Michael Focazio, PhD (Former Employee)

Shallow ground waters in northern climates often have temperatures below 10° Celsius (C) [50° Fahrenheit (F)] during the winter season. The ability of microorganisms to degrade contaminants under these conditions has long been questioned by the scientific community because microbial activity often decreases with decreasing temperatures and because rates of biodegradation typically are assumed to...

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and is widely used to control weeds in both agricultural fields and in urban and suburban settings. In 2002, USGS scientists sampled the wastewater discharged into streams from 10 wastewater treatment plants. Although the observed concentrations were small, these results are the first to demonstrate that the discharge from wastewater...

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists completed a variety of groundbreaking studies on the occurrence, fate, and transport of triazine herbicides and their degradates throughout the 1990s. The results of these studies have been summarized and condensed into a USGS report and a book chapter providing, for the first time, a comprehensive snapshot of a decade of this research.

Since the late 1990s, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted an Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Initiative. The initiative provides technical assistance to support actions by Federal Land Management Agencies in the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to remediate contamination associated with abandoned hard-rock mining sites. Acid drainage and toxic...

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists have discovered that rainwater recharging the water table above petroleum contamination plumes affects how plumes grow and the rate that petroleum products (in this case crude oil) degrade and weather in ground water. The amount of recharge affects the migration of oil in the subsurface, how chemicals dissolve from the oil into ground water, and the...

Researchers with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently investigated 51 streams in nine Midwestern States to determine the presence of a wide range of herbicides, their degradation byproducts and antibiotics. Herbicides were detected in most water samples, which were collected to coincide with runoff events following herbicide application, but antibiotics were detected in only 1 percent of the...

The USGS's National Reconnaissance of Pharmaceuticals in U.S. Streams is making an impact in the scientific and regulatory communities.

Discover Magazine has named the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's "National Reconnaissance of Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Streams" as one of the 100 top science stories of 2002.