Publications

The spray irrigation system used by Muskegon County for wastewater treatment is the largest of its kind in the United States. It has 2200 hectares of irrigated farm land, 688 hectares of treatment lagoons, and 105 kilometers of drainage tile. The system has a design capacity of 1.8 cubic meters of wastewater per second. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to study...

Low-flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams in basins considered for work under Public Law 566 are presented in this report. The low-flow characteristics presented are the annual minimum 1-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years (Q7,2) and the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 10 years (Q7,10)...

The Lake Superior watershed is mostly a highland, generally 1,200 feet (366 meters) to 2,000 feet (610 meters) above mean sea level. It extends from Duluth to the Canadian border. Both maximum and minimum altitudes for Minnesota occur in the watershed; 2.301 ft (701 ) at Eagle Mountain, about 12 mi (19 km) northwest of Grand Marais, and 602 ft (184 m), the normal level of Lake Superior...

The reaeration capacity of the Rock River from Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to Rockton, Illinois, was determined using the energy-dissipation model. The model was calibrated using data from radioactive-tracer measurements in the study reach. Reaeration coefficients (K2) were computed for the annual minimum 7-day mean discharge that occurs on the average of once in 10 years (Q7,10). A time...

A map (scale 1:100,000) of the water table in Racine County in southeastern Wisconsin was prepared using water levels from more than 250 wells. The work was done as a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. The map shows the altitude of the water table in increments of 20 feet, with supplemental 10-foot contours...

Communities that use fill-and-draw waste-water treatment lagoons or waste-stabilization ponds are required to discharge during the spring and fall of the year at a rate that does not exceed the assimilative capacity of the receiving stream. The 10-year low mean monthly discharge (MMQ10) for October, November, April, and May for the receiving stream has been used to establish the...

The Copper-Nickel study region lies in the Superior Upland physiographic province and is located approximately 60 miles north of Duluth and 100 miles southeast of International Falls, Minnesota. It straddles the Laurentian Divide, which separates Hudson Bay and Lake Superior drainage. The topography exhibits a southwesterly trending lineation that parallels the strike of southeastward...

The 120-acre Nevin wetland at the south edge of Madison, Wis., is a discharge area of the local ground-water system. A hydrologic unit composed of drift and the upper part of an underlying sandstone sequence provides ground-water inflow. Ground water enters as springflow and as leakage upward through the organic wetland soils. The average annual water budget for the wetland was based on...

A map of the water table in Walworth County in southeastern Wisconsin was prepared using water levels from nearly 600 wells. The work was done as a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey, and the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. The map (scale 1:100 ,000) shows the altitude...

Land use in the upper St. Joseph River basin of south-central Michigan is primarily agricultural. In the 144-square-mile area, the chemical and physical characteristics of water are determined by the climate and soils, as well as by land conservation practices. Municipal waste discharges affect water quality at some locations, as do the larger lakes and ponds. Data indicate that mean...

No abstract available.

Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wis., include estimates of low-flow frequency ad flow duration at 13 gaging stations; low-flow frequency characteristics at 32 low-flow partial-record stations and 78 miscellaneous sites; and a list of base-flow discharge measurements at 244 miscellaneous sites. Equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at...