Ben Stahlschmidt
Ben is a Biological Science Technician at the Columbia Environmental Research Center.
Science and Products
Effects of hypoxic exposure on survival of larval grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Effects of hypoxic exposure on survival of larval grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
We determined the effects of hypoxia exposure on grass carp larvae survival within certain developmental periods. Our goal was to establish a baseline lethal DO concentration based on both time of exposure and water temperature. In 2023 we used 6 different low dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 mg/L plus a control of 7.0 mg/L) to test survival during short...
Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
Sensory input and systems are critical for organisms to respond to their environment, allowing movement to suitable habitat and potential escape from predators. While many stages of grass carp ontogeny have been described, neurosensory development remains unclear. Using behavioral tests, we looked at phonotaxis and chemotaxis from initial gas bladder inflation to the development of the...
Salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp during egg and early larval stages Salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp during egg and early larval stages
We tested salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp eggs and larvae during two phases of development – pre-gas bladder inflation and post gas bladder inflation to the development of the second gas bladder chamber, using 6 different salinity concentrations ranging from 0 to 36 ppt. Growth and developmental rates were also observed after exposure. After the initiation of horizontal...
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey
These data represent the measurements of length and mouth gape from large juvenile and adult wild-caught and small juvenile hatchery origin black carp, and the results of laboratory size preference trials with bivalve prey, specifically Corbicula clams. Wild-caught black carp ranged from 429-1580 mm total length, a larger range than measured in previous studies. Corbicula feeding trial...
Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus
A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, an invasive species in North America which possesses specially adapted pharyngeal teeth for crushing mollusk prey. Bait was prepared by attaching a glass vial containing toxicant (antimycin A) to the exterior of Corbicula fluminea clam valve. The vial was designed to break by the force...
Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence
In this experimental series we studied the swimming capabilities and response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae to flow turbulence in a laboratory flume. We compared three different experimental configurations, representing in-stream obstructions commonly found in natural streams (e.g. a gravel bump, a single vertical cylinder, and patches of submerged rigid vegetation)...
Survival and hydrodynamic behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in relation to turbulence and in-stream obstructions Survival and hydrodynamic behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in relation to turbulence and in-stream obstructions
Data collected from a comprehensive set of hydrodynamic experiments conducted with live grass carp eggs and larvae, to evaluate drifting and swimming patterns with 3 different in-stream obstructions: (1) a gravel bump, (2) a single cylinder, and (3) submerged vegetation. The hydrodynamic behavior of eggs and larvae with each obstruction was continuously monitored for about 85 consecutive...
Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to better understand the behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in moving water in order to develop and implement new strategies for control and prediction of their dispersal and drift at early life stages. Settling velocity and density of a representative sample of eggs were estimated, and three trials of flume experiments with different...
Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae-Data Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae-Data
We measured ontogenetic changes in routine and maximum swimming speeds of bighead, grass, and silver carp larvae. Daily measurements of routine swimming speed were taken for two weeks post-hatch using a still camera and the LARVEL program, a custom image-analysis software. Larval swimming speed was calculated using larval locations in subsequent image frames and time between images...
Exploration of a piscicide delivery method for invasive Black Carp Exploration of a piscicide delivery method for invasive Black Carp
A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, an invasive fish species in North America, which possesses pharyngeal teeth adapted for crushing mollusk prey. Many North American mollusks exist in small, fragmented populations susceptible to local extirpation. A Black Carp-selective toxic bait deployed properly could be used to protect...
Authors
Patrick Kroboth, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman
Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey
Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) have been widely used as biological control of snails in aquaculture and were imported to the United States in the 1970s and 1980s for this purpose. Prior research emphasizes the species’ propensity to control gastropods, but since subsequent escape and establishment of black carp in portions of the Mississippi River Basin, concerns...
Authors
Patrick Kroboth, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman
Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation
Aquatic vegetation can provide habitat and refuge for a variety of species in streams. However, the flow features generated by submerged patches of vegetation can also pose a challenge for fish larvae. We conducted a series of experiments with live grass carp larvae (starting ∼50 h post hatch) in a laboratory racetrack flume, using a submerged array of rigid cylinders to mimic vegetation...
Authors
Rafael Tinoco, Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman
Using turbulence to identify preferential areas for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae in streams: A laboratory study Using turbulence to identify preferential areas for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae in streams: A laboratory study
In this experimental series, we studied the swimming capabilities and response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae to flow turbulence in a laboratory flume. We compared three different experimental configurations, representing in‐stream obstructions commonly found in natural streams (e.g., a gravel bump, a single vertical cylinder, and patches of submerged rigid vegetation)...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Influence of turbulence and in-stream structures on the transport and survival of grass carp eggs and larvae at various developmental stages Influence of turbulence and in-stream structures on the transport and survival of grass carp eggs and larvae at various developmental stages
Understanding the response of grass carp to flow and turbulence regimes during early life stages is fundamental to monitoring and controlling their spread. A comprehensive set of hydrodynamic experiments was conducted with live grass carp eggs and larvae, to better understand their drifting and swimming patterns with 3 different in-stream obstructions: (1) a gravel bump, (2) a single...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume
A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to better understand the behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in moving water in order to develop and implement new strategies for control and prediction of their dispersal and drift at early life stages. Settling velocity and density of a representative sample of eggs were estimated, and three trials of flume experiments with different...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae: implications for larval dispersal Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae: implications for larval dispersal
Bighead, silver, and grass carps are invasive in the waterways of central North America, and grass carp reproduction in tributaries of the Great Lakes has now been documented. Questions about recruitment potential motivate a need for accurate models of egg and larval dispersal. Quantitative data on swimming behaviors and capabilities during early ontogeny are needed to improve these...
Authors
Amy George, Tatiana Garcia, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman
Science and Products
Effects of hypoxic exposure on survival of larval grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Effects of hypoxic exposure on survival of larval grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
We determined the effects of hypoxia exposure on grass carp larvae survival within certain developmental periods. Our goal was to establish a baseline lethal DO concentration based on both time of exposure and water temperature. In 2023 we used 6 different low dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 mg/L plus a control of 7.0 mg/L) to test survival during short...
Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
Sensory input and systems are critical for organisms to respond to their environment, allowing movement to suitable habitat and potential escape from predators. While many stages of grass carp ontogeny have been described, neurosensory development remains unclear. Using behavioral tests, we looked at phonotaxis and chemotaxis from initial gas bladder inflation to the development of the...
Salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp during egg and early larval stages Salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp during egg and early larval stages
We tested salinity tolerance of grass carp and silver carp eggs and larvae during two phases of development – pre-gas bladder inflation and post gas bladder inflation to the development of the second gas bladder chamber, using 6 different salinity concentrations ranging from 0 to 36 ppt. Growth and developmental rates were also observed after exposure. After the initiation of horizontal...
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey
These data represent the measurements of length and mouth gape from large juvenile and adult wild-caught and small juvenile hatchery origin black carp, and the results of laboratory size preference trials with bivalve prey, specifically Corbicula clams. Wild-caught black carp ranged from 429-1580 mm total length, a larger range than measured in previous studies. Corbicula feeding trial...
Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus
A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, an invasive species in North America which possesses specially adapted pharyngeal teeth for crushing mollusk prey. Bait was prepared by attaching a glass vial containing toxicant (antimycin A) to the exterior of Corbicula fluminea clam valve. The vial was designed to break by the force...
Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence
In this experimental series we studied the swimming capabilities and response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae to flow turbulence in a laboratory flume. We compared three different experimental configurations, representing in-stream obstructions commonly found in natural streams (e.g. a gravel bump, a single vertical cylinder, and patches of submerged rigid vegetation)...
Survival and hydrodynamic behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in relation to turbulence and in-stream obstructions Survival and hydrodynamic behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in relation to turbulence and in-stream obstructions
Data collected from a comprehensive set of hydrodynamic experiments conducted with live grass carp eggs and larvae, to evaluate drifting and swimming patterns with 3 different in-stream obstructions: (1) a gravel bump, (2) a single cylinder, and (3) submerged vegetation. The hydrodynamic behavior of eggs and larvae with each obstruction was continuously monitored for about 85 consecutive...
Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to better understand the behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in moving water in order to develop and implement new strategies for control and prediction of their dispersal and drift at early life stages. Settling velocity and density of a representative sample of eggs were estimated, and three trials of flume experiments with different...
Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae-Data Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae-Data
We measured ontogenetic changes in routine and maximum swimming speeds of bighead, grass, and silver carp larvae. Daily measurements of routine swimming speed were taken for two weeks post-hatch using a still camera and the LARVEL program, a custom image-analysis software. Larval swimming speed was calculated using larval locations in subsequent image frames and time between images...
Exploration of a piscicide delivery method for invasive Black Carp Exploration of a piscicide delivery method for invasive Black Carp
A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, an invasive fish species in North America, which possesses pharyngeal teeth adapted for crushing mollusk prey. Many North American mollusks exist in small, fragmented populations susceptible to local extirpation. A Black Carp-selective toxic bait deployed properly could be used to protect...
Authors
Patrick Kroboth, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman
Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) mouth gape and size preference of a bivalve prey
Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) have been widely used as biological control of snails in aquaculture and were imported to the United States in the 1970s and 1980s for this purpose. Prior research emphasizes the species’ propensity to control gastropods, but since subsequent escape and establishment of black carp in portions of the Mississippi River Basin, concerns...
Authors
Patrick Kroboth, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman
Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation
Aquatic vegetation can provide habitat and refuge for a variety of species in streams. However, the flow features generated by submerged patches of vegetation can also pose a challenge for fish larvae. We conducted a series of experiments with live grass carp larvae (starting ∼50 h post hatch) in a laboratory racetrack flume, using a submerged array of rigid cylinders to mimic vegetation...
Authors
Rafael Tinoco, Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman
Using turbulence to identify preferential areas for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae in streams: A laboratory study Using turbulence to identify preferential areas for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae in streams: A laboratory study
In this experimental series, we studied the swimming capabilities and response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae to flow turbulence in a laboratory flume. We compared three different experimental configurations, representing in‐stream obstructions commonly found in natural streams (e.g., a gravel bump, a single vertical cylinder, and patches of submerged rigid vegetation)...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Influence of turbulence and in-stream structures on the transport and survival of grass carp eggs and larvae at various developmental stages Influence of turbulence and in-stream structures on the transport and survival of grass carp eggs and larvae at various developmental stages
Understanding the response of grass carp to flow and turbulence regimes during early life stages is fundamental to monitoring and controlling their spread. A comprehensive set of hydrodynamic experiments was conducted with live grass carp eggs and larvae, to better understand their drifting and swimming patterns with 3 different in-stream obstructions: (1) a gravel bump, (2) a single...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, P. Jackson, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume
A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to better understand the behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in moving water in order to develop and implement new strategies for control and prediction of their dispersal and drift at early life stages. Settling velocity and density of a representative sample of eggs were estimated, and three trials of flume experiments with different...
Authors
Andres Prada, Amy George, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman, Rafael Tinoco
Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae: implications for larval dispersal Ontogenetic changes in swimming speed of silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp larvae: implications for larval dispersal
Bighead, silver, and grass carps are invasive in the waterways of central North America, and grass carp reproduction in tributaries of the Great Lakes has now been documented. Questions about recruitment potential motivate a need for accurate models of egg and larval dispersal. Quantitative data on swimming behaviors and capabilities during early ontogeny are needed to improve these...
Authors
Amy George, Tatiana Garcia, Benjamin Stahlschmidt, Duane Chapman