Ecosystem Services

Coastal wetlands provide a range of ecosystem services such as storing carbon, reducing flood damage and serve as important habitats for fish, birds and shellfish.

The different components of coastal ecosystems provide services to local communities by shielding them from strong coastal winds and waves and supplying fish for industry, sport and even dinner.

Forest ecosystems are home to trees that capture and store carbon as well as game animals and edible plants provide sources of food and recreation.

Mangroves absorb and store CO2, provide habitats for animals and fish, and their vast root systems prevent erosion and shield coasts from strong winds and waves.

Urban ecosystems often feature green spaces with trees that provide shade and reduce residual heat from asphalt, as well as gardens to offer food for communities and space for pollinators. 

River ecosystems contain riparian vegetation that trap sediment and filters debris for higher water quality in addition to have riparian zones that reduce floods by slowing water flow.

Coral reefs provide ample opportunities for recreational activities and fishing and add important cultural value to coastal communities. 

Grassland ecosystems are home to migratory birds and grazing animals that increase biodiversity; wildflowers that support pollinators which are vital to sustainable agriculture; tall stalks provide habitat for a host of critters beneath the surface; and grasses limit erosion from wind and rain while improving soil and water quality.

Arctic ecosystems have boreal forests that provide habitat for over a billion birds, filter water, and sequester carbon; tundra plants and lichens that provide food for animals; glacier meltwater that supports downstream ecosystems; permafrost that can store carbon; and sea ice that helps regulate the global climate and provides important hunting grounds for marine mammals and people.