Thomas Custer (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 167
Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A. Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A.
Breeding Lapland longspurs, Calcarius lapponicus, near Barrow, Alaska, have relatively constant energy demands throughout the summer; the average estimated daily energy budgets (DEBs) were 132 and 118 kJ for the male and female. Thermoregulation accounted consistently for one-quarter to one-third of the total DEB. Flight in the male and incubation in the female were major components of...
Authors
T. W. Custer, R. G. Osborn, F.A. Pitelka, J.A. Gessaman
Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA
The average clutch size of Caspian Terns nesting in a colony in the Lower Laguna Madre near Laguna Vista, Texas, USA in 1984 was 1.9 eggs per nest. Using the Mayfield method for calculating success, one egg hatched in 84.1% of the nests and 69.8% of the eggs laid hatched. These hatching estimates are as high or higher than estimates from colonies in other areas.
Authors
C. A. Mitchell, T. W. Custer
Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns at three Rhode Island colonies Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns at three Rhode Island colonies
Concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDPEs) in carcasses of prefledging Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three Rhode Island colonies support the hypothesis that local contamination is responsible for among-colony differences observed in eggs in an earlier study. The highest concentrations of DDE and PCBs (mean = 0.24 and 2.8 ppm...
Authors
T. W. Custer, C.M. Bunck, C. J. Stafford
Effects on wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California rice fields Effects on wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California rice fields
Selected rice fields on the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex were aerially sprayed one time during May or June 1982 with either ethyl (0.11 kg Al/ha) or methyl (0.84 kg AI/ha) parathion for control of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. No sick or dead vertebrate wildlife were found or adjacent to the treated rice fields after spraying. Specimens of the following birds and...
Authors
Thomas W. Custer, Elwood F. Hill, Harry M. Ohlendorf
Reproduction and organochlorine contaminants in terns at San Diego Bay Reproduction and organochlorine contaminants in terns at San Diego Bay
In 1981, we studied Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) and Elegant Terns (S. elegans) nesting at the south end of San Diego Bay, California. Randomly collected Caspian Tern eggs contained signficantly (P 0.05) higher mean concentrations of DDE (9.30 ppm) than did Elegant Tern eggs (3.79 ppm). DDE may have had an adverse effect on Caspian Tern reproduction but the relationship between hatching...
Authors
H. M. Ohlendorf, F.C. Schaffner, T. W. Custer, C. J. Stafford
Effects of wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California USA rice fields Effects of wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California USA rice fields
Selected rice fields on the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex were aerially sprayed one time during May or June 1982 with either ethyl (0.11 kg Al/ha) or methyl (0.84 kg AI/ha) parathion for control of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. No sick or dead vertebrate wildlife were found or adjacent to the treated rice fields after spraying. Specimens of the following birds and...
Authors
T. W. Custer, E. F. Hill, H. M. Ohlendorf
Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns Sterna hirundo at three Rhode Island USA colonies Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns Sterna hirundo at three Rhode Island USA colonies
Concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDPEs) in carcasses of prefledging Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three Rhode Island colonies support the hypothesis that local contamination is responsible for among-colony differences observed in eggs in an earlier study. The highest concentrations of DDE and PCBs (mean=0.24 and 2.8 ppm wet...
Authors
T. W. Custer, C.M. Bunck, C.L. Stafford
Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns
Eighteen pairs of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three different colonies laid second clutches while still feeding young from their first broods. Seven clutches were laid before the chicks from the first brood fledged, and 11 were laid after the chicks from the first brood fledged. In each case, parents alternately fed chicks from the first brood and incubated the second clutch...
Authors
D.A. Wiggins, R.D. Morris, I.C.T. Nisbet, T. W. Custer
Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed biologically incorporated lead Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed biologically incorporated lead
American kestrels were fed a diet containing 0.5, 120, 212, and 448 ppm (dry wt) biologically incorporated lead (Pb) for 60 days. The diet consisted of homogenized 4-wk-old cockerels raised on feed mixed with and without lead. No kestrels died and weights did not differ among treatment groups. The control group (0.5 ppm Pb) had the lowest mean concentration of lead and the high dietary...
Authors
T. W. Custer, J. C. Franson, O. H. Pattee
Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons
In 1979, we gathered clutch-size and reproductive-success data on Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting in three New England and two North Carolina colonies. In 1975, we gathered similar data from one of the New England and one of the North Carolina colonies. Latitudinal differences in clutch initiation were not evident. Mean clutch size was larger in the New England...
Authors
Thomas W. Custer, Gary L. Hensler, T. Earl Kaiser
Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981 Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981
Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) breed in two areas in the Western Hemisphere: in northeastern North America between Long Island, New York, and Nova Scotia, and around the Caribbean Sea from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas to the Netherlands Lesser Antilles (Bent 1921, Bond 1956, Nisbet 1980). Both populations are small, and concern recently has been expressed about their status (Nisbet...
Authors
T. W. Custer, I.C.T. Nisbet, A. J. Krynitsky
Organochlorine residues in common tern eggs from nine Atlantic coast colonies, 1980 Organochlorine residues in common tern eggs from nine Atlantic coast colonies, 1980
In 1980, 178 Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) eggs were collected in nine colonies from Rhode Island to North Carolina and were analyzed for organochlorines. DDE and PCBs were detected in most of the eggs. Mean concentrations of DDE and PCBs differed among colonies and seemed related to local contamination. Concentrations of DDE and PCBs in Common Tern eggs were well below those reported to...
Authors
T. W. Custer, R.M. Erwin, C. Stafford
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 167
Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A. Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A.
Breeding Lapland longspurs, Calcarius lapponicus, near Barrow, Alaska, have relatively constant energy demands throughout the summer; the average estimated daily energy budgets (DEBs) were 132 and 118 kJ for the male and female. Thermoregulation accounted consistently for one-quarter to one-third of the total DEB. Flight in the male and incubation in the female were major components of...
Authors
T. W. Custer, R. G. Osborn, F.A. Pitelka, J.A. Gessaman
Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA
The average clutch size of Caspian Terns nesting in a colony in the Lower Laguna Madre near Laguna Vista, Texas, USA in 1984 was 1.9 eggs per nest. Using the Mayfield method for calculating success, one egg hatched in 84.1% of the nests and 69.8% of the eggs laid hatched. These hatching estimates are as high or higher than estimates from colonies in other areas.
Authors
C. A. Mitchell, T. W. Custer
Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns at three Rhode Island colonies Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns at three Rhode Island colonies
Concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDPEs) in carcasses of prefledging Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three Rhode Island colonies support the hypothesis that local contamination is responsible for among-colony differences observed in eggs in an earlier study. The highest concentrations of DDE and PCBs (mean = 0.24 and 2.8 ppm...
Authors
T. W. Custer, C.M. Bunck, C. J. Stafford
Effects on wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California rice fields Effects on wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California rice fields
Selected rice fields on the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex were aerially sprayed one time during May or June 1982 with either ethyl (0.11 kg Al/ha) or methyl (0.84 kg AI/ha) parathion for control of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. No sick or dead vertebrate wildlife were found or adjacent to the treated rice fields after spraying. Specimens of the following birds and...
Authors
Thomas W. Custer, Elwood F. Hill, Harry M. Ohlendorf
Reproduction and organochlorine contaminants in terns at San Diego Bay Reproduction and organochlorine contaminants in terns at San Diego Bay
In 1981, we studied Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) and Elegant Terns (S. elegans) nesting at the south end of San Diego Bay, California. Randomly collected Caspian Tern eggs contained signficantly (P 0.05) higher mean concentrations of DDE (9.30 ppm) than did Elegant Tern eggs (3.79 ppm). DDE may have had an adverse effect on Caspian Tern reproduction but the relationship between hatching...
Authors
H. M. Ohlendorf, F.C. Schaffner, T. W. Custer, C. J. Stafford
Effects of wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California USA rice fields Effects of wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California USA rice fields
Selected rice fields on the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex were aerially sprayed one time during May or June 1982 with either ethyl (0.11 kg Al/ha) or methyl (0.84 kg AI/ha) parathion for control of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. No sick or dead vertebrate wildlife were found or adjacent to the treated rice fields after spraying. Specimens of the following birds and...
Authors
T. W. Custer, E. F. Hill, H. M. Ohlendorf
Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns Sterna hirundo at three Rhode Island USA colonies Organochlorine concentrations in prefledging common terns Sterna hirundo at three Rhode Island USA colonies
Concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDPEs) in carcasses of prefledging Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three Rhode Island colonies support the hypothesis that local contamination is responsible for among-colony differences observed in eggs in an earlier study. The highest concentrations of DDE and PCBs (mean=0.24 and 2.8 ppm wet...
Authors
T. W. Custer, C.M. Bunck, C.L. Stafford
Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns Occurrence and timing of second clutches in common terns
Eighteen pairs of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) at three different colonies laid second clutches while still feeding young from their first broods. Seven clutches were laid before the chicks from the first brood fledged, and 11 were laid after the chicks from the first brood fledged. In each case, parents alternately fed chicks from the first brood and incubated the second clutch...
Authors
D.A. Wiggins, R.D. Morris, I.C.T. Nisbet, T. W. Custer
Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed biologically incorporated lead Tissue lead distribution and hematologic effects in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) fed biologically incorporated lead
American kestrels were fed a diet containing 0.5, 120, 212, and 448 ppm (dry wt) biologically incorporated lead (Pb) for 60 days. The diet consisted of homogenized 4-wk-old cockerels raised on feed mixed with and without lead. No kestrels died and weights did not differ among treatment groups. The control group (0.5 ppm Pb) had the lowest mean concentration of lead and the high dietary...
Authors
T. W. Custer, J. C. Franson, O. H. Pattee
Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons Clutch size, reproductive success, and organochlorine contaminants in Atlantic coast black-crowned night-herons
In 1979, we gathered clutch-size and reproductive-success data on Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting in three New England and two North Carolina colonies. In 1975, we gathered similar data from one of the New England and one of the North Carolina colonies. Latitudinal differences in clutch initiation were not evident. Mean clutch size was larger in the New England...
Authors
Thomas W. Custer, Gary L. Hensler, T. Earl Kaiser
Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981 Organochlorine residues and shell characteristics of roseate tern eggs, 1981
Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) breed in two areas in the Western Hemisphere: in northeastern North America between Long Island, New York, and Nova Scotia, and around the Caribbean Sea from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas to the Netherlands Lesser Antilles (Bent 1921, Bond 1956, Nisbet 1980). Both populations are small, and concern recently has been expressed about their status (Nisbet...
Authors
T. W. Custer, I.C.T. Nisbet, A. J. Krynitsky
Organochlorine residues in common tern eggs from nine Atlantic coast colonies, 1980 Organochlorine residues in common tern eggs from nine Atlantic coast colonies, 1980
In 1980, 178 Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) eggs were collected in nine colonies from Rhode Island to North Carolina and were analyzed for organochlorines. DDE and PCBs were detected in most of the eggs. Mean concentrations of DDE and PCBs differed among colonies and seemed related to local contamination. Concentrations of DDE and PCBs in Common Tern eggs were well below those reported to...
Authors
T. W. Custer, R.M. Erwin, C. Stafford