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Michael Eackles (Former Employee)

Science and Products

Individual assignments and microsatellite genotypes for Atlantic Sturgeon from 2021 (ver. 2.0, February 2024)

This dataset includes genotypes and individual-based assignment tests for 868 Atlantic Sturgeon selected for assignment by the National Marine Fisheries Service to meet management requirements under the Endangered Species Act.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetic data for three at-risk tiger beetles Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. d. media, and Ellipsoptera puritana

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 16 collections of tiger beetles (Ellipsoptera puritana) distributed in Connecticut and Maryland, United States and 44 collections of Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis and 14 collections of H. d. media distributed from Massachusetts to Florida, United States.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

SARS-CoV-2 Data from National Wastewater Surveillance System Surge Capacity Sampling, September 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is used to determine the consumption of, or exposure to, chemicals or pathogens in human populations, and is conducted by collecting representative samples of untreated wastewater (influent) to quantify pathogens shed in the population served by the sampled wastewater system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Department of Health an
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Novel genetic resources for Clubshell freshwater mussels (Pleurobema clava, P. oviforme) for enhanced conservation

Here we provide public access to two mitochondrial DNA sequence alignments, multi-locus microsatellite DNA genotypes, morphometric measurements and details on all specimens utilized in Morrison et al., 2021 (In press).
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetic data for flathead catfish from the Susquehanna and Delaware River basins in Pennsylvania and Maryland, USA

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 137 flathead catfish from the Susquehanna River and Delaware River basins in Pennslyvania and Maryland, USA. Each individual was genotyped at 13 loci. Additional information about sex, capture date, and size are also provided for most individuals.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Genotypes of Atlantic Sturgeon collected from Canada to Georgia used in the development of a genetic baseline

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 2510 Atlantic sturgeon from 18 different populations distributed from Canada to Georgia. Each individual was genotyped at 12 loci. Additional information about sex, capture date, and size are also provided.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Using the Smith Root sampler for eDNA collection in Big Pool within Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Park in June, 2023. eDNA will be extracted and sequenced to look for the presence of amphibians. 

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Using the Smith Root sampler for eDNA collection in Big Pool within Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Park in June, 2023. eDNA will be extracted and sequenced to look for the presence of amphibians. 

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.
smallmouth bass plasma extraction
smallmouth bass plasma extraction
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

Dr. Vicki Blazer and Dr. Heather Walsh extracting plasma from smallmouth bass sampled from the South Branch Potomac River.  The plasma will be used for the quantification of vitellogenin (an egg yolk precursor protein used as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in male fish).    

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

Dr. Vicki Blazer and Dr. Heather Walsh extracting plasma from smallmouth bass sampled from the South Branch Potomac River.  The plasma will be used for the quantification of vitellogenin (an egg yolk precursor protein used as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in male fish).    

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Filter Total Items: 18

Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022

Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Atlantic sturgeon) were once abundant and supported large-scale fisheries throughout much of the east coast of the United States. However, historic overharvest and habitat loss resulted in dramatic declines in abundance and eventual listing under the Endangered Species Act of the United States. As part of this listing, Atlantic sturgeon populations were divided int
Authors
Shannon L. White, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Development of a ddPCR assay for the detection of the Smoky Madtom (Noturus baileyi) from eDNA in stream water samples

The Smoky Madtom Noturus baileyi is a federally endangered species, whose native distribution includes lower Abrams Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and Citico Creek in nearby Cherokee National Forest. Due to challenges for bio-monitoring posed by its nocturnality and cryptic life history, an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detection would be useful to complement exi
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Michael S. Eackles, Paul E Super, Matt A. Kulp, Becky J Nichols, Barbara A. Lubinski, Cheryl L. Morrison, Timothy L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Evaluating sources of bias in pedigree-based estimates of breeding population size

Applications of genetic-based estimates of population size are expanding, especially for species for which traditional demographic estimation methods are intractable due to the rarity of adult encounters. Estimates of breeding population size (NS) are particularly amenable to genetic-based approaches as the parameter can be estimated using pedigrees reconstructed from genetic data gathered from di
Authors
Shannon L. White, Nicholas M Sard, Harold M Brundage III, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, Ian A Park, Dewayne A. Fox, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetics of three at-risk tiger beetles Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. d. media, and Ellipsoptera puritana

Many tiger beetles (Family Cicindelidae) are critically imperiled due to their dependence on small patches of suitable habitat that are frequently threatened by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. In the eastern United States, conservation of three tiger beetles - Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. dorsalis media, and Ellipsoptera puritana - has been inhibited by the absence of population
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Aaron Aunins, Shannon L. White, Michael S. Eackles, C. Barry Knisley
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Stock composition of the historical New York Bight Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) intercept fishery revealed through microsatellite analysis of archived spines

A targeted commercial fishery for Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus once operated in the New York Bight, where it was assumed that most harvested Atlantic Sturgeon were natal to the Hudson River population. However, more recent evidence suggests that the fishery may have been targeting a mixed-stock aggregation, in which case harvested Atlantic Sturgeon could have been comprised of
Authors
Shannon L. White, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, David H. Secor, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Optimization of a suite of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) microsatellite markers for understanding the population genetics of introduced populations in the northeast United States

Flathead catfish are rapidly expanding into nonnative waterways throughout the United States. Once established, flathead catfish may cause disruptions to the local ecosystem through consumption and competition with native fishes, including species of conservation concern. Flathead catfish often become a popular sport fish in their introduced range, and so management strategies must frequently bala
Authors
Shannon L. White, Michael S. Eackles, Tyler Wagner, Megan K. Schall, Geoffrey Smith, Julian Avery, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Chesapeake Bay Activities

Establishment of a microsatellite genetic baseline for North American Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser o. oxyrhinchus) and range-wide analysis of population genetics

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a long-lived, anadromous species that is broadly distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Historic overharvest and habitat degradation resulted in significant declines to Atlantic sturgeon populations and, following decades of limited recovery, the species was listed under the Endangered Species Act of the United States in 2012.
Authors
Shannon L. White, David C. Kazyak, Tanya L. Darden, Daniel J. Farrae, Barbara A. Lubinski, Robin L. Johnson, Michael S. Eackles, M Balazik, Hal Brundage, Adam G Fox, Dewayne A. Fox, Chris H Hager, Jason E Kahn, Isaac I Wirgin
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Stock composition of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) encountered in marine and estuarine environments on the U.S. Atlantic Coast

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a large, anadromous fish native to the Atlantic Coast of North America. Although this species once supported important fisheries, centuries of exploitation and habitat degradation have resulted in dramatic declines, presumed extirpation in some rivers, and ultimately listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Under the ESA, Atlantic
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Shannon L. White, Barbara A. Lubinski, Robin L. Johnson, Michael S. Eackles
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning

The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to
Authors
Cheryl Morrison, Nathan A. Johnson, Jess W Jones, Michael S. Eackles, Aaron Aunins, Daniel Bruce Fitzgerald, Eric M. Hallerman, Timothy L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Development of microsatellite markers for three at risk tiger beetles Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis, C. d. media, and C. puritana

ObjectiveTiger beetles inhabiting sandy beaches and cliffs along the east coast of the United States are facing increasing habitat loss due to erosion, urbanization, and sea level rise. The northeastern beach tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis and Puritan tiger beetle Cicindela puritana are both listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, while the white beach tiger beetle
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Michael S. Eackles, David C. Kazyak, Michael Drummond, Tim L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Using advanced population genomics to better understand the relationship between offshore and spawning habitat use for Atlantic Sturgeon

Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) are a large-bodied anadromous fish that historically supported important fisheries along the east coast of the United States. Following years of overharvest and habitat degradation, populations experienced severe declines. In 2012, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Atlantic Sturgeon under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 61 FR 4722). T
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Aaron Aunins, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, Tim L. King
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae)

The freshwater mussels Alasmidonta heterodon and A. varicosa historically inhabited rivers along the North American Atlantic coast from the Carolinas, U.S.A., to New Brunswick, CA. However, many populations have been extirpated, and A. heterodon is now federally listed in the U.S.A. as endangered, and both A. heterodon and A. varicosa are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To facilitate ge
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Cheryl L. Morrison, Heather Galbraith, Michael S. Eackles, W. Bane Schill, Tim L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Science and Products

Individual assignments and microsatellite genotypes for Atlantic Sturgeon from 2021 (ver. 2.0, February 2024)

This dataset includes genotypes and individual-based assignment tests for 868 Atlantic Sturgeon selected for assignment by the National Marine Fisheries Service to meet management requirements under the Endangered Species Act.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetic data for three at-risk tiger beetles Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. d. media, and Ellipsoptera puritana

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 16 collections of tiger beetles (Ellipsoptera puritana) distributed in Connecticut and Maryland, United States and 44 collections of Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis and 14 collections of H. d. media distributed from Massachusetts to Florida, United States.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

SARS-CoV-2 Data from National Wastewater Surveillance System Surge Capacity Sampling, September 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is used to determine the consumption of, or exposure to, chemicals or pathogens in human populations, and is conducted by collecting representative samples of untreated wastewater (influent) to quantify pathogens shed in the population served by the sampled wastewater system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Department of Health an
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Novel genetic resources for Clubshell freshwater mussels (Pleurobema clava, P. oviforme) for enhanced conservation

Here we provide public access to two mitochondrial DNA sequence alignments, multi-locus microsatellite DNA genotypes, morphometric measurements and details on all specimens utilized in Morrison et al., 2021 (In press).
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetic data for flathead catfish from the Susquehanna and Delaware River basins in Pennsylvania and Maryland, USA

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 137 flathead catfish from the Susquehanna River and Delaware River basins in Pennslyvania and Maryland, USA. Each individual was genotyped at 13 loci. Additional information about sex, capture date, and size are also provided for most individuals.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Genotypes of Atlantic Sturgeon collected from Canada to Georgia used in the development of a genetic baseline

This dataset includes microsatellite genotypes for 2510 Atlantic sturgeon from 18 different populations distributed from Canada to Georgia. Each individual was genotyped at 12 loci. Additional information about sex, capture date, and size are also provided.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Using the Smith Root sampler for eDNA collection in Big Pool within Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Park in June, 2023. eDNA will be extracted and sequenced to look for the presence of amphibians. 

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park.

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Sampling for eDNA at Big Pool in CHOH National Park

Using the Smith Root sampler for eDNA collection in Big Pool within Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Park in June, 2023. eDNA will be extracted and sequenced to look for the presence of amphibians. 

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.
smallmouth bass plasma extraction
smallmouth bass plasma extraction
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

Dr. Vicki Blazer and Dr. Heather Walsh extracting plasma from smallmouth bass sampled from the South Branch Potomac River.  The plasma will be used for the quantification of vitellogenin (an egg yolk precursor protein used as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in male fish).    

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Two scientists wearing masks stand at a lab bench pipetting specimen tubes.

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

smallmouth bass plasma extraction

Dr. Vicki Blazer and Dr. Heather Walsh extracting plasma from smallmouth bass sampled from the South Branch Potomac River.  The plasma will be used for the quantification of vitellogenin (an egg yolk precursor protein used as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in male fish).    

By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Filter Total Items: 18

Genetic population assignments of Atlantic sturgeon provided to National Marine Fisheries Service, 2022

Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Atlantic sturgeon) were once abundant and supported large-scale fisheries throughout much of the east coast of the United States. However, historic overharvest and habitat loss resulted in dramatic declines in abundance and eventual listing under the Endangered Species Act of the United States. As part of this listing, Atlantic sturgeon populations were divided int
Authors
Shannon L. White, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Development of a ddPCR assay for the detection of the Smoky Madtom (Noturus baileyi) from eDNA in stream water samples

The Smoky Madtom Noturus baileyi is a federally endangered species, whose native distribution includes lower Abrams Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and Citico Creek in nearby Cherokee National Forest. Due to challenges for bio-monitoring posed by its nocturnality and cryptic life history, an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detection would be useful to complement exi
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Michael S. Eackles, Paul E Super, Matt A. Kulp, Becky J Nichols, Barbara A. Lubinski, Cheryl L. Morrison, Timothy L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Evaluating sources of bias in pedigree-based estimates of breeding population size

Applications of genetic-based estimates of population size are expanding, especially for species for which traditional demographic estimation methods are intractable due to the rarity of adult encounters. Estimates of breeding population size (NS) are particularly amenable to genetic-based approaches as the parameter can be estimated using pedigrees reconstructed from genetic data gathered from di
Authors
Shannon L. White, Nicholas M Sard, Harold M Brundage III, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, Ian A Park, Dewayne A. Fox, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Population genetics of three at-risk tiger beetles Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. d. media, and Ellipsoptera puritana

Many tiger beetles (Family Cicindelidae) are critically imperiled due to their dependence on small patches of suitable habitat that are frequently threatened by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. In the eastern United States, conservation of three tiger beetles - Habroscelimorpha dorsalis dorsalis, H. dorsalis media, and Ellipsoptera puritana - has been inhibited by the absence of population
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Aaron Aunins, Shannon L. White, Michael S. Eackles, C. Barry Knisley
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Stock composition of the historical New York Bight Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) intercept fishery revealed through microsatellite analysis of archived spines

A targeted commercial fishery for Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus once operated in the New York Bight, where it was assumed that most harvested Atlantic Sturgeon were natal to the Hudson River population. However, more recent evidence suggests that the fishery may have been targeting a mixed-stock aggregation, in which case harvested Atlantic Sturgeon could have been comprised of
Authors
Shannon L. White, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, David H. Secor, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Optimization of a suite of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) microsatellite markers for understanding the population genetics of introduced populations in the northeast United States

Flathead catfish are rapidly expanding into nonnative waterways throughout the United States. Once established, flathead catfish may cause disruptions to the local ecosystem through consumption and competition with native fishes, including species of conservation concern. Flathead catfish often become a popular sport fish in their introduced range, and so management strategies must frequently bala
Authors
Shannon L. White, Michael S. Eackles, Tyler Wagner, Megan K. Schall, Geoffrey Smith, Julian Avery, David C. Kazyak
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, Chesapeake Bay Activities

Establishment of a microsatellite genetic baseline for North American Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser o. oxyrhinchus) and range-wide analysis of population genetics

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a long-lived, anadromous species that is broadly distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Historic overharvest and habitat degradation resulted in significant declines to Atlantic sturgeon populations and, following decades of limited recovery, the species was listed under the Endangered Species Act of the United States in 2012.
Authors
Shannon L. White, David C. Kazyak, Tanya L. Darden, Daniel J. Farrae, Barbara A. Lubinski, Robin L. Johnson, Michael S. Eackles, M Balazik, Hal Brundage, Adam G Fox, Dewayne A. Fox, Chris H Hager, Jason E Kahn, Isaac I Wirgin
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Stock composition of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) encountered in marine and estuarine environments on the U.S. Atlantic Coast

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is a large, anadromous fish native to the Atlantic Coast of North America. Although this species once supported important fisheries, centuries of exploitation and habitat degradation have resulted in dramatic declines, presumed extirpation in some rivers, and ultimately listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Under the ESA, Atlantic
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Shannon L. White, Barbara A. Lubinski, Robin L. Johnson, Michael S. Eackles
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning

The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to
Authors
Cheryl Morrison, Nathan A. Johnson, Jess W Jones, Michael S. Eackles, Aaron Aunins, Daniel Bruce Fitzgerald, Eric M. Hallerman, Timothy L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Development of microsatellite markers for three at risk tiger beetles Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis, C. d. media, and C. puritana

ObjectiveTiger beetles inhabiting sandy beaches and cliffs along the east coast of the United States are facing increasing habitat loss due to erosion, urbanization, and sea level rise. The northeastern beach tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis and Puritan tiger beetle Cicindela puritana are both listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, while the white beach tiger beetle
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Michael S. Eackles, David C. Kazyak, Michael Drummond, Tim L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Using advanced population genomics to better understand the relationship between offshore and spawning habitat use for Atlantic Sturgeon

Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) are a large-bodied anadromous fish that historically supported important fisheries along the east coast of the United States. Following years of overharvest and habitat degradation, populations experienced severe declines. In 2012, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed Atlantic Sturgeon under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 61 FR 4722). T
Authors
David C. Kazyak, Aaron Aunins, Robin L. Johnson, Barbara A. Lubinski, Michael S. Eackles, Tim L. King
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: Alasmidonta heterodon and Alasmidonta varicosa (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae)

The freshwater mussels Alasmidonta heterodon and A. varicosa historically inhabited rivers along the North American Atlantic coast from the Carolinas, U.S.A., to New Brunswick, CA. However, many populations have been extirpated, and A. heterodon is now federally listed in the U.S.A. as endangered, and both A. heterodon and A. varicosa are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To facilitate ge
Authors
Aaron Aunins, Cheryl L. Morrison, Heather Galbraith, Michael S. Eackles, W. Bane Schill, Tim L. King
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
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