William N Batts

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  August 29, 2018

  Molecular Characterization of Novel Fish Viruses from Technical Assistance Cases

  Viruses occur in many cultured and wild stocks of fish. William Batts collaborates with many government, state, tribal, and private research and diagnostic laboratories to aid in identification of these unknown replicating agents of uncertain pathogenicity. Typically, viruses can be replicated in a variety of fish cell lines and investigated at several temperatures to see if the cytopathic effect...

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

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  August 29, 2018

  Molecular Characterization of Novel Fish Viruses from Technical Assistance Cases

  Viruses occur in many cultured and wild stocks of fish. William Batts collaborates with many government, state, tribal, and private research and diagnostic laboratories to aid in identification of these unknown replicating agents of uncertain pathogenicity. Typically, viruses can be replicated in a variety of fish cell lines and investigated at several temperatures to see if the cytopathic effect...

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  December 14, 2020

  Novel diagnostic tests for the putative agent of bacterial gill disease in Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula)

  Nuclear inclusion X (NIX) is a gamma proteobacteria that infects the nuclei of gill epithelial cells in Pacific razor clams. NIX has been associated with clam die-offs in coastal Washington. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to detect NIX in Pacific razor clams, and assay specificity was confirmed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Both tests were applied to evaluate NIX infe

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP), Marrowstone Marine Field Station (MMFS)

  November 20, 2020

  Anadromous coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii as a host for Argulus pugettensis (Crustacea, Branchiura): Parasite prevalence, intensity and distribution

  Coastal cutthroat trout [Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson, 1836)] from the marine waters of Puget Sound, WA, was documented as a new host for the ectoparasite Argulus pugettensis (Dana, 1852). The prevalence of A. pugettensis was 66% (49 of 74) on cutthroat trout and 0% (0 of 55) on coho salmon [O. kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)] collected during the winter of 2017/2018. Infestations occurred mos

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  Ecosystems, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP), Marrowstone Marine Field Station (MMFS)

  February 21, 2020

  Ichthyophonus sp. Infection in Opaleye (Girella nigricans)

  Over a 3-year-period, 17 wild-caught opaleye (Girella nigricans) housed in a public display aquarium were found dead without premonitory signs. Grossly, 4 animals had pinpoint brown or black foci on coelomic adipose tissue. Histologically, liver, spleen, heart, and posterior kidney had mesomycetozoan granulomas in all cases; other organs were less commonly infected. Four opaleye had goiter; additi

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  Ecosystems, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP), Marrowstone Marine Field Station (MMFS)

  March 11, 2019

  Complete genome sequences of the index isolates of two genotypes of Pacific salmon paramyxovirus

  We report here the genome sequences of two index strains of Pacific salmon paramyxovirus isolated in 1982 and 1983 from adult salmon in Oregon. The isolates are most closely related to Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus, the type species of the genus Aquaparamyxovirus, but are sufficiently distinct to be considered two genotypes of a novel species.

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  February 14, 2018

  Development and characterization of two cell lines from gills of Atlantic salmon

  Gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., causes big losses in the salmon farming industry. Until now, tools to cultivate microorganisms causing gill disease and models to study the gill responses have been lacking. Here we describe the establishment and characterization of two cell lines from the gills of Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon gill cell ASG-10 consisted of cells staining for cyt

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  Ecosystems, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  November 1, 2017

  Complete sequences of 4 viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb isolates and their virulence in northern pike fry

  Four viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb isolates were sequenced, their genetic variation explored, and comparative virulence assayed with experimental infections of northern pike Esox lucius fry. In addition to the type strain MI03, the complete 11183 bp genome of the first round goby Neogobius melanostomus isolate from the St. Lawrence River, and the 2013 and 2014 isolates fro

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  September 20, 2017

  Isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus

  BackgroundSalmon are paramount to the economy, ecology, and history of the Pacific Northwest. Viruses constitute one of the major threats to salmon health and well-being, with more than twenty known virus species that infect salmon. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus, a divergent member of the species Aquareovirus B within the family Reoviridae.Me

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  February 18, 2017

  Molecular characterization of a novel orthomyxovirus from rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  A novel virus, rainbow trout orthomyxovirus (RbtOV), was isolated in 1997 and again in 2000 from commercially-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Idaho, USA. The virus grew optimally in the CHSE-214 cell line at 15°C producing a diffuse cytopathic effect; however, juvenile rainbow trout exposed to cell culture-grown virus showed no mortality or gross pathology. Electron microscopy of pre

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  August 1, 2016

  Hepeviruses of fish

  Originally reported from California, the cutthroat trout virus (CTV) has now been isolated from eight species of salmonids in North America. Early work focused on the replication and physical characteristics of the small, round virus, but not until 20 years later was it determined to be most closely related to viruses causing hepatitis E in humans or infecting avian and mammalian hosts. The genome

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  August 1, 2016

  Paramyxoviruses of fish

  The first fish paramyxovirus was isolated from normal adult Chinook salmon returning to a coastal hatchery in Oregon in the fall of 1982. Subsequently, the virus was isolated from other stocks of adult Chinook salmon and one stock of adult coho salmon in California, Oregon, Washington and Alaska, leading to its designation as the Pacific salmon paramyxovirus (PSPV). The slow-growing virus can be i

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  Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Fish Health Program (FHP)

  October 21, 2015

  Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus detected by separation and incubation of cells from salmonid cavity fluid.

  Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus is usually detected by inoculating susceptible cell cultures with cavity ("ovarian") fluid (CF) from spawning females. We identified additional adult carriers of virus in spawning populations of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by collecting nonerythrocytic cells from CF samples by low-speed centrifugation, cult

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  Ecosystems, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center, Alaska Science Center

  October 13, 2015

  Comparison of infectious hematopoietic necrosis in natural and experimental infections of spawning salmonids by infectivity and immunohistochemistry

  Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) continues to be a serious virus disease of salmonids with epizootics recorded in both wild and hatchery populations (Williams and Amend 1976; Carlisle et al 1979; Groberg and Fryer 1983; Saft and Pratt 1986; Traxler 1987; Follett et al 1987; Meyers et al 1988). While originally enzootic in western North America, the virus appears to be spreading further (San

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  Ecosystems, Fisheries Program, Western Fisheries Research Center