The Philippines

The Philippines was the second-ranked producer of nickel

Pictured: nickel

Statistics and information on the mining industry in the Philippines.

Overview

In 2024, the Philippines was second-ranked producer of nickel, accounting for 9.5% of global production, and seventh-ranked producer of cobalt, accounting for an estimated 1.0% of global production. Other mineral commodities produced included chromium, copper, gold, iron ore, perlite, scandium, silver, steel, and zeolites.

The mining and quarrying sector contributed 0.9% to the gross domestic product (GDP). The legislative framework for the mineral sector is provided by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942), including its Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources oversees the mineral industry. Production of metals was dominated by privately owned domestic and foreign enterprises under mineral production-sharing agreements with the Government.

In 2024, the contribution of the mining and quarrying sector to the Philippine GDP, the sector’s output growth rate, and net foreign direct investment in the sector decreased compared with 2023. The total production quantity of gold, nickel, and copper, which accounted for 98% of production value, also decreased. The Government sought to ease foreign ownership limits to improve the sector’s limited financial and technical capacity and public utilities issues. To overcome the headwinds, the mineral industry facilitated sectoral growth through production increase, resumption of mining activities, an initial public offering, reserve extensions, mine-design optimization, and commissioning of new facilities.

2024 Report

Full data release with tables here.

Introduction

In 2024, the Philippines was 2d-ranked producer of nickel, accounting for 9.5% of global production; 7th-ranked producer of cobalt, accounting for an estimated 1.0% of global production; 10th-ranked producer of zeolites, accounting for 0.51%; and 13th-producer of perlite, accounting for 0.33% of global production. Other mineral commodities produced included cement, chromium, clays, copper, feldspar, gold, iron ore, lime, phosphate rock, salt, scandium, silver, steel, and stone (Production table; Ewing, 2026; Merrill, 2026; Simmons, 2026; Stewart, 2026).

Minerals in the National Economy

In 2024, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines increased by 5.6% compared with an increase of 5.5% in 2023. The nominal GDP was \$461 billion.¹ In 2024, the mining and quarrying sector contributed 0.9% to the GDP compared with 1.0% in 2023; the output of the sector increased by 1.3% in 2024 compared with an increase by 2.0% in 2023. Of the sectoral output, that of mining coal increased by 9.5%; that of other mining and quarrying including stone, by 6.9%; and that of mining of copper ore, by 2.9%. Output of extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas decreased by 11%; mining of precious metal including gold, by 3.9%; and mining of nickel ore, by 2.9% (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2025a, p. 1, 4, 11, 13, 60).

In 2024, the Philippines’ total net foreign direct investment (FDI) in equity other than reinvestment of earnings was the inflow of \$1.54 billion. However, the net FDI of the mining and quarrying sector in 2024 was the outflow of \$3.22 million compared with the inflow of \$7.11 million in 2023. In 2024, the mining and quarrying sector employed 292,000 people compared with 210,000 people in 2023, accounting for 0.58% of total employment in the country (Bangko sentral ng Pilipinas, 2025; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025c, p. 1).

In 2024, the value of “metallic mineral” production increased by 1.3% to \$4.41 billion. Of this amount, the production value of gold accounted for 50% of the total; nickel ore and its products, including nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide (NCMS) and scandium oxalate, 37%; copper, 11%; and chromite, iron ore, and silver, a combined 2%. The value of nonmetallic mineral production decreased by 19% to \$1.11 billion (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 1; 2025c, p. 1),

Government Policies and Programs

The legislative framework for the mineral sector is provided by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942), including its Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) governs the regulatory framework of the mining industry (Bunye and Evangelista, 2025).

By the Mining Act and Foreign Investment Act of 1991, only Filipino citizens or entities with at least 60% of capital ownership may enter into mineral production-sharing agreements (MPSA). Foreign entities with 100% capital ownership may obtain only exploration permits, financial and technical assistance agreements, and mineral processing agreements. In February, the Department of Finance asked the House of Representatives to ease foreign ownership limits, including fines, forced divestment, licenses revocation, and other penalties, to improve mineral industry’s limited financial and technical capacity and public utilities issues such as high electricity costs (Chen and Cheng, 2024; Dela Cruz, 2024; Bunye and Evangelista, 2024; Soriano, 2024).

On May 22, the Philippine Ecosystem and Natural Capital Accounting System (PENCAS) Act (Republic Act No. 11995) came into effect. PENCAS was designed to recognize and protect natural resources and environmental pollution and promote the ecological balance and resilience of the country under the Government accounting framework (LawPhil.net, 2024; Maralit, 2024).

As of December 2024, a new bill to amend Mining Act was pending in the Philippine Senate. The new system proposed in the bill would impose a four-tier, margin-based royalty ranging from 1.5% to 5% depending on mine location and incorporate biodiversity and involvement of stakeholders, including local government units, local communities, and civil society into permitting to develop new mines (Viernes, 2024).

Production

Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1).

Structure of the Mineral Industry

Production of metals was dominated by privately owned domestic and foreign enterprises under MPSA with the Government. As of December 2024, MGB under the DENR reported that the Philippines had 58 operating metal mines, including 36 nickel mines, 11 gold mines, 4 chromite mines, 4 iron ore mines, and 3 copper mines, and 59 operating nonmetal mines. In 2024, the Philippines had a total of 686 approved mining tenements compared with 706 in 2023. The approved tenements consisted of 285 MPSA, 239 industrial sand and gravel permits, 114 processing plant permits, and 48 exploration permits. The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025b, p. 2; 2025c, p. 1).

Mineral Trade

In 2024, total goods export from the Philippines decreased by 0.5% to \$73.3 billion from that in 2023. The export value of mineral products (excluding petroleum products) decreased by 1.8% to \$7.02 billion from that in 2023 and accounted for 9.6% of the value of total exports. The export value of gold increased by 14% to \$1.35 billion and that of copper concentrates, by 58% to \$1.28 billion. The export value of nickel, nickel concentrates, NCMS, and scandium oxalate decreased by 4.0% to \$3.00 billion; copper metal, by 31% to \$1.35 billion; chromite ore, by 18% to \$21.6 million; and iron ore, by 69% to \$16.8 million (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2025b, table 8).

In 2024, total goods import to the Philippines increased by 1.1% to \$128 billion from that in 2023. The import value of mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials decreased by 5.2% to \$19.1 billion from that in 2023 and accounted for 15% of the value of total imports. The import value of iron and steel increased by 11% to \$5.21 billion; metal products, by 7.4% to \$2.63 billion; and nonferrous metals, by 12% to \$1.53 billion. The import value of metalliferous ores decreased by 8.8% to \$3.02 billion and that of nonmetallic mineral manufactures, by 2.6% to \$1.82 billion (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2025b, table 9).

Commodity Review

Metals

Chromium.—Chromite production increased by 25% to 127,613 metric tons (t), owing mainly to an 165% increase in output from the Homonhon Mine of Techiron Resources Inc corresponding to strong demand from China. Taganito HPAL Nickel Corp. (a subsidiary of Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. of Japan) produced 64,591 t of chromite, a 17% decrease compared with that in 2023, because chromite is a byproduct of NCMS production, and nickel production (Ni content) decreased by 25% in 2024 (Facilities table; Dela Peña, 2024; Mines and Geoscience Bureau, 2025a, p. 3; 2025d, p. 2, 5).

Copper.—Carmen Copper Corp. resumed production from the Lutopan mining area in April 2024 after closure in 2015. However, total mined copper (Cu content) production in the country decreased by 14% to 53,182 t, owing mainly to a 4% decrease of concentrate output to approximately 257,000 t and decrease of copper grade in concentrate to 20.7% compared with 23.3% in 2023 (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 2; 2025d, p. 2; 2025e, p. 1).

In March, the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission approved the first \$138 million mining initial public offering (IPO) of OceanaGold (Philippines) Inc. (OGPI), which was fully owned by OceanaGold Corp. of Canada and operated the Didipio copper-gold mine in full production. The last IPO of a mining company in the country was Coal Asia Holdings Inc. in 2012, in which the Government banned new mining projects. In May, OGPI completed the IPO of 20% of the issued and outstanding common shared in its capital. However mined copper (Cu content) decreased by 13% to 12,371 t owing to a 4.4% decrease of mined ore to 1.51 million metric tons (Mt) and a 20% decrease of grade to 0.45% copper. OGPI increased reserves to approximately 38,300 kilograms (kg) of gold and 0.15 Mt of copper after mining depletion through reserve extensions at depth and mine-design optimization in the Didipio copper-gold mine (Facilities table; Camus, 2024; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025d, p. 2; OceanaGold Inc., 2025a, p. 7; 2025b, p. 1, 2, 6).

Gold and Silver.—Mined gold production in 2024 decreased by 7% to 28,870 kg, but production value increased by 19% to \$2.21 billion owing to continuing increase in gold prices influenced by central bank purchases and geopolitical tension. The top three mined gold producers were the Filminera Resources Corp. with 6,036 kg of gold, OceanaGold (Philippines) Inc. with 3,016 kg, and Apex Mining Co., Inc. with 3,837 kg (Production table; Love, 2024; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 2; 2025d, p. 1; OceanaGold Corp., 2025a, p. 33)

Mined silver production increased by 17% to 54,073 kg from that in 2023, and production value increased by 56% to \$50.7 million owing to a 20% increase of average market price. This was likely contributed by 56% of production increase by the leading silver producer, TVI Resource Development Philippine Inc., which produced 27,056 kg, followed by Apex Mining Co., Inc., 10,644 kg; and Filminera Resources Corp., 5,745 kg (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 2; 2025d, p. 2).

Nickel.—The production quantity and value of mined nickel (direct shipping ore) decreased by 5.8% to 33.4 Mt and 15% to \$989 million, respectively, owing to unfavorable weather conditions, and continued care-and-maintenance status at some mines. Exports of nickel ore and concentrates totaled 44.5 Mt (wet) in 2024, which went to China (77%) and Indonesia (23%); China received 99% of 38.8 Mt of exports in 2023. Taganito Mining Corp. produced 5.30 Mt of direct-shipping ore, which accounted for 16% of total mined nickel in 2024, followed by Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corp., 4.05 Mt (12%); CTP Construction and Mining Corp., including the Adlay and Dahican nickel mines, 3.35 Mt (10%); and Carrascal Nickel Corp., 2.96 Mt (8.9%) (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 2; 2025d, p. 4, 5; Trade Data Monitor LLC, 2026).

In 2024, Norweah Metals and Minerals Co. Inc.’s Legazpi nickel mine, which was operated by Norteeste Corp., started production and produced 762,000 t of nickel ore. Hallmark Mining Corp. of Asiaticus Management Corp. also started production and produced 551,000 t of ore from the Pujada nickel mine. AAM-PHIL Natural Resources Exploration and Development Corp. resumed production and produced 254,000 t of ore from the Dinagat chromite-nickel mine, which had no production in 2023. Comet Mining Exploration Corp., 4D Ventures and Development Inc., Stagno Mining Corp. in the Caraga Region, and Hinatuan Mining Corp. in Eastern Visayas Region (Region VIII) were expected to start nickel production in the near future. The Agata nickel laterite mine of Agata Mining Ventures Inc., the Urbiztondo nickel mine of Adnama Mining Resources Inc., and the Dahican nickel mine of CTP Construction and Mining Corp. were implementing their final mine rehabilitation and/or decommissioning plans (Facilities table; Lagare, 2024; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2025a, p. 1, 2; 2025d, p. 4, 5).

Iron and Steel.—In July, SteelAsia Manufacturing Corp. (SAMC)’s new steel mill in Compostela, Cebu, was commissioned. Once Compostela Works ramps up to full operation of 1 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of rebar, the combined finished steel production of SAMC was expected to reach 3 Mt/yr. A \$1.43 billion expansion investment of SAMC for 5 new plants by 2028 included a 0.75-Mt/yr section rolling mill at Candelaria, Quezon (\$524 million); a 0.5-Mt/yr steel beam plant at Lemery, Batangas (\$314 million); a new 80-t electric furnace at its Davao plant site to produce own billet (\$139 million); and rebars and wire rods plants in Concepcion, Tarlac (combined \$454 million). The first three plants under construction were expected to be operational in 2026 and remaining two plants in 2027 (Domingo, 2024; Lee, 2024; Monzon, 2024; Tabile, 2024; SteelAsia Manufacturing Corp., 2025).

Industrial Minerals

Cement.—In December, CEMEX, S.A.B. de C.V. of Mexico sold 100% equity interest of Cemex Asian South East Corp., which owned approximately 89% of Concreat Holdings Philippines, Inc. to DMCI Holdings Inc. (50.5%), Dacon Corp. of the United States (28.6%), and Semirara Mining & Power Corp. (9.9%) owing to continuous loss of \$36 million in 2023 and \$18 million in 2022. CHP was the fourth largest cement producer in the Philippines through majority-owned APO Cement Corp. and Solid Cement Corp. with a combined production capacity of 5.7 Mt/yr and was expected to increase its production capacity to 7.2 Mt/yr by 2025 (CEMEX, S.A.B. de C.V., 2024; Fujita, 2024; Global Cement, 2024a; Rosales, 2024; S&P Global, 2025).

In June, Phinma Corp. signed a joint venture agreement with Anflo Group to build a 2-Mt/yr cement plant in Davao del Norte, which was scheduled to be operational by 2026. In July, Taiheiyo Cement Philippines Inc. commissioned a new 3-Mt/yr production line at its San Fernando cement plant in Cebu, replacing a closed 1.9-Mt/yr line in 2021 (Global Cement, 2024b, c; Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 2024, p. 35).

Production table

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

Table includes data available through August 11, 2025. All data are reported unless otherwise noted. Estimated data are rounded to mo more than three significant digits. In addition to the commodities listed, bauxite, feldspar, platinum-group metals as byproducts of other metal production, sulfur, smelted tin, and smelted tungsten may have been produced, but available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output.
Commodity	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Bentonite	4,720	6,059	22,603	26,555	5,386
Cement, hydraulic	23,000,000^e	27,000,000^e	28,700,000^e	30,000,000^e	26,500,000^e
Chromium, mine, chromite concentrates	35,112	30,721	87,182	101,960	127,613
Clays, unspecified	191,907	105,633	138,011	214,187	156,358
Cobalt, mine, ore, Co content	4,100^e1	3,600^e1	3,900^e1	3,400^e1	3,100^e1
Copper, mine, concentrates	242,075	214,684	258,729	266,532	256,769
Copper, mine, concentrates, Cu content	60,856	51,586	59,509	61,979	53,182
Copper, refinery, primary, Cu content	220,900	206,200	184,100	208,100	199,400
Copper, smelter, primary, Cu content	247,000	219,800	185,100	216,900	206,400
Gold, mine, Au content (kilograms)	21,030	25,332	29,036	31,046	28,870
Iron ore, mine	42,795	68,191	75,771	141,220	130,161
Iron ore, mine, Fe content	26,700	42,600	47,400	88,300	81,400
Kaolin	41,000	28,200	18,612	0^e	0^e
Lead, refinery, secondary	45,000^e	45,000^e	45,000^e	45,000^e	45,000^e
Lime	159,141	147,577	191,305	176,882	164,010
Nickel, intermediate, nickel cobalt sulfide, Ni content	49,647	43,493	46,700^e	41,400^e	38,200^e
Nickel, mine, ore, laterite	26,781,654	32,933,346	29,423,836	35,475,800	33,431,483
Nickel, mine, ore, laterite, Ni content	328,372	387,047	346,000^e	385,965	354,132
Perlite, crude	0^e	4,631	24,878	18,384	15,217
Phosphate rock	570	0	70	1,680	4,442
Phosphate rock, P2O5 content	190	0	25	570	1,510
Pumice and related materials, pumice	4,010	2,020	242	226	1,660
Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff	117,000	149,168	276,909	225,110	186,621
Raw steel	892,311	1,554,825	1,600,000	1,851,000	1,900,000
Salt, sea salt	120,000^e	41,000^e	51,000^e	60,000^e	133,000^e
Sand and gravel, construction, unspecified	32,600,000	34,500,000	36,800,000	60,600,000	80,900,000
Sand and gravel, industrial, sand	660,153	907,970	818,353	704,880	529,741
Scandium, scandium oxalate (kilograms)	4,490^e	5,600^e	7,050^e	6,410^e	4,130^e
Silver, mine, Ag content (kilograms)	24,024	30,856	56,227	46,160	54,073
Steel products, hot-rolled	3,658,000	3,700,000^e	3,810,000^e	4,400,000^e	4,520,000^e
Stone, crushed, dolomite	1,180,899	1,471,771	1,006,160	865,865	746,799
Stone, crushed, limestone	23,066,859	31,466,459	29,576,468	29,791,791	28,060,737
Stone, crushed, other	10,774,309	21,100,000	15,500,000	17,900,000	14,900,000
Stone, crushed, pozzolan, for cement	1,048,334	1,150,585	2,298,900	3,570,120	4,082,290
Stone, crushed, shale	2,142,439	3,505,376	5,152,685	3,413,170	2,734,256
Stone, crushed, volcanic cinder	6,300	280	4,200	0^e	0^e
Stone, dimension, marble	194,000	55,700	255,000	529,000	251,000
Zeolites	6,126	4,391	6,900	3,261	6,317

^e Estimated.

¹ Cobalt contained in the following materials: nickel-cobalt sulfide produced in the Philippines and lateritic nickel ore exported to Australia.

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