Somalia

In 2024, Somalia was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities and the production of nonfuel minerals continued to represent only a minor part of Somalia's economy. The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) is based in Mogadishu and is the internationally recognized Government. The FGS’s legislative framework for the mineral sector in Somalia is provided by the Mining Law of 1984; the Petroleum Law of 2020, No. 19, which revised the Petroleum Law of 2008, No. XGB/712/08; and the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia, Articles 43, 44, and 54. The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources oversees Somalia’s mineral sector and is responsible for formulating and implementing national mining policy, as well as promoting the sustainable development of the country’s mineral resources. The Government continued strengthening the petroleum sector’s legal framework by enacting the Extractive Industry Fiscal Regime Law (EIFRL) in 2023 and issuing a regulation in 2024 to harmonize the Petroleum Act and the Procurement Act. Mineral production data has been unavailable since 1991, owing to limited central governance and ongoing conflict in some parts of the country. Thus, quantifying the contribution of the mineral industry to the country’s economy remained unachievable at yearend 2024. In recent years, artisanal miners have produced small quantities of gemstones, gold, granite, marble, and salt. Gypsum, sand and stones (sandstones) may also have been produced (African Mining Legislation Atlas, 2024; Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, 2025a, p. 4, 10; 2025b; International Monetary Fund, 2024, p. 67, 72; 2025; p. 7; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2025). 

The Facilities table (formerly table 1) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of the mineral industry of Somalia can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa and the Middle East, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/africa-and-middle-east. 

References Cited 

• African Mining Legislation Atlas, 2024, Summary: Somalia: African Mining Legislation Atlas, April 2. (Accessed December 18, 2025, at https://www.a-mla.org/en/country/Somalia.) 

• International Monetary Fund, 2024, Somalia: Staff report for the first review under the extended credit facility arrangement, and requests for modification of performance criteria-press release; staff report; and statement by the executive director for Somalia: Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund country report no. 2024/158, June 10, 121 p. (Accessed October 22, 2025, at https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2024/06/10/Somalia-Staff-….) 

• International Monetary Fund, 2025, Somalia: Third review under the extended credit facility and requests for modification of performance criteria-press release; staff report; and statement by the executive director for Somalia: Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund country report no. 2025/191, July 16, 115 p. (Accessed December 08, 2025, at https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1somea20….) [variable paginated] 

• Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, 2025a, Somali Petroleum Law: Mogadishu, Somalia, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. 41 p. (Accessed December 9, 2025, at https://mopmr.gov.so/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SOMALI-PETROLUEM-LAW-FE….) 

• Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, 2025b, Upstream: Mogadishu, Somalia, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. (Accessed December 8, 2025, at https://mopmr.gov.so/resources/petroleum/upstream/.) 

• U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2025, Somalia, in The world factbook: Langley, Virginia, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, December 3. (Accessed December 8, 2025, at https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/.)