Eswatini

In 2024, Eswatini was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. Production of gold (artisanal), sand and gravel, and crushed stone represented only a minor part of the economy of Eswatini. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Eswatini is provided by the Diamond Act No. 3 of 2011, the Explosive Act No. 4 of 1961, the Mines and Minerals Act No. 4 of 2011, and the Mines and Quarries (Safety) Regulations. The Mining Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (MNRE) is responsible for administrating the mineral sector. In collaboration with the MNRE, the Minerals Management Board (MMB) advises the iNgwenyama (male monarch of Eswatini) on the overall management of minerals and granting of mineral rights in Eswatini. Mineral commodities were produced by artisanal miners, foreign and domestic private companies, and government-owned companies.