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Eveline (Evi) Emmenegger

Evi was born and raised in Alaska and spent her summers commercial fishing and working in canneries.  Her continued affinities for fish and fascination with the mysteries of microbial pathogens lead to a double major in fisheries and microbiology at college, a graduate degree in fisheries, and ultimately a desire to work in the field of fish pathology.

Research Interests:

Currently Evi is the principal investigator that manages the aquatic biosafety level three (BSL-3) laboratory, one of the few facilities in the U.S. built for the testing aquatic pathogens that pose a high risk to the environment.  Newly introduced aquatic pathogens can be safely study in this secure BSL-3 containment laboratory to determine if these novel pathogens are potential threats to native fish stocks. Her research focuses on studying exotic and invasive fish viruses and the various stress factors that lead to disease outbreaks in fish populations. Her other work includes development of a template database for aquatic pathogens, in-house and web-based databases cataloging and characterizing fish viruses, assessing the genetic variability of fish virus strains, and therapeutic means of combating fish diseases.

Professional Experience

  • 2001 to Present - Research Microbiologist, Virology Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA

  • 1994-2001 - Microbiologist, Molecular Biology Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA

  • 1992-1994 - Fisheries Biologist, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA

  • 1990-1991 - Microbiologist, Fish Pathology Section, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK

  • 1989-1990 - Fish and Wildlife Technician, Alaska Department

Education and Certifications

  • B.S. Fisheries, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR

  • B.S. Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR

  • M.S. Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Science and Products

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Koi infected with spring viremia of carp virus

Investigation and Disease Prevention of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV)

There has been long history of disease outbreaks and economic losses in wild and farmed carp species due to SVCV. Formerly thought to be restricted to Europe and Asia, SVCV was detected for the first time in North America from diseased koi at a North Carolina fish farm in 2002, and there were extensive eradication efforts with 135,000 fish euthanized in addition to the ~15,000 that died from the...
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
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Investigation and Disease Prevention of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV)

There has been long history of disease outbreaks and economic losses in wild and farmed carp species due to SVCV. Formerly thought to be restricted to Europe and Asia, SVCV was detected for the first time in North America from diseased koi at a North Carolina fish farm in 2002, and there were extensive eradication efforts with 135,000 fish euthanized in addition to the ~15,000 that died from the...
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Photo of fathead minnow

Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) - FHP

Fish Diseases - Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC)
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
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Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) - FHP

Fish Diseases - Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC)
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Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) infected with SVCV

Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) - FHP

Species Studied - Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
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Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) - FHP

Species Studied - Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)
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Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fry

Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) - FHP

Species Studied - Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
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Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) - FHP

Species Studied - Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
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Comparative virulence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genotypes in two koi varieties

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), is a lethal freshwater pathogen of cyprinid fish, and Cyprinus carpio koi is a primary host species. The virus was initially described in the 1960s after outbreaks occurred in Europe, but a global expansion of SVCV has been ongoing since the late 1990s. Genetic typing of SVCV isolates separates them into 4 genotypes that are correlated with geographic origin: I
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Species Management Research Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Analytical validation of two RT-qPCR tests and detection of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in persistently infected koi Cyprinus carpio

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) ia a carp sprivivirus and a member of the genus Sprivivirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is the etiological agent of spring viremia of carp, a disease of cyprinid species including koi Cyprinus carpio L. and notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. The goal of this study was to explore hypotheses regarding inter-genogroup (Ia to Id)
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) are both rhabdoviruses of fish, listed as notifiable disease agents by the World Organization for Animal Health. Recombinant rhabdoviruses with heterologous gene substitutions have been engineered to study genetic determinants and assess the potential of these recombinant viruses for vaccine development. A rec
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Identification of the major capsid protein of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) and development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for quantification of ENV DNA

Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a disease of marine and anadromous fish that is caused by the erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), which was recently identified as a novel member of family Iridoviridae by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the ENV DNA polymerase grouped ENV with other erythrocytic iridoviruses from snakes and lizards. In the present study, we identified the ge
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP), Marrowstone Marine Field Station (MMFS)

Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides representing neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Three peptides, P76, P226, and P268 representing 3 putative antigen~c determinants on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), were synthesized and injected into rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to assess their immunogen~city. Antisera extracted from the immunized trout were analyzed uslng an enzyme linked imrnunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies that
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center

Experimental infection of six North American fish species with the North Carolina strain of spring Viremia of Carp Virus

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in cultured and wild fish worldwide. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio carp), and koi (C. carpio koi) suffer the highest mortalities from SVCV infections, while other cyprinid fish species have varying susceptibility. Although salmonid fish typically are considered refractory to infection by SVCV, there have
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Molecular identification of erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) from the blood of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)

Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a condition affecting the red blood cells of more than 20 species of marine and anadromous fishes in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Among populations of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) on the west coast of North America the disease causes anemia and elevated mortality in periodic epizootics. Presently, VEN is diagnosed by observation of typical
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP), Marrowstone Marine Field Station (MMFS)

Susceptibility of Koi and Yellow Perch to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by experimental exposure

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a novirhabdoviral pathogen that originated in western North America among anadromous Pacific salmonids. Severe disease epidemics in the late 1970s resulting from IHNV's invasion into farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in North America, Asia, and Europe emphasized IHNV's ability to adapt to new hosts under varying rearing conditions. Yellow Pe
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Immune response to synthetic peptides representing antigenic sites on the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Summary ― Monoclonal antibodies against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have been used to react with recombinant expression products in immunoblots and to select neutralization-resistant mutants for sequence analysis. These strategies identified neutralizing and non-neutralizing antigenic sites on the viral glycoprotein. Synthetic peptides based upon the amino acid sequences of these antig
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Ecosystems, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center

Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.

The susceptibility of yellow perch Perca flavescens, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, koi Cyprinus carpio koi, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 × 106 plaque-forming units, PFU) and low (1 × 103 PFU) doses of a European strain (g
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

The recently discovered strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV-IVb, represents an example of the introduction of an extremely pathogenic rhabdovirus capable of infecting a wide variety of new fish species in a new host-environment. The goal of the present study was to delineate the expression kinetics of key genes in the innate immune response relative to the very early stages of VHSV-
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes

The Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb (VHSV-IVb) is capable of infecting a wide number of naive species and has been associated with large fish kills in the Midwestern United States since its discovery in 2005. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), a freshwater species commonly found throughout inland waters of the United States and prized for its high value i
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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program (unpublished), Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

AquaPathogen X: A Template Database for Tracking Field Isolates of Aquatic Pathogens

Aquatic Pathogen Template Database (AquaPathogen X)

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Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
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Western Fisheries Science News, June 2015 | Issue 3.6

Genetic Analysis Finds that Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus (ENV) of Pacific Herring is an Iridovirus That May be Closely Related to Erythrocytic Viruses...

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Comparative Virulence of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) Genotypes in Two Koi Varieties

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV, species Carp sprivivirus), is considered one of the most lethal freshwater pathogens of cyprinid fish. Common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and koi C. carpio koi are the most susceptible host fish species. The virus was formally described in the 1960's after outbreaks occurred in carp species on the European continent, but there has been a global expansion of SVCV pri
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Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)
Investigation and Disease Prevention of SVCV Mortality Graph
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Fig. 5. Mean cumulative percent mortality of triplicate groups of koi
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Virus-exposed fathead minnow
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Koi infected with spring viremia of carp virus
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Koi infected with spring viremia of carp virus
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