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Garth E Graham

Garth Graham is a Research Geologist with the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center.

Science and Products

Image shows a map and key of the United States with mineral locations marked with colored shapes

Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

The USGS, in combination with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada, formed the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) in 2019 to combine expertise and collaboratively conduct research on critical mineral resources.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

The USGS, in combination with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada, formed the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) in 2019 to combine expertise and collaboratively conduct research on critical mineral resources.
Learn More
USGS mineral resource assessment workflow diagram

21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

The USGS Mineral Resources Program entered a partnership with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The partnership objective is to accelerate advances in science for understanding critical minerals, assessing unknown resources, and increase mineral security for the Nation so USGS can more efficiently assess critical mineral deposits within the United States.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

The USGS Mineral Resources Program entered a partnership with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The partnership objective is to accelerate advances in science for understanding critical minerals, assessing unknown resources, and increase mineral security for the Nation so USGS can more efficiently assess critical mineral deposits within the United States.
Learn More
USGS science for a changing world

Mineral Resource Assessment Training

The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Mineral Resource Assessment Training

Mineral Resource Assessment Training

The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
Learn More
Half-meter-thick quartz veins cut across outcrops of granitic gneiss on Divide Mountain along the Alaska-Yukon border

Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

The Yukon-Tanana upland in eastern interior Alaska is a geologically complex block containing deposits of base-metal, platinum-group-element, and gold-silver-copper mineralization. It also hosts numerous mineral systems that are known or suspected to contain critical minerals.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

The Yukon-Tanana upland in eastern interior Alaska is a geologically complex block containing deposits of base-metal, platinum-group-element, and gold-silver-copper mineralization. It also hosts numerous mineral systems that are known or suspected to contain critical minerals.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 16

Domestic and international rock geochemistry of ore and host rocks generated by the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Domestic and international rock geochemistry of ore and host rocks generated by the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative

Geochemical data included were generated as part of the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). Individual samples are classified according to the Hofstra et al. (2021) CMMI deposit classification scheme. The goal of CMMI is to collaborate with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada to build a global database of critical minerals in a variety of ore deposits. The...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

A global database of porphyry copper deposits and prospects A global database of porphyry copper deposits and prospects

Porphyry copper deposits are the world's primary source of copper and can also host a variety of secondary commodities identified as critical by the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). These deposits occur primarily along convergent plate margins, and their metal association and geochemical characteristics are reflective of whether the deposit formed in continental...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Training and validation data from the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition (ver. 2.0, July 2025) Training and validation data from the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition (ver. 2.0, July 2025)

Extracting useful and accurate information from scanned geologic and other earth science maps is a time-consuming and laborious process involving manual human effort. To address this limitation, the USGS partnered with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to run the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition, soliciting innovative solutions for automatically...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

National-Scale Geophysical, Geologic, and Mineral Resource Data and Grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia: Data in Support of the Tri-National Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (ver 1.1, March 2025) National-Scale Geophysical, Geologic, and Mineral Resource Data and Grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia: Data in Support of the Tri-National Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (ver 1.1, March 2025)

National-scale geologic, geophysical, and mineral resource raster and vector data covering the United States, Canada, and Australia are provided in this data release. The data were compiled as part of the tri-national Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). The CMMI, established in 2019, is an international science collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Geoscience
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Geochemical data for stream water samples from streams around the Pogo Deposit and Black Mountain Au occurrences, Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska, 2021 Geochemical data for stream water samples from streams around the Pogo Deposit and Black Mountain Au occurrences, Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska, 2021

This data release is the result of a hydrogeochemical sampling campaign during summer 2021 to investigate whether high resolution geochemical analysis of waters for element chemistry can be used as an exploration tool for identifying gold-rich occurrences in parts of the Big Delta B-1 and B-2 quadrangles, within the Yukon-Tanana Upland region, Alaska. Historical USGS conventional stream...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

HySpex by NEO VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance and reflectance data, with associated ASD FieldSpec® NG calibration data, collected at Cripple Creek Victor mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, 2017 HySpex by NEO VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance and reflectance data, with associated ASD FieldSpec® NG calibration data, collected at Cripple Creek Victor mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, 2017

HySpex by NEO (HySpex) VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance data were acquired on September 14, 2017 at the Cresson Pit of the Cripple Creek & Victor mine in Cripple Creek, Colorado. ASD FieldSpec® NG data were collected on September 13 and 14, 2017 at two calibration sites within the Cresson Pit imaged with the HySpex imaging spectrometers. The HySpex VNIR-1800 imaging
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic for the Kahiltna terrane, Alaska, 2007-2010 Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic for the Kahiltna terrane, Alaska, 2007-2010

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has initiated a multi-disciplinary study investigating the applicability of remote sensing technologies for geologic mapping and identification of prospective areas for base and precious metal deposits in remote parts of Alaska. The Kahiltna terrane in southwestern Alaska was selected for investigation because of its known mineral deposits and potential...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Filter Total Items: 38

Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad

Basin-hosted Zn-Pb deposits, including MVT and clastic-dominated (CD or “Sedex”) Zn-Pb deposits are major sources of Zn and Pb, as well as other critical elements. We examined available whole rock and sphalerite chemistry data to understand the apparent variation of Ga and Ge among major current and historical districts of the United States (US). Robust data from the Central Tennessee...
Authors
Garth E. Graham, Erik Roger Tharalson
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

From critical minerals to food security, the benefits of data collaboration From critical minerals to food security, the benefits of data collaboration

The volume of data in the public geoscience sphere is rapidly and continually expanding. At Geoscience Australia (GA) we saw an over 500% increase in data points within our relational databases between 2018 and 2024, over the life of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program. With the Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity initiative, a continued increase in data quantity will be seen for...
Authors
Steph G. Hawkins, K Waltenberg, Catherine A. Stuart, Evgeniy Bastrakov, George N.D. Case, Jagoda Crawford, Lian Flick, Geoff Fraser, Christoph Gerber, Garth E. Graham, Kristin Guerin, Albert H. Hofstra, Cath Hughes, David L. Huston, Chris J.M. Lawley, Nina Welti, Bronwen Wang, Aaron Sedgmen, Vladimir A. Lisistin, Paul Abhijit, Tim Stobaus, Axel Suckow
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Extracting data from maps: Lessons learned from the artificial intelligence for critical mineral assessment competition Extracting data from maps: Lessons learned from the artificial intelligence for critical mineral assessment competition

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and MITRE ran a 12-week machine learning competition aimed at accelerating development of AI tools for critical mineral assessments. The Artificial Intelligence for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition solicited innovative solutions for two challenges: 1)...
Authors
Margaret A. Goldman, Graham W. Lederer, Joshua Mark Rosera, Garth E. Graham, Asitang Mishra, Alice Yepremyan
By
Mineral Resources Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Critical Minerals in Ores (CMiO) database Critical Minerals in Ores (CMiO) database

Critical minerals are commodities essential to modern industrial and strategic technologies and are highly vulnerable to supply chain disruption. The Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) is a collaboration among the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Geological Survey of Canada, and Geoscience Australia that aims to deepen global understanding of where critical minerals are...
Authors
George N.D. Case, Garth E. Graham, Christopher Lawley, Evgeniy Bastrakov, David L. Huston, Albert H. Hofstra, Vladimir Lisitsin, Steph Hawkins, Bronwen Wang
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals

No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, National Minerals Information Center

Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska

Attempts to geochemically distinguish between metamorphic-hydrothermal systems that form orogenic gold deposits and both reduced and oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal systems using isotopes or metal associations have proven ambiguous, particularly for orogenic gold and reduced intrusion-related gold systems. The absence of conclusive geochemical discriminators and the overlap in geologic
Authors
Ryan D. Taylor, Garth E. Graham, Heather A. Lowers
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver Microbeam Laboratory

Science and Products

Image shows a map and key of the United States with mineral locations marked with colored shapes

Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

The USGS, in combination with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada, formed the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) in 2019 to combine expertise and collaboratively conduct research on critical mineral resources.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI)

The USGS, in combination with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada, formed the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) in 2019 to combine expertise and collaboratively conduct research on critical mineral resources.
Learn More
USGS mineral resource assessment workflow diagram

21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

The USGS Mineral Resources Program entered a partnership with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The partnership objective is to accelerate advances in science for understanding critical minerals, assessing unknown resources, and increase mineral security for the Nation so USGS can more efficiently assess critical mineral deposits within the United States.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

21st Century Prospecting: AI-assisted Surveying of Critical Mineral Potential

The USGS Mineral Resources Program entered a partnership with the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The partnership objective is to accelerate advances in science for understanding critical minerals, assessing unknown resources, and increase mineral security for the Nation so USGS can more efficiently assess critical mineral deposits within the United States.
Learn More
USGS science for a changing world

Mineral Resource Assessment Training

The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Mineral Resource Assessment Training

Mineral Resource Assessment Training

The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
Learn More
Half-meter-thick quartz veins cut across outcrops of granitic gneiss on Divide Mountain along the Alaska-Yukon border

Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

The Yukon-Tanana upland in eastern interior Alaska is a geologically complex block containing deposits of base-metal, platinum-group-element, and gold-silver-copper mineralization. It also hosts numerous mineral systems that are known or suspected to contain critical minerals.
By
Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

Tectonic and Metallogenic Evolution of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska

The Yukon-Tanana upland in eastern interior Alaska is a geologically complex block containing deposits of base-metal, platinum-group-element, and gold-silver-copper mineralization. It also hosts numerous mineral systems that are known or suspected to contain critical minerals.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 16

Domestic and international rock geochemistry of ore and host rocks generated by the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Domestic and international rock geochemistry of ore and host rocks generated by the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative

Geochemical data included were generated as part of the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). Individual samples are classified according to the Hofstra et al. (2021) CMMI deposit classification scheme. The goal of CMMI is to collaborate with Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Canada to build a global database of critical minerals in a variety of ore deposits. The...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

A global database of porphyry copper deposits and prospects A global database of porphyry copper deposits and prospects

Porphyry copper deposits are the world's primary source of copper and can also host a variety of secondary commodities identified as critical by the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). These deposits occur primarily along convergent plate margins, and their metal association and geochemical characteristics are reflective of whether the deposit formed in continental...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Training and validation data from the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition (ver. 2.0, July 2025) Training and validation data from the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition (ver. 2.0, July 2025)

Extracting useful and accurate information from scanned geologic and other earth science maps is a time-consuming and laborious process involving manual human effort. To address this limitation, the USGS partnered with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to run the AI for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition, soliciting innovative solutions for automatically...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

National-Scale Geophysical, Geologic, and Mineral Resource Data and Grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia: Data in Support of the Tri-National Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (ver 1.1, March 2025) National-Scale Geophysical, Geologic, and Mineral Resource Data and Grids for the United States, Canada, and Australia: Data in Support of the Tri-National Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (ver 1.1, March 2025)

National-scale geologic, geophysical, and mineral resource raster and vector data covering the United States, Canada, and Australia are provided in this data release. The data were compiled as part of the tri-national Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). The CMMI, established in 2019, is an international science collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Geoscience
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Geochemical data for stream water samples from streams around the Pogo Deposit and Black Mountain Au occurrences, Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska, 2021 Geochemical data for stream water samples from streams around the Pogo Deposit and Black Mountain Au occurrences, Big Delta quadrangle, Alaska, 2021

This data release is the result of a hydrogeochemical sampling campaign during summer 2021 to investigate whether high resolution geochemical analysis of waters for element chemistry can be used as an exploration tool for identifying gold-rich occurrences in parts of the Big Delta B-1 and B-2 quadrangles, within the Yukon-Tanana Upland region, Alaska. Historical USGS conventional stream...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

HySpex by NEO VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance and reflectance data, with associated ASD FieldSpec® NG calibration data, collected at Cripple Creek Victor mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, 2017 HySpex by NEO VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance and reflectance data, with associated ASD FieldSpec® NG calibration data, collected at Cripple Creek Victor mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, 2017

HySpex by NEO (HySpex) VNIR-1800 and SWIR-384 imaging spectrometer radiance data were acquired on September 14, 2017 at the Cresson Pit of the Cripple Creek & Victor mine in Cripple Creek, Colorado. ASD FieldSpec® NG data were collected on September 13 and 14, 2017 at two calibration sites within the Cresson Pit imaged with the HySpex imaging spectrometers. The HySpex VNIR-1800 imaging
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic for the Kahiltna terrane, Alaska, 2007-2010 Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic for the Kahiltna terrane, Alaska, 2007-2010

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has initiated a multi-disciplinary study investigating the applicability of remote sensing technologies for geologic mapping and identification of prospective areas for base and precious metal deposits in remote parts of Alaska. The Kahiltna terrane in southwestern Alaska was selected for investigation because of its known mineral deposits and potential...
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Filter Total Items: 38

Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad

Basin-hosted Zn-Pb deposits, including MVT and clastic-dominated (CD or “Sedex”) Zn-Pb deposits are major sources of Zn and Pb, as well as other critical elements. We examined available whole rock and sphalerite chemistry data to understand the apparent variation of Ga and Ge among major current and historical districts of the United States (US). Robust data from the Central Tennessee...
Authors
Garth E. Graham, Erik Roger Tharalson
By
Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

From critical minerals to food security, the benefits of data collaboration From critical minerals to food security, the benefits of data collaboration

The volume of data in the public geoscience sphere is rapidly and continually expanding. At Geoscience Australia (GA) we saw an over 500% increase in data points within our relational databases between 2018 and 2024, over the life of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program. With the Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity initiative, a continued increase in data quantity will be seen for...
Authors
Steph G. Hawkins, K Waltenberg, Catherine A. Stuart, Evgeniy Bastrakov, George N.D. Case, Jagoda Crawford, Lian Flick, Geoff Fraser, Christoph Gerber, Garth E. Graham, Kristin Guerin, Albert H. Hofstra, Cath Hughes, David L. Huston, Chris J.M. Lawley, Nina Welti, Bronwen Wang, Aaron Sedgmen, Vladimir A. Lisistin, Paul Abhijit, Tim Stobaus, Axel Suckow
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Extracting data from maps: Lessons learned from the artificial intelligence for critical mineral assessment competition Extracting data from maps: Lessons learned from the artificial intelligence for critical mineral assessment competition

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and MITRE ran a 12-week machine learning competition aimed at accelerating development of AI tools for critical mineral assessments. The Artificial Intelligence for Critical Mineral Assessment Competition solicited innovative solutions for two challenges: 1)...
Authors
Margaret A. Goldman, Graham W. Lederer, Joshua Mark Rosera, Garth E. Graham, Asitang Mishra, Alice Yepremyan
By
Mineral Resources Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Critical Minerals in Ores (CMiO) database Critical Minerals in Ores (CMiO) database

Critical minerals are commodities essential to modern industrial and strategic technologies and are highly vulnerable to supply chain disruption. The Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) is a collaboration among the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Geological Survey of Canada, and Geoscience Australia that aims to deepen global understanding of where critical minerals are...
Authors
George N.D. Case, Garth E. Graham, Christopher Lawley, Evgeniy Bastrakov, David L. Huston, Albert H. Hofstra, Vladimir Lisitsin, Steph Hawkins, Bronwen Wang
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals

No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area, Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, National Minerals Information Center

Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska Hydrothermal monazite and xenotime chemistry as genetic discriminators for intrusion-related and orogenic gold deposits: Implications for an orogenic origin of the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska

Attempts to geochemically distinguish between metamorphic-hydrothermal systems that form orogenic gold deposits and both reduced and oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal systems using isotopes or metal associations have proven ambiguous, particularly for orogenic gold and reduced intrusion-related gold systems. The absence of conclusive geochemical discriminators and the overlap in geologic
Authors
Ryan D. Taylor, Garth E. Graham, Heather A. Lowers
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver Microbeam Laboratory
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