The Global Marine Mineral Resources project studies deep ocean minerals that occur within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and areas beyond national jurisdictions. Our research concerns the setting, genesis, and metal enrichment processes of mineral occurrences, the relationship between marine minerals and deep-sea biota, and the potential geochemical footprint of any seafloor mining. We aim to...

Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Deep Sea Exploration, Mapping and Characterization

Global Seabed Mineral Resources

June 15, 2022

Global Seabed Mineral Resources

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January 22, 2026

Geochemistry and x-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506 Geochemistry and x-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506

Hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks were collected via dredge from the Tulaga Seamount, the flank of Ofu Island, and from Soso seamount in the Samoa hotspot region offshore American Samoa during the KM0506 cruise aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in April of 2005. Rocks were subsampled at USGS and analyzed for mineralogy by x-ray diffraction as well as sent to SGS laboratories, Canada for major...

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

September 25, 2024

Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions

This data release is a polygon shapefile representing prospective occurrence regions of ferromanganese crusts and abyssal ferromanganese nodules on the seafloor throughout the global oceans. Polygons represent areas where oceanographic criteria, such as low sedimentation rate and moderate primary productivity, overlap with geologic criteria, including regions with appropriate seafloor...

Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

July 2, 2024

Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts, nodules, and hydrothermally altered rocks from the Arctic Ocean Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts, nodules, and hydrothermally altered rocks from the Arctic Ocean

Ferromanganese crusts, nodules, and hydrothermally altered rocks were collected via dredge within the Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean during USCGC icebreaker Healy cruises HLY0805, HLY0905, and HLY1202 in 2008, 2009, and 2012 respectively. Dredged samples were donated and sent to USGS for subsampling and major and trace element geochemical analyses. Major and trace element data as...

Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

November 30, 2020

Measurements of zinc, oxygen, and pH, from sphalerite and ZnS oxidation in seawater Measurements of zinc, oxygen, and pH, from sphalerite and ZnS oxidation in seawater

This data release presents the concentration of zinc, oxygen, pH, temperature, and the time point at which measurements were taken for experimental oxidation work regarding zinc and copper sulfide minerals. These data accompany the following publication: Gartman, A., Whisman, S.P., and Hein, J.R., 2020, Interactive oxidation of sphalerite and covellite in seawater: implications for...

Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

December 30, 2019

Sorbed-water (H2O-) corrected chemistry for ferromanganese crust samples from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean Sorbed-water (H2O-) corrected chemistry for ferromanganese crust samples from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

Ferromanganese crust samples were collected via dredge during four oceanographic research cruises to the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. The location (latitude, longitude, depth) and concentrations of 27 major and trace elements in the most recent growth layers of ferromanganese crusts from 57 dredge sites are presented here, as well as select seawater chemistry at each location. These...

Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

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January 1, 2004

Selenium loading through the Blackfoot River watershed--linking sources to ecosystem Selenium loading through the Blackfoot River watershed--linking sources to ecosystem

The upper Blackfoot River watershed in southeast Idaho receives drainage from 11 of 16 phosphate mines that have extracted ore from the Phosphoria Formation, three of which are presently active. Toxic effects from selenium (Se), including death of livestock and deformity in aquatic birds, were documented locally in areas where phosphatic shales are exposed (Piper et al., 2000; Presser et...

Authors

Theresa S. Presser, Matthew Hardy, Mark Huebner, Paul J. Lamothe

Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Contaminant Biology, Environmental Health Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center

January 1, 2004

Cenozoic marine geochemistry of thallium deduced from isotopic studies of ferromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments Cenozoic marine geochemistry of thallium deduced from isotopic studies of ferromanganese crusts and pelagic sediments

Cenozoic records of Tl isotope compositions recorded by ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts have been obtained. Such records are of interest because recent growth surfaces of Fe-Mn crusts display a nearly constant Tl isotope fractionation relative to seawater. The time-series data are complemented by results for bulk samples and leachates of various marine sediments. Oxic pelagic sediments and...

Authors

M. Rehkamper, M. Frank, J.R. Hein, A. Halliday

January 1, 2004

Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years Deep and bottom water export from the Southern Ocean to the Pacific over the past 38 million years

The application of radiogenic isotopes to the study of Cenozoic circulation patterns in the South Pacific Ocean has been hampered by the fact that records from only equatorial Pacific deep water have been available. We present new Pb and Nd isotope time series for two ferromanganese crusts that grew from equatorial Pacific bottom water (D137-01, "Nova," 7219 m water depth) and southwest...

Authors

T. van de Flierdt, M. Frank, A. N. Halliday, J.R. Hein, B. Hattendorf, D. Gunther, P.W. Kubik

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

January 1, 2004

Tracing the history of submarine hydrothermal inputs and the significance of hydrothermal hafnium for the seawater budget - A combined Pb-Hf-Nd isotope approach Tracing the history of submarine hydrothermal inputs and the significance of hydrothermal hafnium for the seawater budget - A combined Pb-Hf-Nd isotope approach

Secular variations in the Pb isotopic composition of a mixed hydrogenous-hydrothermal ferromanganese crust from the Bauer Basin in the eastern Equatorial Pacific provide clear evidence for changes in hydrothermal contributions during the past 7 Myr. The nearby Galapagos Rise spreading center provided a strong hydrothermal flux prior to 6.5 Ma. After 6.5 Ma, the Pb became stepwise more...

Authors

T. van de Flierdt, M. Frank, A. N. Halliday, J.R. Hein, B. Hattendorf, D. Gunther, P.W. Kubik

January 1, 2004

The global variation in the iron isotope composition of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits: Implications for seawater chemistry? The global variation in the iron isotope composition of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits: Implications for seawater chemistry?

The iron (Fe) isotope compositions of 37 hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits from various oceans have been analysed by MC-ICPMS; they permit the construction of a global map of Fe isotopic values. The isotopic compositions range between -1.2 and -0.1??? in ??57FeIRMM14. Averages for the Atlantic and the Pacific are -0.41 and -0.88???, but their standard deviations are identical (0.27, 1...

Authors

S. Levasseur, M. Frank, J.R. Hein, A. N. Halliday

January 1, 2004

New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese crusts

The behavior of dissolved Hf in the marine environment is not well understood due to the lack of direct seawater measurements of Hf isotopes and the limited number of Hf isotope time-series obtained from ferromanganese crusts. In order to place better constraints on input sources and develop further applications, a combined Nd-Hf isotope time-series study of five Pacific ferromanganese...

Authors

T. van de Flierdt, M. Frank, D.-C. Lee, A. N. Halliday, B.C. Reynolds, J.R. Hein

February 1, 2003

Geochemistry of Permian rocks from the margins of the Phosphoria Basin: Lakeridge core, western Wyoming Geochemistry of Permian rocks from the margins of the Phosphoria Basin: Lakeridge core, western Wyoming

The Permian Phosphoria Formation and interbedded units of the Park City Formation and Shedhorn Sandstone in western Wyoming represent deposition along a carbonate ramp at the eastern margin of the Phosphoria Basin, with portions of the Phosphoria units reflecting periods of upwelling and widespread phosphogenesis. Thickness-weighted slab-samples of these units were collected at a maximum...

Authors

Robert B. Perkins, Brandie McIntyre, James R. Hein, David Z. Piper

Geology, Energy, and Minerals Mission Area, Energy Resources Program, Mineral Resources Program, Science and Decisions Center, Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

January 1, 2003

Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium

Hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxide crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) precipitate out of cold ambient ocean water onto hard-rock surfaces (seamounts, plateaus, ridges) at water depths of about 400 to 4000 m throughout the ocean basins. The slow-growing (mm/Ma) Fe-Mn crusts concentrate most elements above their mean concentration in the Earth’s crust. Tellurium is enriched more than any other...

Authors

J.R. Hein, A. Koschinsky, A. N. Halliday

January 1, 2003

Clay-mineral suites, sources, and inferred dispersal routes: Southern California continental shelf Clay-mineral suites, sources, and inferred dispersal routes: Southern California continental shelf

Clay mineralogy is useful in determining the distribution, sources, and dispersal routes of fine-grained sediments. In addition, clay minerals, especially smectite, may control the degree to which contaminants are adsorbed by the sediment. We analyzed 250 shelf sediment samples, 24 river-suspended-sediment samples, and 12 river-bed samples for clay-mineral contents in the Southern...

Authors

J.R. Hein, J.S. Dowling, A. Schuetze, H.J. Lee

January 1, 2003

Lead isotopes in North Pacific deep water - Implications for past changes in input sources and circulation patterns Lead isotopes in North Pacific deep water - Implications for past changes in input sources and circulation patterns

The sources of non-anthropogenic Pb in seawater have been the subject of debate. Here we present Pb isotope time-series that indicate that the non-anthropogenic Pb budget of the northernmost Pacific Ocean has been governed by ocean circulation and riverine inputs, which in turn have ultimately been controlled by tectonic processes. Despite the fact that the investigated locations are...

Authors

T. van de Flierdt, M. Frank, A. N. Halliday, J.R. Hein, B. Hattendorf, D. Gunther, P.W. Kubik

January 1, 2003

Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: Solid-phase associations and seawater speciation Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: Solid-phase associations and seawater speciation

Marine Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crusts form by precipitation of dissolved components from seawater. Three hydrogenetic crust samples (one phosphatized) and two hydrothermal Mn-oxide samples were subjected to a sequential-leaching procedure in order to determine the host phases of 40 elements. Those host-phase associations are discussed with respect to element speciation in seawater. The...

Authors

A. Koschinsky, J.R. Hein

November 1, 2002