Damages to reefs, annual flood risk, and expected damages

Hurricane damage to coral reefs increases future flood risk. Blue polygons show the results of the NOAA surveys of damages to reefs after Hurricanes Mario and Irma in 2017 around San Juan, Puerto Rico.  The white bars indicate annual flood risk before the hurricanes, and the colored bar tops indicate how much risk has increased because of reef loss (values are the annula expected damages per 50,000m²).