and continuous accumulations within the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Lauri Burke, Stanley Paxton, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Russell F. Dubiel, Janet K. Pitman, Christopher Schenk, Tracey J. Mercier, Phuong A. Le, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller
Geologic models underpinning the 2018 US Geological Survey assessment of hydrocarbon resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata, United States Gulf Coast, Texas Geologic models underpinning the 2018 US Geological Survey assessment of hydrocarbon resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata, United States Gulf Coast, Texas
The availability of new geologic and production data has greatly increased since 2010, when the US Geological Survey (USGS) last assessed undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Cenomanian–Turonian (CT) Eagle Ford Group (EFG) across Texas. This new information facilitated an updated assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford...
Authors
Katherine Whidden, Janet K. Pitman, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, Ofori Pearson, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Scott Kinney, Justin Birdwell, Stanley Paxton, Lauri Burke, Russell F. Dubiel
U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
IntroductionIn 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an updated assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast Province (Paxton and others, 2017). The Bossier Formation was assessed using both the standard continuous (unconventional) and conventional methodologies established by...
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
IntroductionIn 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an updated assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast Province (Paxton and others, 2017). The Haynesville Formation was assessed using both the standard continuous (unconventional) and conventional methodologies...
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S. Gulf Coast, Texas, 2018 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S. Gulf Coast, Texas, 2018
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 8.5 billion barrels of oil and 66 trillion cubic feet of gas in continuous accumulations in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata in onshore lands of the U.S. Gulf Coast region, Texas.
Authors
Katherine Whidden, Janet Pitman, Ofori Pearson, Stanley Paxton, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Christopher Schenk, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Justin Birdwell, Michael Brownfield, Lauri Burke, Russell Dubiel, Katherine French, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Seth Haines, Phuong A. Le, Kristen Marra, Tracey Mercier, Marilyn E. Tennyson, Cheryl Woodall
Correlation of the Eagle Ford Group, Woodbine Group, and equivalent Cenomanian-Turonian Mudstones using regional wireline-log cross sections across the Texas Gulf Coast, U.S.A. Correlation of the Eagle Ford Group, Woodbine Group, and equivalent Cenomanian-Turonian Mudstones using regional wireline-log cross sections across the Texas Gulf Coast, U.S.A.
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s 2018 hydrocarbon assessment of the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian-Turonian strata, a series of regional wireline-log cross sections were constructed to examine geologic characteristics of this stratigraphic interval across the Texas Gulf Coast from Mexico to Louisiana. The cross sections were used to help define six continuous...
Authors
Nicholas Gianoutsos, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, William Rouse
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 1.1 billion barrels of conventional oil and 195.8 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation in onshore lands and State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 2.9 billion barrels of conventional oil and 108.6 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation in onshore lands and State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong A. Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assessing the undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in onshore areas and State waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region. The assessment is based on geologic elements of a total petroleum system. Four assessment units (AUs) are defined based on characterization of...
Authors
Jennifer Eoff, Russell Dubiel, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden
Unconventional energy resources: 2015 review. Shale gas and liquids Unconventional energy resources: 2015 review. Shale gas and liquids
Introduction As the source rocks from which petroleum is generated, organic-rich shales have always been considered an important component of petroleum systems. Over the last few years, it has been realized that in some mudrocks, sufficient hydrocarbons remain in place to allow for commercial development, although advanced drilling and completion technology is typically required to...
Authors
Neil Fishman, Kent Bowker, Harris Cander, Brian Cardott, Marc Charette, Kenneth Chew, Thomas Chidsey, Russell Dubiel, Sven Egenhoff, Catherine Enomoto, Ursula Hammes, William Harrison, Shu Jiang, Julie LeFever, Jock McCracken, Stephen Nordeng, Richard Nyahay, Stephen Sonnenberg, Michael Vanden Berg
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2015 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2015
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered mean volumes of 14 million barrels of conventional oil, 430 billion cubic feet of conventional gas, 34,028 billion cubic feet of continuous gas, and a mean total of 391 million barrels of natural gas liquids in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in...
Authors
Jennifer Eoff, Laura Biewick, Michael Brownfield, Lauri Burke, Ronald R. Charpentier, Russell Dubiel, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Scott Kinney, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi M. Leathers, Tracey Mercier, Stanley Paxton, Ofori Pearson, Janet Pitman, Christopher Schenk, Marilyn E. Tennyson, Katherine Whidden
Geopressure gradient maps of Southern Louisiana, state, and vicinity Geopressure gradient maps of Southern Louisiana, state, and vicinity
This series of five maps characterizes the subsurface pressure system of southern Louisiana, including the associated State and Federal waters. These maps were generated using the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) comprehensive geopressure-gradient model (Burke et al., 2012b, 2013) that delineates the regional pressure system spanning the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA...
Authors
Lauri Burke, Scott Kinney, Russell Dubiel, Janet Pitman
Science and Products
Geologic Radon Potential Map of the United States Geologic Radon Potential Map of the United States
Radon is an odorless and invisible radioactive gas that is naturally released from rocks, soil, and water. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Surgeon General, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Recent epidemiological studies have also identified linkages between radon exposure and cerebrovascular diseases including...
Pseudogymnoascus destructans detections by US county (2008-2012) Pseudogymnoascus destructans detections by US county (2008-2012)
This data represents the number of positive and negative Pd (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) detections by county over the sampling period 2008-2012. Pd is the fungus that is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome.
Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah Mineral resource potential maps of the Fiddler Butte Wilderness Study Area and the Fremont Gorge Study Area, Garfield and Wayne counties, Utah
Field and laboratory investigations of the Fiddler Butte WSA (Wilderness Study Area) in Garfield County, Utah, and of the Fremont Gorge study area in Wayne County, Utah, were made to determine the mineral resource potential of these lands. The investigations indicate that two areas in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the Fiddler Butte WSA have a moderate potential for uranium...
Filter Total Items: 56
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2024 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2024
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 28 million barrels of oil and 35.8 trillion cubic feet of gas in conventional and continuous accumulations within the Lower Cretaceous Hosston and Travis Peak Formations of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Lauri Burke, Stanley Paxton, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Russell F. Dubiel, Janet K. Pitman, Christopher Schenk, Tracey J. Mercier, Phuong A. Le, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller
Geologic models underpinning the 2018 US Geological Survey assessment of hydrocarbon resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata, United States Gulf Coast, Texas Geologic models underpinning the 2018 US Geological Survey assessment of hydrocarbon resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata, United States Gulf Coast, Texas
The availability of new geologic and production data has greatly increased since 2010, when the US Geological Survey (USGS) last assessed undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Cenomanian–Turonian (CT) Eagle Ford Group (EFG) across Texas. This new information facilitated an updated assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford...
Authors
Katherine Whidden, Janet K. Pitman, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, Ofori Pearson, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Scott Kinney, Justin Birdwell, Stanley Paxton, Lauri Burke, Russell F. Dubiel
U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
IntroductionIn 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an updated assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast Province (Paxton and others, 2017). The Bossier Formation was assessed using both the standard continuous (unconventional) and conventional methodologies established by...
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 U.S. Geological Survey input-data forms for the assessment of the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
IntroductionIn 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an updated assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation of the onshore U.S. Gulf Coast Province (Paxton and others, 2017). The Haynesville Formation was assessed using both the standard continuous (unconventional) and conventional methodologies...
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S. Gulf Coast, Texas, 2018 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian Strata, U.S. Gulf Coast, Texas, 2018
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 8.5 billion barrels of oil and 66 trillion cubic feet of gas in continuous accumulations in the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian–Turonian strata in onshore lands of the U.S. Gulf Coast region, Texas.
Authors
Katherine Whidden, Janet Pitman, Ofori Pearson, Stanley Paxton, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Christopher Schenk, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Justin Birdwell, Michael Brownfield, Lauri Burke, Russell Dubiel, Katherine French, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Seth Haines, Phuong A. Le, Kristen Marra, Tracey Mercier, Marilyn E. Tennyson, Cheryl Woodall
Correlation of the Eagle Ford Group, Woodbine Group, and equivalent Cenomanian-Turonian Mudstones using regional wireline-log cross sections across the Texas Gulf Coast, U.S.A. Correlation of the Eagle Ford Group, Woodbine Group, and equivalent Cenomanian-Turonian Mudstones using regional wireline-log cross sections across the Texas Gulf Coast, U.S.A.
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s 2018 hydrocarbon assessment of the Eagle Ford Group and associated Cenomanian-Turonian strata, a series of regional wireline-log cross sections were constructed to examine geologic characteristics of this stratigraphic interval across the Texas Gulf Coast from Mexico to Louisiana. The cross sections were used to help define six continuous...
Authors
Nicholas Gianoutsos, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, William Rouse
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 1.1 billion barrels of conventional oil and 195.8 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation in onshore lands and State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Bossier Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2016
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 2.9 billion barrels of conventional oil and 108.6 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in the Upper Jurassic Bossier Formation in onshore lands and State waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast region.
Authors
Stanley Paxton, Janet Pitman, Scott Kinney, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden, Russell Dubiel, Christopher Schenk, Lauri Burke, Timothy Klett, Heidi Leathers-Miller, Tracey Mercier, Seth Haines, Brian Varela, Phuong A. Le, Thomas Finn, Stephanie Gaswirth, Sarah Hawkins, Kristen Marra, Marilyn E. Tennyson
Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region Geologic framework for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf of Mexico region
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assessing the undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in onshore areas and State waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region. The assessment is based on geologic elements of a total petroleum system. Four assessment units (AUs) are defined based on characterization of...
Authors
Jennifer Eoff, Russell Dubiel, Ofori Pearson, Katherine Whidden
Unconventional energy resources: 2015 review. Shale gas and liquids Unconventional energy resources: 2015 review. Shale gas and liquids
Introduction As the source rocks from which petroleum is generated, organic-rich shales have always been considered an important component of petroleum systems. Over the last few years, it has been realized that in some mudrocks, sufficient hydrocarbons remain in place to allow for commercial development, although advanced drilling and completion technology is typically required to...
Authors
Neil Fishman, Kent Bowker, Harris Cander, Brian Cardott, Marc Charette, Kenneth Chew, Thomas Chidsey, Russell Dubiel, Sven Egenhoff, Catherine Enomoto, Ursula Hammes, William Harrison, Shu Jiang, Julie LeFever, Jock McCracken, Stephen Nordeng, Richard Nyahay, Stephen Sonnenberg, Michael Vanden Berg
Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2015 Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in sandstone reservoirs of the Cotton Valley Group, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2015
Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered mean volumes of 14 million barrels of conventional oil, 430 billion cubic feet of conventional gas, 34,028 billion cubic feet of continuous gas, and a mean total of 391 million barrels of natural gas liquids in sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group in...
Authors
Jennifer Eoff, Laura Biewick, Michael Brownfield, Lauri Burke, Ronald R. Charpentier, Russell Dubiel, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Nicholas Gianoutsos, Scott Kinney, Timothy R. Klett, Heidi M. Leathers, Tracey Mercier, Stanley Paxton, Ofori Pearson, Janet Pitman, Christopher Schenk, Marilyn E. Tennyson, Katherine Whidden
Geopressure gradient maps of Southern Louisiana, state, and vicinity Geopressure gradient maps of Southern Louisiana, state, and vicinity
This series of five maps characterizes the subsurface pressure system of southern Louisiana, including the associated State and Federal waters. These maps were generated using the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) comprehensive geopressure-gradient model (Burke et al., 2012b, 2013) that delineates the regional pressure system spanning the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico basin, USA...
Authors
Lauri Burke, Scott Kinney, Russell Dubiel, Janet Pitman