Extensometers
Borehole extensometers are instruments that monitor land subsidence caused by aquifer compaction. They provide precise, high-resolution measurements of changes in aquifer-system thickness. These incredible instruments are only found is a few places in the United States, including here in the Virginia Coastal Plain.
The Virginia Extensometer Network

The Virginia-West Virginia Water Science Center, with cooperation from the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), has developed an expanding extensometer network on the Virginia Coastal Plain to monitor vertical land motion induced by groundwater pumping.
Extensometer Infographics
Extensometers are interesting and unique pieces of equipment, but it isn't always easy to understand just how they work. These helpful infographics help explain what extensometers measure and how they function.