Eswatini

In 2024, Eswatini was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. Production of gold (artisanal), sand and gravel, and crushed stone represented only a minor part of the economy of Eswatini. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Eswatini is provided by the Diamond Act No. 3 of 2011, the Explosive Act No. 4 of 1961, the Mines and Minerals Act No. 4 of 2011, and the Mines and Quarries (Safety) Regulations. The Mining Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (MNRE) is responsible for administrating the mineral sector. In collaboration with the MNRE, the Minerals Management Board (MMB) advises the iNgwenyama (male monarch of Eswatini) on the overall management of minerals and granting of mineral rights in Eswatini. Most mineral commodities were produced by artisanal miners, foreign and domestic private companies, and government-owned companies (Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy, 2024a–c; Central Bank of Eswatini, 2025, p. 69). 

Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of the mineral industry of Eswatini can be found in previous editions of the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa and the Middle East, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/afric…;

Production table

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

References Cited 

• Central Bank of Eswatini, 2025, Quarterly review March 2025: Mbabane, Eswatini, Central Bank of Eswatini, 74 p. (Accessed July 15, 2025, via https://www.centralbank.org.sz/quarterly-reports/.) 

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy, 2024a, Department of Natural Resources and Energy: Mbabane, Eswatini, Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy. (Accessed July 15, 2025, at https://www.gov.sz/index.php/ministries-departments/ministry-of-natural….) 

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy, 2024b, Departments: Mbabane, Eswatini, Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy. (Accessed July 15, 2025, via https://www.gov.sz/index.php/departments-sp-623334762.) 

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy, 2024c, Mining Department: Mbabane, Eswatini, Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy. (Accessed September 9, 2025, via https://www.gov.sz/index.php/departments-sp-623334762/mining-department.)