Hydrologic for the Washington Water Science Center
Science and Products
Channel change monitoring following the Pilchuck Dam removal
The issue: In the summer of 2020, the Pilchuck Dam will be removed, allowing salmon access to the upper third of the Pilchuck River watershed for the first time in over a century. This removal will be associated with a short period increased sediment delivery, as the river re-works material trapped behind the dam. While the volume of impounded sediment is small and major changes in the downstream...
Coarse sediment delivery and routing in the White River
The Issue: Ongoing channel aggradation has reduced flow conveyance along the lower White River, increasing the flood risk in urban-suburban areas. A refined understanding of the delivery, transport and deposition of sediment in the White River, and how those processes may be influenced by climate and existing dam operations, is necessary in order to plan for future flood hazard in the lower White...
Sauk River Sediment
Fine-grained sediments in the lower reach of the Sauk River are adversely affecting the health and spawning of Chinook salmon. Climate change and forestry practices have been proposed as suspected causes of a reported increase in sediment loading to the river. To determine the amount and timing of suspended-sediment loading to the river and possible connections to adverse effects on Chinook salmon...
SR 530 Slide
In the immediate aftermath of the SR530 Landslide, the USGS supported first responders and decision-makers as a key member of the collaborative effort to monitor the stability of the landslide deposit and the associated impoundment of the North Fork Stillaguamish River during rescue operations. With the initial disaster response now over, longer-term questions have arisen regarding the stability...
Filter Total Items: 14
Bathymetric Map of the Lummi Sea Pond, October 2022
On October 5-6, 2022, a combination of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying were used to collect bathymetric data of the Lummi Sea Pond near Bellingham, WA. Distributed XYZ points were interpolated to create a continuous bathymetric map of the sea pond. The final product is two-meter raster in NAD88 (2011) UTM 10N coordinates, with elevat
Suspended-Sediment Data for the Bogachiel and Calawah Rivers, WA for Water Years 2019-2021
This data release summarizes suspended sediment monitoring results on the Bogachiel (USGS 12042800) and Calawah (USGS 12043000) Rivers between water years 2019 and 2021, based on a combination of continuous turbidity monitoring and discrete suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) measurements. Data and results for each monitoring station were combined into zip files. Each zip file contains:
Summ
Supporting Spatial Data for Sediment Studies in the Bogachiel and Calawah River Watersheds, Washington
This Data Release provides spatial data to support analysis of land cover change and channel width change in the Bogachiel and Calawah River basins, Washington. This supports a larger analysis that quantifies suspended-sediment yields for the two basins for water years 1977-1978 and more recently, for water years 2019-2021. Collectively the study evaluates influences of hydrology, geology, fire, a
Network Analysis of USGS Streamflow Gages (ver. 2.0, May 2023)
This data release has a workflow, data, and results of an analysis of the coverage, resolution, and representation of variables related to public interests in streamflow information by the USGS streamflow gaging network that was active in water year 2020. The workflow for the analysis is implemented as scripts and functions in the statistical programming language R. The spatial framework for the a
Geomorphic Monitoring Associated with the 2020 Pilchuck Dam Removal
The Pilchuck Dam, a low-head dam previously used for water-supply diversion in Snohomish County, Washington was removed from the Pilchuck River in the summer of 2020 after having blocked upstream fish migration for over a century. That removal effort was led by the Tulalip Indian Tribe; the USGS, in collaboration with the tribe, monitored sediment evacuation from the impoundment and downstream cha
Lithologic classifications of river gravels in the Sauk River watershed
The rock type, or lithology, of river gravels provides information about the bedrock source area of that material, and can act as a tracer to help assess relative gravel contributions from tributaries or distinct valley deposits. Between July 2020 and August 2021, gravels at 29 sites in the Sauk, Suiattle and White Chuck rivers were collected and sorted into simple lithologic categories. The data
Suspended Sediment and Water Temperature Data in the Suiattle River and the Downey Creek Tributary, Washington for select time periods over 2013 - 2017
This data release provides suspended-sediment (concentration and load) and water temperature data for two locations along the Suiattle River (USGS 1217900 and 12188380) and a tributary, Downey Creek (USGS 1217985) in Washington State for partial periods over 2013-2017. Suspended-sediment and water temperature data were collected over two summer seasons from May through September 2016 and 2017 at U
Suspended Sediment and Water Temperature Data in the Suiattle River and the Downey Creek Tributary, Washington for select time periods over 2013 - 2017
This data release provides suspended-sediment (concentration and load) and water temperature data for two locations along the Suiattle River (USGS 1217900 and 12188380) and a tributary, Downey Creek (USGS 1217985) in Washington State for partial periods over 2013-2017. Suspended-sediment and water temperature data were collected over two summer seasons from May through September 2016 and 2017 at U
Supporting Datasets for Proglacial Topographic Change Analyses on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017
This data release is a repository for data presented in Anderson and Shean (2021), a publication looking at topographic change in proglacial and glacier-marginal areas on Mount Rainier between 1960 and 2017. Datasets include all newly derived digital elevation models, shapefiles defining various areas of analysis, and tabular summaries of data presented in figures. See individual child items and o
Supporting Data for Sediment Studies in the White River Watershed
The White River is a dynamic gravel-bedded system in western Washington, with headwaters on Mount Rainier. Chronic aggradation in the lower river has reduced flood conveyance to a point where modest discharges are increasingly causing substantial flood damage. In order to better understand the dynamics governing this aggradation, and how aggradation rates may be influenced by forecasted changes in
Velocity and Bathymetry Surveys of the Columbia River near Northport, Washington, May 2018
Boat-mounted acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were used to collect velocity data on the Columbia River in a small area near Northport, WA. Velocity surveys were collected during two surveys at high-flow, high-stage conditions in May 2018. Bathymetric data were also collected during one of the surveys using a single-beam echo-sounder. The datasets here provide 1) raw ADCP and single-beam
Surficial sediment data on the North Fork Stillaguamish River and State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington
These tables document grain-size distributions of sediment collected as part of a study on the geomorphic impacts of the March 2014 State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington. This includes samples of material from the landslide deposit itself, covering a range of distinct facies present in the landslide, and samples of sand and gravel at various locations along the North Fork Stillaguamish Ri
Filter Total Items: 19
Changes in suspended-sediment yields under divergent land-cover disturbance histories: A comparison of two large watersheds, Olympic Mountains, USA
Improvements in timber harvest practices and reductions in harvest volumes over the past half century are commonly presumed to have reduced sediment loads in many western US rivers. However, direct assessments in larger watersheds are relatively sparse. Here, we compare 2019–21 sediment concentrations against those of the late 1970s in the Bogachiel and Calawah River watersheds, adjacent and simi
Authors
Kristin Jaeger, Scott W. Anderson, Sarah B. Dunn
Relative contributions of suspended sediment between the upper Suiattle River Basin and a non-glacial tributary, Washington, May 2016–September 2017
Concentrations of suspended sediment were measured in discrete samples and turbidity was continuously monitored at four U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in western Washington State, including one gage on the Sauk River; two gages on the Suiattle River, a tributary to the Sauk River; and one gage on Downey Creek, a tributary to the Suiattle River. The Suiattle River is a sediment-rich stream with
Authors
Kristin L. Jaeger, Scott W. Anderson, Craig A. Senter, Christopher A. Curran, Scott Morris
Bedload and suspended-sediment transport in lower Vance Creek, western Washington, water years 2019–20
Vance Creek drains a 24 square mile area of the Olympic Mountains in western Washington. The lower 4 miles of the creek often go dry in discontinuous patches during the summer, limiting salmon rearing success. To better understand sediment transport dynamics in the creek and aid in potential restoration design, bedload and suspended-sediment concentration samples were collected for water years 201
Authors
Scott W. Anderson
Spatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017
The retreat of alpine glaciers since the mid-19th century has triggered rapid landscape adjustments in many headwater basins. However, the degree to which decadal-scale glacier retreat is associated with systematic or substantial changes in overall coarse sediment export, with the potential to impact downstream river dynamics, remains poorly understood. Here, we use repeat topographic surveys to a
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, David Shean
Channel response to a dam‐removal sediment pulse captured at high‐temporal resolution using routine gage data
In this study, we captured how a river channel responds to a sediment pulse originating from a dam removal using multiple lines of evidence derived from streamflow gages along the Patapsco River, Maryland, USA. Gages captured characteristics of the sediment pulse, including travel times of its leading edge (~7.8 km yr−1) and peak (~2.6 km yr−1) and suggest both translation and increasing dispersio
Authors
Matt J. Cashman, Allen Gellis, Eric L. Boyd, Matthias J. Collins, Scott W. Anderson, Brett Dare Mcfarland, Ashley Mattie Ryan
Coarse sediment dynamics in a large glaciated river system: Holocene history and storage dynamics dictate contemporary climate sensitivity
The gravel-bedded White River drains a 1279 km2 basin in Washington State, with lowlands sculpted by continental glaciation and headwaters on an actively glaciated stratovolcano. Chronic aggradation along an alluvial fan near the river’s mouth has progressively reduced flood conveyance. In order to better understand how forecasted climate change may influence coarse sediment delivery and aggradati
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, Kristin Jaeger
Sediment storage and transport in the Nooksack River basin, northwestern Washington, 2006–15
The Nooksack River is a dynamic gravel-bedded river in northwestern Washington, draining off Mount Baker and the North Cascades into Puget Sound. Working in cooperation with the Whatcom County Flood Control Zone District, the U.S. Geological Survey studied topographic, hydrologic, and climatic data for the Nooksack River basin to document recent changes in sediment storage, long-term bed elevation
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, Christopher P. Konrad, Eric E. Grossman, Christopher A. Curran
Downstream‐propagating channel responses to decadal‐scale climate variability in a glaciated river basin
Regional climate is an important control on the rate of coarse sediment mobilization and transport in alpine river systems. Changes in climate are then expected to cause a cascade of geomorphic responses, including adjustments in downstream channel morphology. However, the mechanics and sensitivity of channel response to short‐term climate variability remain poorly documented. In the Nooksack Rive
Authors
Scott W. Anderson, Christopher P. Konrad
Uncertainty in quantitative analyses of topographic change: Error propagation and the role of thresholding
Topographic surveys inevitably contain error, introducing uncertainty into estimates of volumetric or mean change based on the differencing of repeated surveys. In the geomorphic community, uncertainty has often been framed as a problem of separating out real change from apparent change due purely to error, and addressed by removing measured change considered indistinguishable from random noise fr
Authors
Scott W. Anderson
Characterizing aquatic habitats for long‐term monitoring of a fourth‐order, regulated river in the Pacific Northwest, USA
A pragmatic approach to the long‐term monitoring of rivers leverages available information with targeted field investigations to address key uncertainties relevant to management decisions. An over‐arching management issue for many rivers is how reservoir operation affects the amount and location of in‐channel sediment and the resulting distribution of aquatic habitats. We integrate remotely acquir
Authors
Christopher P. Konrad, K. Burton, R. Little, Andrew S. Gendaszek, Mark D. Munn, Scott W. Anderson
Suspended sediment, turbidity, and stream water temperature in the Sauk River Basin, western Washington, water years 2012-16
The Sauk River is a federally designated Wild and Scenic River that drains a relatively undisturbed landscape along the western slope of the North Cascade Mountain Range, Washington, which includes the glaciated volcano, Glacier Peak. Naturally high sediment loads characteristic of basins draining volcanoes like Glacier Peak make the Sauk River a dominant contributor of sediment to the downstream
Authors
Kristin L. Jaeger, Christopher A. Curran, Scott W. Anderson, Scott T. Morris, Patrick W. Moran, Katherine A. Reams
Suspended-sediment loads in the lower Stillaguamish River, Snohomish County, Washington, 2014–15
Continuous records of discharge and turbidity at a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage in the lower Stillaguamish River were paired with discrete measurements of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in order to estimate suspended-sediment loads over the water years 2014 and 2015. First, relations between turbidity and SSC were developed and used to translate the continuous turbidity record
Authors
Scott A. Anderson, Christopher A. Curran, Eric E. Grossman
Science and Products
- Science
Channel change monitoring following the Pilchuck Dam removal
The issue: In the summer of 2020, the Pilchuck Dam will be removed, allowing salmon access to the upper third of the Pilchuck River watershed for the first time in over a century. This removal will be associated with a short period increased sediment delivery, as the river re-works material trapped behind the dam. While the volume of impounded sediment is small and major changes in the downstream...Coarse sediment delivery and routing in the White River
The Issue: Ongoing channel aggradation has reduced flow conveyance along the lower White River, increasing the flood risk in urban-suburban areas. A refined understanding of the delivery, transport and deposition of sediment in the White River, and how those processes may be influenced by climate and existing dam operations, is necessary in order to plan for future flood hazard in the lower White...Sauk River Sediment
Fine-grained sediments in the lower reach of the Sauk River are adversely affecting the health and spawning of Chinook salmon. Climate change and forestry practices have been proposed as suspected causes of a reported increase in sediment loading to the river. To determine the amount and timing of suspended-sediment loading to the river and possible connections to adverse effects on Chinook salmon...SR 530 Slide
In the immediate aftermath of the SR530 Landslide, the USGS supported first responders and decision-makers as a key member of the collaborative effort to monitor the stability of the landslide deposit and the associated impoundment of the North Fork Stillaguamish River during rescue operations. With the initial disaster response now over, longer-term questions have arisen regarding the stability... - Data
Filter Total Items: 14
Bathymetric Map of the Lummi Sea Pond, October 2022
On October 5-6, 2022, a combination of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying were used to collect bathymetric data of the Lummi Sea Pond near Bellingham, WA. Distributed XYZ points were interpolated to create a continuous bathymetric map of the sea pond. The final product is two-meter raster in NAD88 (2011) UTM 10N coordinates, with elevatSuspended-Sediment Data for the Bogachiel and Calawah Rivers, WA for Water Years 2019-2021
This data release summarizes suspended sediment monitoring results on the Bogachiel (USGS 12042800) and Calawah (USGS 12043000) Rivers between water years 2019 and 2021, based on a combination of continuous turbidity monitoring and discrete suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) measurements. Data and results for each monitoring station were combined into zip files. Each zip file contains: SummSupporting Spatial Data for Sediment Studies in the Bogachiel and Calawah River Watersheds, Washington
This Data Release provides spatial data to support analysis of land cover change and channel width change in the Bogachiel and Calawah River basins, Washington. This supports a larger analysis that quantifies suspended-sediment yields for the two basins for water years 1977-1978 and more recently, for water years 2019-2021. Collectively the study evaluates influences of hydrology, geology, fire, aNetwork Analysis of USGS Streamflow Gages (ver. 2.0, May 2023)
This data release has a workflow, data, and results of an analysis of the coverage, resolution, and representation of variables related to public interests in streamflow information by the USGS streamflow gaging network that was active in water year 2020. The workflow for the analysis is implemented as scripts and functions in the statistical programming language R. The spatial framework for the aGeomorphic Monitoring Associated with the 2020 Pilchuck Dam Removal
The Pilchuck Dam, a low-head dam previously used for water-supply diversion in Snohomish County, Washington was removed from the Pilchuck River in the summer of 2020 after having blocked upstream fish migration for over a century. That removal effort was led by the Tulalip Indian Tribe; the USGS, in collaboration with the tribe, monitored sediment evacuation from the impoundment and downstream chaLithologic classifications of river gravels in the Sauk River watershed
The rock type, or lithology, of river gravels provides information about the bedrock source area of that material, and can act as a tracer to help assess relative gravel contributions from tributaries or distinct valley deposits. Between July 2020 and August 2021, gravels at 29 sites in the Sauk, Suiattle and White Chuck rivers were collected and sorted into simple lithologic categories. The dataSuspended Sediment and Water Temperature Data in the Suiattle River and the Downey Creek Tributary, Washington for select time periods over 2013 - 2017
This data release provides suspended-sediment (concentration and load) and water temperature data for two locations along the Suiattle River (USGS 1217900 and 12188380) and a tributary, Downey Creek (USGS 1217985) in Washington State for partial periods over 2013-2017. Suspended-sediment and water temperature data were collected over two summer seasons from May through September 2016 and 2017 at USuspended Sediment and Water Temperature Data in the Suiattle River and the Downey Creek Tributary, Washington for select time periods over 2013 - 2017
This data release provides suspended-sediment (concentration and load) and water temperature data for two locations along the Suiattle River (USGS 1217900 and 12188380) and a tributary, Downey Creek (USGS 1217985) in Washington State for partial periods over 2013-2017. Suspended-sediment and water temperature data were collected over two summer seasons from May through September 2016 and 2017 at USupporting Datasets for Proglacial Topographic Change Analyses on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017
This data release is a repository for data presented in Anderson and Shean (2021), a publication looking at topographic change in proglacial and glacier-marginal areas on Mount Rainier between 1960 and 2017. Datasets include all newly derived digital elevation models, shapefiles defining various areas of analysis, and tabular summaries of data presented in figures. See individual child items and oSupporting Data for Sediment Studies in the White River Watershed
The White River is a dynamic gravel-bedded system in western Washington, with headwaters on Mount Rainier. Chronic aggradation in the lower river has reduced flood conveyance to a point where modest discharges are increasingly causing substantial flood damage. In order to better understand the dynamics governing this aggradation, and how aggradation rates may be influenced by forecasted changes inVelocity and Bathymetry Surveys of the Columbia River near Northport, Washington, May 2018
Boat-mounted acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were used to collect velocity data on the Columbia River in a small area near Northport, WA. Velocity surveys were collected during two surveys at high-flow, high-stage conditions in May 2018. Bathymetric data were also collected during one of the surveys using a single-beam echo-sounder. The datasets here provide 1) raw ADCP and single-beamSurficial sediment data on the North Fork Stillaguamish River and State Route 530 landslide near Oso, Washington
These tables document grain-size distributions of sediment collected as part of a study on the geomorphic impacts of the March 2014 State Route 530 Landslide near Oso, Washington. This includes samples of material from the landslide deposit itself, covering a range of distinct facies present in the landslide, and samples of sand and gravel at various locations along the North Fork Stillaguamish Ri - Multimedia
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 19
Changes in suspended-sediment yields under divergent land-cover disturbance histories: A comparison of two large watersheds, Olympic Mountains, USA
Improvements in timber harvest practices and reductions in harvest volumes over the past half century are commonly presumed to have reduced sediment loads in many western US rivers. However, direct assessments in larger watersheds are relatively sparse. Here, we compare 2019–21 sediment concentrations against those of the late 1970s in the Bogachiel and Calawah River watersheds, adjacent and simiAuthorsKristin Jaeger, Scott W. Anderson, Sarah B. DunnRelative contributions of suspended sediment between the upper Suiattle River Basin and a non-glacial tributary, Washington, May 2016–September 2017
Concentrations of suspended sediment were measured in discrete samples and turbidity was continuously monitored at four U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in western Washington State, including one gage on the Sauk River; two gages on the Suiattle River, a tributary to the Sauk River; and one gage on Downey Creek, a tributary to the Suiattle River. The Suiattle River is a sediment-rich stream withAuthorsKristin L. Jaeger, Scott W. Anderson, Craig A. Senter, Christopher A. Curran, Scott MorrisBedload and suspended-sediment transport in lower Vance Creek, western Washington, water years 2019–20
Vance Creek drains a 24 square mile area of the Olympic Mountains in western Washington. The lower 4 miles of the creek often go dry in discontinuous patches during the summer, limiting salmon rearing success. To better understand sediment transport dynamics in the creek and aid in potential restoration design, bedload and suspended-sediment concentration samples were collected for water years 201AuthorsScott W. AndersonSpatial and temporal controls on proglacial erosion rates: A comparison of four basins on Mount Rainier, 1960 to 2017
The retreat of alpine glaciers since the mid-19th century has triggered rapid landscape adjustments in many headwater basins. However, the degree to which decadal-scale glacier retreat is associated with systematic or substantial changes in overall coarse sediment export, with the potential to impact downstream river dynamics, remains poorly understood. Here, we use repeat topographic surveys to aAuthorsScott W. Anderson, David SheanChannel response to a dam‐removal sediment pulse captured at high‐temporal resolution using routine gage data
In this study, we captured how a river channel responds to a sediment pulse originating from a dam removal using multiple lines of evidence derived from streamflow gages along the Patapsco River, Maryland, USA. Gages captured characteristics of the sediment pulse, including travel times of its leading edge (~7.8 km yr−1) and peak (~2.6 km yr−1) and suggest both translation and increasing dispersioAuthorsMatt J. Cashman, Allen Gellis, Eric L. Boyd, Matthias J. Collins, Scott W. Anderson, Brett Dare Mcfarland, Ashley Mattie RyanCoarse sediment dynamics in a large glaciated river system: Holocene history and storage dynamics dictate contemporary climate sensitivity
The gravel-bedded White River drains a 1279 km2 basin in Washington State, with lowlands sculpted by continental glaciation and headwaters on an actively glaciated stratovolcano. Chronic aggradation along an alluvial fan near the river’s mouth has progressively reduced flood conveyance. In order to better understand how forecasted climate change may influence coarse sediment delivery and aggradatiAuthorsScott W. Anderson, Kristin JaegerSediment storage and transport in the Nooksack River basin, northwestern Washington, 2006–15
The Nooksack River is a dynamic gravel-bedded river in northwestern Washington, draining off Mount Baker and the North Cascades into Puget Sound. Working in cooperation with the Whatcom County Flood Control Zone District, the U.S. Geological Survey studied topographic, hydrologic, and climatic data for the Nooksack River basin to document recent changes in sediment storage, long-term bed elevationAuthorsScott W. Anderson, Christopher P. Konrad, Eric E. Grossman, Christopher A. CurranDownstream‐propagating channel responses to decadal‐scale climate variability in a glaciated river basin
Regional climate is an important control on the rate of coarse sediment mobilization and transport in alpine river systems. Changes in climate are then expected to cause a cascade of geomorphic responses, including adjustments in downstream channel morphology. However, the mechanics and sensitivity of channel response to short‐term climate variability remain poorly documented. In the Nooksack RiveAuthorsScott W. Anderson, Christopher P. KonradUncertainty in quantitative analyses of topographic change: Error propagation and the role of thresholding
Topographic surveys inevitably contain error, introducing uncertainty into estimates of volumetric or mean change based on the differencing of repeated surveys. In the geomorphic community, uncertainty has often been framed as a problem of separating out real change from apparent change due purely to error, and addressed by removing measured change considered indistinguishable from random noise frAuthorsScott W. AndersonCharacterizing aquatic habitats for long‐term monitoring of a fourth‐order, regulated river in the Pacific Northwest, USA
A pragmatic approach to the long‐term monitoring of rivers leverages available information with targeted field investigations to address key uncertainties relevant to management decisions. An over‐arching management issue for many rivers is how reservoir operation affects the amount and location of in‐channel sediment and the resulting distribution of aquatic habitats. We integrate remotely acquirAuthorsChristopher P. Konrad, K. Burton, R. Little, Andrew S. Gendaszek, Mark D. Munn, Scott W. AndersonSuspended sediment, turbidity, and stream water temperature in the Sauk River Basin, western Washington, water years 2012-16
The Sauk River is a federally designated Wild and Scenic River that drains a relatively undisturbed landscape along the western slope of the North Cascade Mountain Range, Washington, which includes the glaciated volcano, Glacier Peak. Naturally high sediment loads characteristic of basins draining volcanoes like Glacier Peak make the Sauk River a dominant contributor of sediment to the downstreamAuthorsKristin L. Jaeger, Christopher A. Curran, Scott W. Anderson, Scott T. Morris, Patrick W. Moran, Katherine A. ReamsSuspended-sediment loads in the lower Stillaguamish River, Snohomish County, Washington, 2014–15
Continuous records of discharge and turbidity at a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage in the lower Stillaguamish River were paired with discrete measurements of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in order to estimate suspended-sediment loads over the water years 2014 and 2015. First, relations between turbidity and SSC were developed and used to translate the continuous turbidity recordAuthorsScott A. Anderson, Christopher A. Curran, Eric E. Grossman