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Sarah K Schoen

Population and community ecology, foraging biology, conservation, biogeography, animal behavior, food webs, and experiential education.

Professional Experience

  • 2022 – Present Biologist - U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK

  • 2012  – 2022    Wildlife Biologist - U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK

  • 2009 – 2012     Wildlife Biologist - Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Juneau, AK

  • 2005 – 2006     Research Technician - Zoology - Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK

  • 2004 – 2005     Environmental Scientist - HDR Alaska, Inc., Anchorage, AK

Education and Certifications

  • M.S. 2008 Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID Biology

  • B.A. 2004 Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA Biology/Environmental Studies

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Member, Pacific Seabird Group

  • Member, Kittlitz's Murrelet Technical Committee

  • Member, The Wildlife Society

Science and Products

Below are other science projects associated with this project.

A Tufted Puffin swimming in the sea in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Management Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
Learn More
Arctic Terns in Cook Inlet, flying over bullwhip kelp on the surface of the water, Alaska

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
Learn More
NPPSD illustration

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
Learn More
A juvenile Marbled Murrelet near Gull Island in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Available here are tracking data for the Marbled Murrelet, a seabird species that forages in coastal marine waters and nests in old-growth forests of Alaska, Canada, and the western United States.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center
Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Available here are tracking data for the Marbled Murrelet, a seabird species that forages in coastal marine waters and nests in old-growth forests of Alaska, Canada, and the western United States.
Learn More
Many types of small fish laid out on the table for counting

Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
Learn More
A bucket of the trawl catch of forage fish

Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
By
Alaska Science Center
Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
Learn More
Dead birds on the beach

Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
By
Alaska Science Center
Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
Learn More
2 Black-legged Kittiwakes, one captured Pacific sand lance

Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
Learn More
Common Murre on the water in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
Learn More
Pacific sand lance in a sieve from a purse seine in Prince William Sound

Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
Learn More
NPPSD V3 Map showing sum of area sampled 2013-2019

NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
By
Alaska Science Center
NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
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Below are data or web applications associated with this project.

Lower Cook Inlet Fish and Invertebrate Community Composition, Distribution, and Density Lower Cook Inlet Fish and Invertebrate Community Composition, Distribution, and Density

This data package includes seven tables with data about the composition, distribution, relative abundance, seasonal availability, energy density, morphometrics, taxonomy, and stable isotope values of benthic fish and invertebrates, as well as oceanographic data within the proposed oil and gas lease sale area in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Natal Origin of Juvenile Salmon Collected on Middleton Island, Alaska, 2010-2024 Natal Origin of Juvenile Salmon Collected on Middleton Island, Alaska, 2010-2024

This dataset provides origin (hatchery vs. wild) and energy density (kJ g-1) of juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) from the eastern Gulf of Alaska, 2010–2024. Juvenile salmon were sampled from rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) diets on Middleton Island (59.4375 N, 146.3277 W) located near the continental shelf break in the Gulf of Alaska. Auklets...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Data from the Capture and Collection of Non Die-off Seabirds Across Alaska Data from the Capture and Collection of Non Die-off Seabirds Across Alaska

This data package contains one table with morphometric and diet information for "non-die-off" seabirds captured and collected in southcentral and southwest Alaska. Data pertains to birds captured (live) or collected (lethally) including, bird identification numbers, sampling dates, geographic locations, body measurements, diets (from either stomach contents or regurgitated prey), and sex...
By
Alaska Science Center

SeaLog SeaLog

SeaLog is a robust data-logging application designed to collect at-sea data of marine birds and mammals. This software was developed collaboratively with the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and ABR, Inc. SeaLog is Windows 10 compatible, is highly customizable, and provides user designed maps to allow visual feedback of observations.
By
Alaska Science Center

Gridded Seabird Density Estimates in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska Gridded Seabird Density Estimates in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

This data set provides monthly (March-October) gridded density estimates for seabirds in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Gridded density estimates were produced by applying spatiotemporal modeling of at-sea survey data collected between 1975 and 2021 of seabird at-sea surveys available in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD; Drew and Piatt 2015). We modeled joint dynamic species
By
Alaska Science Center

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Seabirds, Forage Fish, and Marine Invertebrates Across Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Seabirds, Forage Fish, and Marine Invertebrates Across Alaska

This dataset contains screening results for harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA) in birds, fish, and invertebrates. Samples collected by the USGS, or submitted by partners and stakeholders, were screened using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A subset of samples with detectable STX levels were subsequently analyzed using...
By
Alaska Science Center

Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

This data release is composed of seven datasets regarding colonial seabirds and forage fish at two seabird nesting colonies on Gull and Chisik Islands in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. These data were collected to detect changes in the breeding population of Black-legged Kittiwakes and Common Murres on two nesting colonies in lower Cook Inlet and to compare those counts to baseline counts...
By
Alaska Science Center

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) is maintained by the USGS Alaska Science Center and includes survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The data provided here relate to observations of marine birds and mammals observed during at-sea surveys throughout the North Pacific including the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea...
By
Alaska Science Center

SUPERSEDED: Data Associated with Algal Toxin Testing of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and Forage Fish in Alaska, 2015–2017 SUPERSEDED: Data Associated with Algal Toxin Testing of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and Forage Fish in Alaska, 2015–2017

This data release has been SUPERSEDED. No data are provided here. Data from HABs sampling data releases have been appended to U.S. Geological Survey data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MLNP9H. This data set is comprised of two tables with results of algal toxin screening for saxitoxin and domoic acid. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid...
By
Alaska Science Center

Data from Common Murre Die-off Surveys and Necropsies Following the North Pacific Marine Heatwave, 2015-2016 Data from Common Murre Die-off Surveys and Necropsies Following the North Pacific Marine Heatwave, 2015-2016

These data are in two tables relating to a die-off of Common Murres in the north Pacific, 2015-2016. The tables provide: 1) beach survey locations, date, time, distance surveyed (kilometers), and number of Common Murre carcasses observed during surveys conducted along the coastline of Alaska to document the 2015-2016 die-off of Common Murres coincident with the North Pacific marine...
By
Alaska Science Center

Pacific Sand Lance Energy Density, Length, and Age, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2012-2016 Pacific Sand Lance Energy Density, Length, and Age, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2012-2016

This data set documents the age, length, dry mass energy density, and dry mass of age-0 and age-1 Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) captured in Prince William Sound Alaska each July from 2012 to 2016.
By
Alaska Science Center

Marine ecology near Tufted Puffin colonies across the Aleutian Archipelago and Alaska Peninsula, 2012-2014 Marine ecology near Tufted Puffin colonies across the Aleutian Archipelago and Alaska Peninsula, 2012-2014

In the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea between August 2012-2014, data were collected on sea surface temperature and salinity data, marine bird and mammal surveys, hydroacoustic backscatter data, marine environment surrounding Tufted Puffin colonies, and body condition and diets of Tufted Puffin chicks.
By
Alaska Science Center

Below are the media items associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 134
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound
Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska
Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound
Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska
Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant flying over the Aleutian Islands in 2013.

By
Alaska Science Center
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant flying over the Aleutian Islands in 2013.

By
Alaska Science Center
Gull flying
Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Gull flying

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Gull flying

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.
Columbia Glacier
Columbia Glacier
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.

Columbia Glacier

Columbia Glacier

Kittlitz’s Murrelets are often found in higher numbers near glaciers like the Columbia Glacier in Prince William Sound, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.

Columbia Glacier

Columbia Glacier

Kittlitz’s Murrelets are often found in higher numbers near glaciers like the Columbia Glacier in Prince William Sound, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing
Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center, Alaska Science Center
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center, Alaska Science Center
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.
R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska
R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

A view of the R/V Alaskan Gyre with a glacier in the background in Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

A view of the R/V Alaskan Gyre with a glacier in the background in Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

By
Alaska Science Center
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

By
Alaska Science Center

Below are the publications associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 16

Paralytic shellfish toxins and seabirds: Evaluating sublethal effects, behavioral responses, and ecological implications of saxitoxin ingestion by common murres (Uria aalge) Paralytic shellfish toxins and seabirds: Evaluating sublethal effects, behavioral responses, and ecological implications of saxitoxin ingestion by common murres (Uria aalge)

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), including saxitoxin (STX) and its congeners, are neurotoxins that can be produced during harmful algal blooms and cause illness or death in humans, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Since 2014, multiple large-scale seabird mortality events have occurred in Alaska waters, with STXs detected in some carcasses. To investigate the sublethal behavioral and
Authors
Matthew M. Smith, Robert J. Dusek, Tuula E. Hollmen, Sarah K. Schoen, Caroline R. Van Hemert, Kristen Steinmetzer, Aidan Lee, Jenna Schlenner, Vijay P. Patil, D. Ransom Hardison, David Kulis, Donald M. Anderson, Clark D. Ridge, Sherwood Hall
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Predator disturbance contributed to Common Murre Uria aalge breeding failures in Cook Inlet, Alaska following the 2014–2016 Pacific marine heatwave Predator disturbance contributed to Common Murre Uria aalge breeding failures in Cook Inlet, Alaska following the 2014–2016 Pacific marine heatwave

The 2014-2016 Pacific marine heatwave caused unprecedented die-offs and multi-year reproductive failures for Common Murres Uria aalge along the west coast of North America. Lingering impacts, such as declines in colony attendance and productivity, have persisted at some colonies following the heatwave and are attributed largely to changes in prey availability and quality. Here, we...
Authors
Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Sarah K. Schoen, Samuel B Stark, John F. Piatt
By
Alaska Science Center

Lingering impacts of the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave on seabird demography in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA) Lingering impacts of the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave on seabird demography in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA)

A protracted period (2014-2016) of anomalously warm water in the northeast Pacific Ocean precipitated an extensive die-off of common murres Uria aalge (hereafter ‘murres’) during 2015-2016, accompanied by reduced colony attendance and reproductive success of murres and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (‘kittiwakes’) starting in 2015. Most murres died of starvation following a...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea

Introduction: Seabirds are abundant, conspicuous members of marine ecosystems worldwide. Synthesis of distribution data compiled over time is required to address regional management issues and understand ecosystem change. Major challenges when estimating seabird densities at sea arise from variability in dispersion of the birds, sampling effort over time and space, and differences in...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, James Thorson, Kathy Kuletz, Gary Drew, Sarah K. Schoen, Dan Cushing, Caitlin Kroeger, William Sydeman
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Melanism in a Common Murre Uria aalge in Kachemak Bay, Alaska Melanism in a Common Murre Uria aalge in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

In accord with melanism being uncommon in birds, we could find only six published records of completely melanistic Common Murres Uria aalge, one of the most widely and intensively studied of all seabirds. We added to the record by observing a Common Murre in completely dark, melanistic alternate plumage every summer from 2017 to 2021 at Gull Island in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, USA. In 2017...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Brielle M. Heflin
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska

Harmful algal blooms produce biotoxins that can injure or kill fish, wildlife, and humans. These blooms occur naturally but have intensified in many locations globally due to recent climatic changes, including ocean warming. Such changes are especially pronounced in northern regions, where the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) on marine wildlife are of growing concern. In...
Authors
Caroline R. Van Hemert, John Harley, Gwen Baluss, Matthew M. Smith, Robert J. Dusek, Julia S. Lankton, D. Ransom Hardison, Sarah K. Schoen, Robert Kaler
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Alaska Science Center

Another bad year for seabirds on Gull Island Another bad year for seabirds on Gull Island

The USGS monitored Black-legged Kittiwake and Common Murre populations on Gull Island from 1995-1999, and from 2016-2021, following the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave. USGS research, which is supported by the USGS and BOEM, includes population monitoring, and quantifying breeding success and predator disturbances. This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt, Mayumi L. Arimitsu
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Kittlitz’s murrelet seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean Kittlitz’s murrelet seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean

Kittlitz’s Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nest during summer in glaciated or recently deglaciated (post-Wisconsin) landscapes. They forage in adjacent marine waters, especially those influenced by glacial meltwater. Little is known of their movements and distribution outside the breeding season. To identify post-breeding migrations of murrelets, we attached satellite transmitters...
Authors
John F. Piatt, David C. Douglas, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Michelle Kissling, Erica N. Madison, Sarah K. Schoen, Kathy J. Kuletz, Gary S. Drew
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet

Following the North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016 and associated extreme die-off of seabirds in the winter of 2015-2016, we repeated historical marine bird and forage fish surveys around two seabird colonies (Gull Island, Chisik Island) in lower Cook Inlet during 2016-2019 in order to document immediate and lingering impacts of the heatwave on resident fish and seabird populations...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Sarah K. Schoen, John F. Piatt, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Gary S. Drew
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Reduced quality and synchronous collapse of forage species disrupts trophic transfer during a prolonged marine heatwave Reduced quality and synchronous collapse of forage species disrupts trophic transfer during a prolonged marine heatwave

The Gulf of Alaska forage fish community includes a few key species that differ markedly in their timing of spawning, somatic growth and lipid storage, and in their migration behavior. This diversity in life history strategies facilitates resilience in marine food webs because it buffers predators against the naturally high variance in abundance of pelagic forage fish populations by...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Scott Hatch, Rob Suryan, Sonia Batten, Mary Anne Bishop, Rob Campbell, Heather Coletti, Dan Cushing, Kristen Gorman, Stormy Haught, Russell Hopcroft, Kathy Kuletz, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Caitlin McKinstry, David McGowan, John Moran, R. Scott Pegau, Anne Schaefer, Sarah K. Schoen, Jan Straley, Vanessa R. von Biela
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center

Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators

During the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016, abundance and quality of several key forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska were simultaneously reduced throughout the system. Capelin (Mallotus catervarius), sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), and herring (Clupea pallasii) populations were at historically low levels, and within this community abrupt declines in portfolio effects...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Scott Hatch, Robert M. Suryan, Sonia Batten, Mary Anne Bishop, Rob W. Campbell, Heather Coletti, Dan Cushing, Kristen Gorman, Russell R. Hopcroft, Kathy J. Kuletz, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Caitlin McKinstry, David McGowan, John Moran, W. Scott Pegau, Anne Schaefer, Sarah K. Schoen, Jan Straley, Vanessa R. von Biela
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Seabird synthesis Seabird synthesis

Overall, the status of seabirds was fair to good in the WGOA in 2020, with limited data available from Middleton Island, Cook Inlet, and the Kodiak Archipelago (Figure 63). Colony attendance remains low in some populations compared to historic levels, and some colonies were newly abandoned. However, when birds did arrive to breed, reproductive success generally appeared fair to good for...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Hillary K. Burgess, Robin Corcoran, Scott Hatch, Tim Jones, Jackie Lindsey, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt, Sarah K. Schoen
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Schoen, S.K., Kissling, M.L., Hatch, N.R., Shanley, C.S., Stephensen, S.W., Jansen, J.K., Catterson, N.T. & Oehlers, S.A. 2013. Marine birds of Yakutat Bay, Alaska: evaluating summer distribution, abundance, and threats at sea. Marine Ornithology 41:55-61.
Kissling, M.L, Lukacs, P.M., Lewis, S.B., Gende, S.M., Kuletz, K.J., Hatch, N.R., Schoen, S.K., & Oehlers, S. 2011. Distribution and abundance of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in select areas of southeastern Alaska. Marine Ornithology 39:3-11.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database Visualization Tool North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database Visualization Tool

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) is maintained by the USGS ASC and includes survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The USGS developed a R Shiny application to facilitate viewing and filtering the NPPSD using an interactive leaflet map.
By
Alaska Science Center

Below are news items associated with this project.

Science and Products

Below are other science projects associated with this project.

A Tufted Puffin swimming in the sea in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Management Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology

Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
Learn More
Arctic Terns in Cook Inlet, flying over bullwhip kelp on the surface of the water, Alaska

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds

Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
Learn More
NPPSD illustration

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
Learn More
A juvenile Marbled Murrelet near Gull Island in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Available here are tracking data for the Marbled Murrelet, a seabird species that forages in coastal marine waters and nests in old-growth forests of Alaska, Canada, and the western United States.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center
Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Tracking Data for Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)

Available here are tracking data for the Marbled Murrelet, a seabird species that forages in coastal marine waters and nests in old-growth forests of Alaska, Canada, and the western United States.
Learn More
Many types of small fish laid out on the table for counting

Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
Learn More
A bucket of the trawl catch of forage fish

Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
By
Alaska Science Center
Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems

Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
Learn More
Dead birds on the beach

Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
By
Alaska Science Center
Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Seabird Die-offs in Alaska

Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
Learn More
2 Black-legged Kittiwakes, one captured Pacific sand lance

Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study

A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
Learn More
Common Murre on the water in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
Learn More
Pacific sand lance in a sieve from a purse seine in Prince William Sound

Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
By
Species Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center
Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave

Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
Learn More
NPPSD V3 Map showing sum of area sampled 2013-2019

NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
By
Alaska Science Center
NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps

Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
Learn More

Below are data or web applications associated with this project.

Lower Cook Inlet Fish and Invertebrate Community Composition, Distribution, and Density Lower Cook Inlet Fish and Invertebrate Community Composition, Distribution, and Density

This data package includes seven tables with data about the composition, distribution, relative abundance, seasonal availability, energy density, morphometrics, taxonomy, and stable isotope values of benthic fish and invertebrates, as well as oceanographic data within the proposed oil and gas lease sale area in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Natal Origin of Juvenile Salmon Collected on Middleton Island, Alaska, 2010-2024 Natal Origin of Juvenile Salmon Collected on Middleton Island, Alaska, 2010-2024

This dataset provides origin (hatchery vs. wild) and energy density (kJ g-1) of juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) from the eastern Gulf of Alaska, 2010–2024. Juvenile salmon were sampled from rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) diets on Middleton Island (59.4375 N, 146.3277 W) located near the continental shelf break in the Gulf of Alaska. Auklets...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Data from the Capture and Collection of Non Die-off Seabirds Across Alaska Data from the Capture and Collection of Non Die-off Seabirds Across Alaska

This data package contains one table with morphometric and diet information for "non-die-off" seabirds captured and collected in southcentral and southwest Alaska. Data pertains to birds captured (live) or collected (lethally) including, bird identification numbers, sampling dates, geographic locations, body measurements, diets (from either stomach contents or regurgitated prey), and sex...
By
Alaska Science Center

SeaLog SeaLog

SeaLog is a robust data-logging application designed to collect at-sea data of marine birds and mammals. This software was developed collaboratively with the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and ABR, Inc. SeaLog is Windows 10 compatible, is highly customizable, and provides user designed maps to allow visual feedback of observations.
By
Alaska Science Center

Gridded Seabird Density Estimates in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska Gridded Seabird Density Estimates in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

This data set provides monthly (March-October) gridded density estimates for seabirds in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Gridded density estimates were produced by applying spatiotemporal modeling of at-sea survey data collected between 1975 and 2021 of seabird at-sea surveys available in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD; Drew and Piatt 2015). We modeled joint dynamic species
By
Alaska Science Center

Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Seabirds, Forage Fish, and Marine Invertebrates Across Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Seabirds, Forage Fish, and Marine Invertebrates Across Alaska

This dataset contains screening results for harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA) in birds, fish, and invertebrates. Samples collected by the USGS, or submitted by partners and stakeholders, were screened using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A subset of samples with detectable STX levels were subsequently analyzed using...
By
Alaska Science Center

Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska

This data release is composed of seven datasets regarding colonial seabirds and forage fish at two seabird nesting colonies on Gull and Chisik Islands in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. These data were collected to detect changes in the breeding population of Black-legged Kittiwakes and Common Murres on two nesting colonies in lower Cook Inlet and to compare those counts to baseline counts...
By
Alaska Science Center

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) is maintained by the USGS Alaska Science Center and includes survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The data provided here relate to observations of marine birds and mammals observed during at-sea surveys throughout the North Pacific including the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea...
By
Alaska Science Center

SUPERSEDED: Data Associated with Algal Toxin Testing of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and Forage Fish in Alaska, 2015–2017 SUPERSEDED: Data Associated with Algal Toxin Testing of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and Forage Fish in Alaska, 2015–2017

This data release has been SUPERSEDED. No data are provided here. Data from HABs sampling data releases have been appended to U.S. Geological Survey data release: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MLNP9H. This data set is comprised of two tables with results of algal toxin screening for saxitoxin and domoic acid. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid...
By
Alaska Science Center

Data from Common Murre Die-off Surveys and Necropsies Following the North Pacific Marine Heatwave, 2015-2016 Data from Common Murre Die-off Surveys and Necropsies Following the North Pacific Marine Heatwave, 2015-2016

These data are in two tables relating to a die-off of Common Murres in the north Pacific, 2015-2016. The tables provide: 1) beach survey locations, date, time, distance surveyed (kilometers), and number of Common Murre carcasses observed during surveys conducted along the coastline of Alaska to document the 2015-2016 die-off of Common Murres coincident with the North Pacific marine...
By
Alaska Science Center

Pacific Sand Lance Energy Density, Length, and Age, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2012-2016 Pacific Sand Lance Energy Density, Length, and Age, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 2012-2016

This data set documents the age, length, dry mass energy density, and dry mass of age-0 and age-1 Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) captured in Prince William Sound Alaska each July from 2012 to 2016.
By
Alaska Science Center

Marine ecology near Tufted Puffin colonies across the Aleutian Archipelago and Alaska Peninsula, 2012-2014 Marine ecology near Tufted Puffin colonies across the Aleutian Archipelago and Alaska Peninsula, 2012-2014

In the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea between August 2012-2014, data were collected on sea surface temperature and salinity data, marine bird and mammal surveys, hydroacoustic backscatter data, marine environment surrounding Tufted Puffin colonies, and body condition and diets of Tufted Puffin chicks.
By
Alaska Science Center

Below are the media items associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 134
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound
Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska
Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

Scenic Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the mountains and the ocean in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound
Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska
Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
A view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

Beautiful Prince William Sound, Alaska

A scenic view of the sea and the mountains in Prince William Sound

By
Alaska Science Center
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant flying over the Aleutian Islands in 2013.

By
Alaska Science Center
Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant on the Aleutian Islands

Red-faced Cormorant flying over the Aleutian Islands in 2013.

By
Alaska Science Center
Gull flying
Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Gull flying

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Gull flying

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Glaucous-winged Gull flying near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.
Columbia Glacier
Columbia Glacier
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.

Columbia Glacier

Columbia Glacier

Kittlitz’s Murrelets are often found in higher numbers near glaciers like the Columbia Glacier in Prince William Sound, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
Photo of Columbia Glacier. Habitat for Kittlitz’s Murrelets.

Columbia Glacier

Columbia Glacier

Kittlitz’s Murrelets are often found in higher numbers near glaciers like the Columbia Glacier in Prince William Sound, Alaska

By
Alaska Science Center
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing
Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center, Alaska Science Center
A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfacing

A Kittlitz’s Murrelet surfaces after a foraging dive in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center, Alaska Science Center
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.
R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska
R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

A view of the R/V Alaskan Gyre with a glacier in the background in Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center
USGS research vessel in from of blue tidewater glacier. Green covered mountain in background with blue sky.

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

R/V Alaskan Gyre research vessel in Prince William Sound, Alaska

A view of the R/V Alaskan Gyre with a glacier in the background in Harriman Fjord in Prince William Sound, Alaska.

By
Alaska Science Center
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

By
Alaska Science Center
Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting forage fish on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

Mayumi Arimitsu sorting through fish caught in the mid-water trawl on the R/V Alaskan Gyre

By
Alaska Science Center

Below are the publications associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 16

Paralytic shellfish toxins and seabirds: Evaluating sublethal effects, behavioral responses, and ecological implications of saxitoxin ingestion by common murres (Uria aalge) Paralytic shellfish toxins and seabirds: Evaluating sublethal effects, behavioral responses, and ecological implications of saxitoxin ingestion by common murres (Uria aalge)

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), including saxitoxin (STX) and its congeners, are neurotoxins that can be produced during harmful algal blooms and cause illness or death in humans, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Since 2014, multiple large-scale seabird mortality events have occurred in Alaska waters, with STXs detected in some carcasses. To investigate the sublethal behavioral and
Authors
Matthew M. Smith, Robert J. Dusek, Tuula E. Hollmen, Sarah K. Schoen, Caroline R. Van Hemert, Kristen Steinmetzer, Aidan Lee, Jenna Schlenner, Vijay P. Patil, D. Ransom Hardison, David Kulis, Donald M. Anderson, Clark D. Ridge, Sherwood Hall
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Predator disturbance contributed to Common Murre Uria aalge breeding failures in Cook Inlet, Alaska following the 2014–2016 Pacific marine heatwave Predator disturbance contributed to Common Murre Uria aalge breeding failures in Cook Inlet, Alaska following the 2014–2016 Pacific marine heatwave

The 2014-2016 Pacific marine heatwave caused unprecedented die-offs and multi-year reproductive failures for Common Murres Uria aalge along the west coast of North America. Lingering impacts, such as declines in colony attendance and productivity, have persisted at some colonies following the heatwave and are attributed largely to changes in prey availability and quality. Here, we...
Authors
Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Sarah K. Schoen, Samuel B Stark, John F. Piatt
By
Alaska Science Center

Lingering impacts of the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave on seabird demography in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA) Lingering impacts of the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave on seabird demography in Cook Inlet, Alaska (USA)

A protracted period (2014-2016) of anomalously warm water in the northeast Pacific Ocean precipitated an extensive die-off of common murres Uria aalge (hereafter ‘murres’) during 2015-2016, accompanied by reduced colony attendance and reproductive success of murres and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (‘kittiwakes’) starting in 2015. Most murres died of starvation following a...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea

Introduction: Seabirds are abundant, conspicuous members of marine ecosystems worldwide. Synthesis of distribution data compiled over time is required to address regional management issues and understand ecosystem change. Major challenges when estimating seabird densities at sea arise from variability in dispersion of the birds, sampling effort over time and space, and differences in...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, James Thorson, Kathy Kuletz, Gary Drew, Sarah K. Schoen, Dan Cushing, Caitlin Kroeger, William Sydeman
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Melanism in a Common Murre Uria aalge in Kachemak Bay, Alaska Melanism in a Common Murre Uria aalge in Kachemak Bay, Alaska

In accord with melanism being uncommon in birds, we could find only six published records of completely melanistic Common Murres Uria aalge, one of the most widely and intensively studied of all seabirds. We added to the record by observing a Common Murre in completely dark, melanistic alternate plumage every summer from 2017 to 2021 at Gull Island in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, USA. In 2017...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Brielle M. Heflin
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska

Harmful algal blooms produce biotoxins that can injure or kill fish, wildlife, and humans. These blooms occur naturally but have intensified in many locations globally due to recent climatic changes, including ocean warming. Such changes are especially pronounced in northern regions, where the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) on marine wildlife are of growing concern. In...
Authors
Caroline R. Van Hemert, John Harley, Gwen Baluss, Matthew M. Smith, Robert J. Dusek, Julia S. Lankton, D. Ransom Hardison, Sarah K. Schoen, Robert Kaler
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Alaska Science Center

Another bad year for seabirds on Gull Island Another bad year for seabirds on Gull Island

The USGS monitored Black-legged Kittiwake and Common Murre populations on Gull Island from 1995-1999, and from 2016-2021, following the 2014-2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave. USGS research, which is supported by the USGS and BOEM, includes population monitoring, and quantifying breeding success and predator disturbances. This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject...
Authors
Sarah K. Schoen, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt, Mayumi L. Arimitsu
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Kittlitz’s murrelet seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean Kittlitz’s murrelet seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean

Kittlitz’s Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nest during summer in glaciated or recently deglaciated (post-Wisconsin) landscapes. They forage in adjacent marine waters, especially those influenced by glacial meltwater. Little is known of their movements and distribution outside the breeding season. To identify post-breeding migrations of murrelets, we attached satellite transmitters...
Authors
John F. Piatt, David C. Douglas, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Michelle Kissling, Erica N. Madison, Sarah K. Schoen, Kathy J. Kuletz, Gary S. Drew
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet

Following the North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016 and associated extreme die-off of seabirds in the winter of 2015-2016, we repeated historical marine bird and forage fish surveys around two seabird colonies (Gull Island, Chisik Island) in lower Cook Inlet during 2016-2019 in order to document immediate and lingering impacts of the heatwave on resident fish and seabird populations...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Sarah K. Schoen, John F. Piatt, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Gary S. Drew
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Reduced quality and synchronous collapse of forage species disrupts trophic transfer during a prolonged marine heatwave Reduced quality and synchronous collapse of forage species disrupts trophic transfer during a prolonged marine heatwave

The Gulf of Alaska forage fish community includes a few key species that differ markedly in their timing of spawning, somatic growth and lipid storage, and in their migration behavior. This diversity in life history strategies facilitates resilience in marine food webs because it buffers predators against the naturally high variance in abundance of pelagic forage fish populations by...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Scott Hatch, Rob Suryan, Sonia Batten, Mary Anne Bishop, Rob Campbell, Heather Coletti, Dan Cushing, Kristen Gorman, Stormy Haught, Russell Hopcroft, Kathy Kuletz, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Caitlin McKinstry, David McGowan, John Moran, R. Scott Pegau, Anne Schaefer, Sarah K. Schoen, Jan Straley, Vanessa R. von Biela
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Management Research Program, Alaska Science Center

Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators

During the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016, abundance and quality of several key forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska were simultaneously reduced throughout the system. Capelin (Mallotus catervarius), sand lance (Ammodytes personatus), and herring (Clupea pallasii) populations were at historically low levels, and within this community abrupt declines in portfolio effects...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Scott Hatch, Robert M. Suryan, Sonia Batten, Mary Anne Bishop, Rob W. Campbell, Heather Coletti, Dan Cushing, Kristen Gorman, Russell R. Hopcroft, Kathy J. Kuletz, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, Caitlin McKinstry, David McGowan, John Moran, W. Scott Pegau, Anne Schaefer, Sarah K. Schoen, Jan Straley, Vanessa R. von Biela
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Seabird synthesis Seabird synthesis

Overall, the status of seabirds was fair to good in the WGOA in 2020, with limited data available from Middleton Island, Cook Inlet, and the Kodiak Archipelago (Figure 63). Colony attendance remains low in some populations compared to historic levels, and some colonies were newly abandoned. However, when birds did arrive to breed, reproductive success generally appeared fair to good for...
Authors
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, Hillary K. Burgess, Robin Corcoran, Scott Hatch, Tim Jones, Jackie Lindsey, Caitlin Elizabeth Marsteller, John F. Piatt, Sarah K. Schoen
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Alaska Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Schoen, S.K., Kissling, M.L., Hatch, N.R., Shanley, C.S., Stephensen, S.W., Jansen, J.K., Catterson, N.T. & Oehlers, S.A. 2013. Marine birds of Yakutat Bay, Alaska: evaluating summer distribution, abundance, and threats at sea. Marine Ornithology 41:55-61.
Kissling, M.L, Lukacs, P.M., Lewis, S.B., Gende, S.M., Kuletz, K.J., Hatch, N.R., Schoen, S.K., & Oehlers, S. 2011. Distribution and abundance of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in select areas of southeastern Alaska. Marine Ornithology 39:3-11.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database Visualization Tool North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database Visualization Tool

The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) is maintained by the USGS ASC and includes survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The USGS developed a R Shiny application to facilitate viewing and filtering the NPPSD using an interactive leaflet map.
By
Alaska Science Center

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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government

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