Uri ten Brink, PhD (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Puerto Rico Natural Hazards: Earthquakes | Peligros naturales de Puerto Rico: Terremotos
USGS provides real-time earthquake data, information on historic earthquakes, resources for the most significant earthquakes, and seismicity and ground motions to support future updates to the seismic hazard models for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Our seismic research can help establish better building regulations that mitigate earthquake risks and improve public safety. The USGS...
Puerto Rico Natural Hazards: Tsunamis | Peligros naturales de Puerto Rico: Maremotos
Tsunamis are long waves formed from a sudden displacement of the sea floor due to a fault rupture, landslide, or volcanic activity. Given that Puerto Rico lies above a subduction zone in the Caribbean Sea, it is especially susceptible to large earthquakes and tsunamis. The greatest tsunami ever recorded in Puerto Rico occurred from an earthquake off the Mona Passage in 1918. The USGS Earthquake...
Seismic Reflection and Refraction Methods
Seismic reflection and refraction methods are major tools in natural hazard assessments. Useful tools were developed to aid in processing and modeling of these data.
Quantifying Morphological Processes
Quantifying Morphological Processes lays the foundation for a better assessment of landslide hazard and sediment transport for resource utilization.
Tectonic Processes
Geophysical research utilizes analytical and numerical tools to quantify tectonic processes. Basic geophysical research lays the ground for understanding of Earth processes, which affect natural hazards and resource estimation.
Significant Earthquakes on a major fault system in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles, 1500–2010: Implications for Seismic Hazard
Earthquakes have been documented in the northeastern Caribbean since the arrival of Columbus to the Americas; written accounts of these felt earthquakes exist in various parts of the world. To better understand the earthquake cycle in the Caribbean, the records of earthquakes in earlier catalogs and historical documents from various archives, which are now available online, were critically...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Models
The Puerto Rico trench exhibits great water depth, extremely low gravity anomaly, and a tilted carbonate platform between (reconstructed) elevations of +1300 m and -4000 m. we suggest that these features are manifestations of large vertical movements of a segment of the Puerto Rico Trench, its forearc, and the island of Puerto Rico that took place 3.3 m.y. ago over a time period as short as 14-40...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Stress Changes and Earthquake Hazard
Strike-slip faults in the forearc region of a subduction zone often present significant seismic hazard because of their proximity to population centers. We explore the interaction between thrust events on the subduction interface and strike-slip faults within the forearc region using 3-D models of static Coulomb stress change.
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies-Tsunami Potential
Newly-acquired multibeam bathymetry of the entire Puerto Rico trench reveals numerous retrograde slope failures at various scales at the edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The slumped material comprises carbonate blocks, which are cohesive and the edge of the carbonate platform is steeper than most continental slopes, resulting in a higher potential runup...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Seafloor Map
To help understand the origin of the unusual bathymetry, gravity, and vertical tectonics of the plate boundary and to provide constraints for hazard assessment, the morphology of the entire 770-km-long trench from the Dominican Republic in the west to Anguilla in the east was mapped with multibeam echosounder during three cruises in 2002 and 2003. Parts of the Puerto Rico Trench were previously...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are located at an active plate boundary between the North American plate and the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate. Plate movements have caused large magnitude earthquakes and devastating tsunamis. The USGS has an ongoing program to identify and map the faults in this region using various geophysical and geological methods in order to estimate the location...
Peace and Science in the Middle East
This project is complete and the website is archived and no longer updated. The ancient cultures of the Middle East and the modern political conflicts there are shaped by a surprisingly diverse and youthful landscape. The landscape of the region is dominated by a narrow elongate (20-30 km wide) valley, that is surrounded by the western highlands of Israel and the Palestinian Territories, and the...
Earthquake geology inputs for the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) 2025 (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands), version 1.0 Earthquake geology inputs for the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) 2025 (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands), version 1.0
This Data Release contains preliminary versions of three related geologic input databases for the Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI) region (62°–70° W and 16°–21° N) of the United States: 1) A fault sections database (“NSHM2025_FaultSections_PRVI_v1’”), which depicts the geometry of faults capable of hosting independent earthquakes, 2) a fault-zone polygon database ("NSHM2025...
Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska during USGS Field Activity 2016-625-FA using a Reson 7160 multibeam echosounder Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska during USGS Field Activity 2016-625-FA using a Reson 7160 multibeam echosounder
Marine geophysical mapping of the Queen Charlotte Fault in the eastern Gulf of Alaska was conducted in 2016 as part of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to understand the morphology and subsurface geology of the entire Queen Charlotte system. The Queen Charlotte fault is the offshore portion of the Queen Charlotte...
Multichannel seismic-reflection and navigation data collected using SIG ELC1200 and Applied Acoustics Delta Sparkers and Geometrics GeoEel digital streamers during USGS field activity 2020-014-FA. Multichannel seismic-reflection and navigation data collected using SIG ELC1200 and Applied Acoustics Delta Sparkers and Geometrics GeoEel digital streamers during USGS field activity 2020-014-FA.
In March 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez (UPRM) Department of Marine Sciences conducted a marine seismic-reflection experiment focused on observing geophysical evidence of submarine faulting and mass wasting related to the southwestern Puerto Rico seismic sequence of 2019-20. The seismic sequence culminated with a magnitude 6.4 earthquake...
Multibeam and multichannel sparker seismic-reflection data between Cross Sound and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska, collected from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12 during field activity 2016-625-FA Multibeam and multichannel sparker seismic-reflection data between Cross Sound and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska, collected from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12 during field activity 2016-625-FA
Multibeam bathymetry and multisparker data were collected along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather Fault between Icy Point and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12.
Coastal Topography-Anegada, British Virgin Islands, 2014 Coastal Topography-Anegada, British Virgin Islands, 2014
These datasets provide lidar-derived topography for Anegada and a portion of the submerged environs. Elevation measurements were acquired on January 21, 2014 by an Optech Orion M300, and on March 19-20, 2014 by the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B). The authors acknowledge Emily Klipp, Chris Pali, Virgil Rabine, Rudy Troche, and Wayne Wright, all...
Filter Total Items: 153
Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California, off-shore seismic refraction data Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California, off-shore seismic refraction data
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, R.M. Drury, G.K. Miller, T.M. Brocher, D. A. Okaya
Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults
We use three-dimensional elastic models to help guide the kinematic interpretation of crustal deformation associated with strike-slip faults. Deformation of the brittle upper crust in the vicinity of strike-slip fault systems is modeled with the assumption that upper crustal deformation is driven by the relative plate motion in the upper mantle. The driving motion is represented by...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Rafael Katzman, J. Lin
Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault
The Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is located at the northern portion of the Kinneret-Bet Shean basin, in the northern Dead Sea transform. Three hundred kilometers of continuous marine gravity data were collected in the lake and integrated with land gravity data to a distance of more than 20 km around the lake. Analyses of the gravity data resulted in a free-air anomaly map, a variable...
Authors
Z. Ben-Avraham, Uri S. ten Brink, R. Bell, M. Reznikov
Images of crust beneath southern California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects Images of crust beneath southern California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects
The Whittier Narrows earthquake of 1987 and the Northridge earthquake of 1991 highlighted the earthquake hazards associated with buried faults in the Los Angeles region. A more thorough knowledge of the subsurface structure of southern California is needed to reveal these and other buried faults and to aid us in understanding how the earthquake-producing machinery works in this region.
Authors
G. S. Fuis, D. A. Okaya, R.W. Clayton, W. J. Lutter, T. Ryberg, T.M. Brocher, T.M. Henyey, M.L. Benthien, P.M. Davis, J. Mori, R. D. Catchings, Uri S. ten Brink, M.D. Kohler, Kim D. Klitgord, R. G. Bohannon
Crustal structure of a transform plate boundary: San Francisco Bay and the central California continental margin Crustal structure of a transform plate boundary: San Francisco Bay and the central California continental margin
Wide-angle seismic data collected during the Bay Area Seismic Imaging Experiment provide new glimpses of the deep structure of the San Francisco Bay Area Block and across the offshore continental margin. San Francisco Bay is underlain by a veneer (
Authors
W.S. Holbrook, T.M. Brocher, Uri S. ten Brink, J.A. Hole
EAST93: Geophysical traverse from the Transantarctic Mountains to the Wilkes Basin, East Antarctica EAST93: Geophysical traverse from the Transantarctic Mountains to the Wilkes Basin, East Antarctica
The East Antarctic Seismic Traverse (EAST93) was a geophysical traverse designed to image the bedrock under the East Antarctic ice cap. The traverse started 10 km west of the Taylor Dome drill site and 25 km west of the exposed bedrock of the Transantarctic Mountains at Lashly Mt. and ended 323 km west of the drill site over the Wilkes subglacial basin (Fig. 1). The traverse was located
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Stephen Bannister
Three-dimensional modeling of pull-apart basins: implications for the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin Three-dimensional modeling of pull-apart basins: implications for the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin
We model the three-dimensional (3-D) crustal deformation in a deep pull-apart basin as a result of relative plate motion along a transform system and compare the results to the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin. The brittle upper crust is modeled by a boundary element technique as an elastic block, broken by two en echelon semi-infinite vertical faults. The deformation is caused by a...
Authors
Rafael Katzman, Uri S. ten Brink, Jian Lin
Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider, Aaron H. Johnson
Glacial morphology and depositional sequences of the Antarctic Continental Shelf Glacial morphology and depositional sequences of the Antarctic Continental Shelf
We propose a simple model for the unusual depositional sequences and morphology of the Antarctic continental shelf. Our model considers the regional stratal geometry and the reversed morphology of the Antarctic continental shelf to be principally the results of time-integrated effects of glacial erosion and sedimentation related to the location of the ice grounding line. The model offers...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider
Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider
Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, P. H. Santschi
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Puerto Rico Natural Hazards: Earthquakes | Peligros naturales de Puerto Rico: Terremotos
USGS provides real-time earthquake data, information on historic earthquakes, resources for the most significant earthquakes, and seismicity and ground motions to support future updates to the seismic hazard models for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Our seismic research can help establish better building regulations that mitigate earthquake risks and improve public safety. The USGS...
Puerto Rico Natural Hazards: Tsunamis | Peligros naturales de Puerto Rico: Maremotos
Tsunamis are long waves formed from a sudden displacement of the sea floor due to a fault rupture, landslide, or volcanic activity. Given that Puerto Rico lies above a subduction zone in the Caribbean Sea, it is especially susceptible to large earthquakes and tsunamis. The greatest tsunami ever recorded in Puerto Rico occurred from an earthquake off the Mona Passage in 1918. The USGS Earthquake...
Seismic Reflection and Refraction Methods
Seismic reflection and refraction methods are major tools in natural hazard assessments. Useful tools were developed to aid in processing and modeling of these data.
Quantifying Morphological Processes
Quantifying Morphological Processes lays the foundation for a better assessment of landslide hazard and sediment transport for resource utilization.
Tectonic Processes
Geophysical research utilizes analytical and numerical tools to quantify tectonic processes. Basic geophysical research lays the ground for understanding of Earth processes, which affect natural hazards and resource estimation.
Significant Earthquakes on a major fault system in Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles, 1500–2010: Implications for Seismic Hazard
Earthquakes have been documented in the northeastern Caribbean since the arrival of Columbus to the Americas; written accounts of these felt earthquakes exist in various parts of the world. To better understand the earthquake cycle in the Caribbean, the records of earthquakes in earlier catalogs and historical documents from various archives, which are now available online, were critically...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Models
The Puerto Rico trench exhibits great water depth, extremely low gravity anomaly, and a tilted carbonate platform between (reconstructed) elevations of +1300 m and -4000 m. we suggest that these features are manifestations of large vertical movements of a segment of the Puerto Rico Trench, its forearc, and the island of Puerto Rico that took place 3.3 m.y. ago over a time period as short as 14-40...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Stress Changes and Earthquake Hazard
Strike-slip faults in the forearc region of a subduction zone often present significant seismic hazard because of their proximity to population centers. We explore the interaction between thrust events on the subduction interface and strike-slip faults within the forearc region using 3-D models of static Coulomb stress change.
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies-Tsunami Potential
Newly-acquired multibeam bathymetry of the entire Puerto Rico trench reveals numerous retrograde slope failures at various scales at the edge of the carbonate platform north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The slumped material comprises carbonate blocks, which are cohesive and the edge of the carbonate platform is steeper than most continental slopes, resulting in a higher potential runup...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies- Seafloor Map
To help understand the origin of the unusual bathymetry, gravity, and vertical tectonics of the plate boundary and to provide constraints for hazard assessment, the morphology of the entire 770-km-long trench from the Dominican Republic in the west to Anguilla in the east was mapped with multibeam echosounder during three cruises in 2002 and 2003. Parts of the Puerto Rico Trench were previously...
Caribbean Tsunami and Earthquake Hazards Studies
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are located at an active plate boundary between the North American plate and the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate. Plate movements have caused large magnitude earthquakes and devastating tsunamis. The USGS has an ongoing program to identify and map the faults in this region using various geophysical and geological methods in order to estimate the location...
Peace and Science in the Middle East
This project is complete and the website is archived and no longer updated. The ancient cultures of the Middle East and the modern political conflicts there are shaped by a surprisingly diverse and youthful landscape. The landscape of the region is dominated by a narrow elongate (20-30 km wide) valley, that is surrounded by the western highlands of Israel and the Palestinian Territories, and the...
Earthquake geology inputs for the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) 2025 (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands), version 1.0 Earthquake geology inputs for the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) 2025 (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands), version 1.0
This Data Release contains preliminary versions of three related geologic input databases for the Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI) region (62°–70° W and 16°–21° N) of the United States: 1) A fault sections database (“NSHM2025_FaultSections_PRVI_v1’”), which depicts the geometry of faults capable of hosting independent earthquakes, 2) a fault-zone polygon database ("NSHM2025...
Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska during USGS Field Activity 2016-625-FA using a Reson 7160 multibeam echosounder Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska during USGS Field Activity 2016-625-FA using a Reson 7160 multibeam echosounder
Marine geophysical mapping of the Queen Charlotte Fault in the eastern Gulf of Alaska was conducted in 2016 as part of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to understand the morphology and subsurface geology of the entire Queen Charlotte system. The Queen Charlotte fault is the offshore portion of the Queen Charlotte...
Multichannel seismic-reflection and navigation data collected using SIG ELC1200 and Applied Acoustics Delta Sparkers and Geometrics GeoEel digital streamers during USGS field activity 2020-014-FA. Multichannel seismic-reflection and navigation data collected using SIG ELC1200 and Applied Acoustics Delta Sparkers and Geometrics GeoEel digital streamers during USGS field activity 2020-014-FA.
In March 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez (UPRM) Department of Marine Sciences conducted a marine seismic-reflection experiment focused on observing geophysical evidence of submarine faulting and mass wasting related to the southwestern Puerto Rico seismic sequence of 2019-20. The seismic sequence culminated with a magnitude 6.4 earthquake...
Multibeam and multichannel sparker seismic-reflection data between Cross Sound and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska, collected from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12 during field activity 2016-625-FA Multibeam and multichannel sparker seismic-reflection data between Cross Sound and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska, collected from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12 during field activity 2016-625-FA
Multibeam bathymetry and multisparker data were collected along the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather Fault between Icy Point and Dixon Entrance, offshore southeastern Alaska from 2016-05-17 to 2016-06-12.
Coastal Topography-Anegada, British Virgin Islands, 2014 Coastal Topography-Anegada, British Virgin Islands, 2014
These datasets provide lidar-derived topography for Anegada and a portion of the submerged environs. Elevation measurements were acquired on January 21, 2014 by an Optech Orion M300, and on March 19-20, 2014 by the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B). The authors acknowledge Emily Klipp, Chris Pali, Virgil Rabine, Rudy Troche, and Wayne Wright, all...
Filter Total Items: 153
Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California, off-shore seismic refraction data Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California, off-shore seismic refraction data
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, R.M. Drury, G.K. Miller, T.M. Brocher, D. A. Okaya
Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults
We use three-dimensional elastic models to help guide the kinematic interpretation of crustal deformation associated with strike-slip faults. Deformation of the brittle upper crust in the vicinity of strike-slip fault systems is modeled with the assumption that upper crustal deformation is driven by the relative plate motion in the upper mantle. The driving motion is represented by...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Rafael Katzman, J. Lin
Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault
The Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is located at the northern portion of the Kinneret-Bet Shean basin, in the northern Dead Sea transform. Three hundred kilometers of continuous marine gravity data were collected in the lake and integrated with land gravity data to a distance of more than 20 km around the lake. Analyses of the gravity data resulted in a free-air anomaly map, a variable...
Authors
Z. Ben-Avraham, Uri S. ten Brink, R. Bell, M. Reznikov
Images of crust beneath southern California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects Images of crust beneath southern California will aid study of earthquakes and their effects
The Whittier Narrows earthquake of 1987 and the Northridge earthquake of 1991 highlighted the earthquake hazards associated with buried faults in the Los Angeles region. A more thorough knowledge of the subsurface structure of southern California is needed to reveal these and other buried faults and to aid us in understanding how the earthquake-producing machinery works in this region.
Authors
G. S. Fuis, D. A. Okaya, R.W. Clayton, W. J. Lutter, T. Ryberg, T.M. Brocher, T.M. Henyey, M.L. Benthien, P.M. Davis, J. Mori, R. D. Catchings, Uri S. ten Brink, M.D. Kohler, Kim D. Klitgord, R. G. Bohannon
Crustal structure of a transform plate boundary: San Francisco Bay and the central California continental margin Crustal structure of a transform plate boundary: San Francisco Bay and the central California continental margin
Wide-angle seismic data collected during the Bay Area Seismic Imaging Experiment provide new glimpses of the deep structure of the San Francisco Bay Area Block and across the offshore continental margin. San Francisco Bay is underlain by a veneer (
Authors
W.S. Holbrook, T.M. Brocher, Uri S. ten Brink, J.A. Hole
EAST93: Geophysical traverse from the Transantarctic Mountains to the Wilkes Basin, East Antarctica EAST93: Geophysical traverse from the Transantarctic Mountains to the Wilkes Basin, East Antarctica
The East Antarctic Seismic Traverse (EAST93) was a geophysical traverse designed to image the bedrock under the East Antarctic ice cap. The traverse started 10 km west of the Taylor Dome drill site and 25 km west of the exposed bedrock of the Transantarctic Mountains at Lashly Mt. and ended 323 km west of the drill site over the Wilkes subglacial basin (Fig. 1). The traverse was located
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Stephen Bannister
Three-dimensional modeling of pull-apart basins: implications for the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin Three-dimensional modeling of pull-apart basins: implications for the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin
We model the three-dimensional (3-D) crustal deformation in a deep pull-apart basin as a result of relative plate motion along a transform system and compare the results to the tectonics of the Dead Sea Basin. The brittle upper crust is modeled by a boundary element technique as an elastic block, broken by two en echelon semi-infinite vertical faults. The deformation is caused by a...
Authors
Rafael Katzman, Uri S. ten Brink, Jian Lin
Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider, Aaron H. Johnson
Glacial morphology and depositional sequences of the Antarctic Continental Shelf Glacial morphology and depositional sequences of the Antarctic Continental Shelf
We propose a simple model for the unusual depositional sequences and morphology of the Antarctic continental shelf. Our model considers the regional stratal geometry and the reversed morphology of the Antarctic continental shelf to be principally the results of time-integrated effects of glacial erosion and sedimentation related to the location of the ice grounding line. The model offers...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider
Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling Glacial processes affecting the stratigraphy of the Antarctic Continental Shelf: Results from modeling
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Christopher Schneider
Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments Mobility of radioisotopes in marine surface sediments
No abstract available.
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, P. H. Santschi
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government