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View citations of publications by National Wildlife Health Center scientists since our founding in 1975. Access to full-text is provided where possible.

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Wildlife Disease Case Definitions

Case definitions provide a standardized, science-based set of criteria for diagnosing disease and pathogens. This manual provides case definitions for selected diseases of importance to wildlife in Canada and the United States.

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Additional Resources

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January 1, 2001

Mycoplasma agassizii sp., nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Mycoplasma agassizii sp., nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus).

Biochemical, serological and molecular genetic studies were performed on seven mycoplasma isolates that were recovered from the upper respiratory tract of clinically ill desert tortoises. The isolates were serologically related to each other but serologically distinct from previously described species. Unique mycoplasma species-specific 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences were found in the...

Authors

Mary E. Brown, D.R. Brown, P.A. Kelin, G.S. McLaughlin, Isabella M. Schumacher, E.R. Jacobson, H.P. Adams, J.G. Tully

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Sarcocystis neurona infections in sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Evidence for natural infections with sarcocysts and transmission of infection to opossums (Didelphis virginiana) Sarcocystis neurona infections in sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Evidence for natural infections with sarcocysts and transmission of infection to opossums (Didelphis virginiana)

Although Sarcocystis neurona has been identified in an array of terrestrial vertebrates, recent recognition of its capacity to infect marine mammals was unexpected. Here, sarcocysts from 2 naturally infected sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were characterized biologically, ultrastructurally, and genetically. DNA was extracted from frozen muscle of the first of these sea otters and was...

Authors

J. P. Dubey, A.C. Rosypal, B.M. Rosenthal, N. J. Thomas, D. S. Lindsay, J.F. Stanek, S.M. Reed, W.J.A. Saville

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs Leaping lopsided: a review of the current hypotheses regarding etiologies of limb malformations in frogs

Recent progress in the investigation of limb malformations in free-living frogs has underlined the wide range in the types of limb malformations and the apparent spatiotemporal clustering of their occurrence. Here, we review the current understanding of normal and abnormal vertebrate limb development and regeneration and discuss some of the molecular events that may bring about limb...

Authors

I.K. Loeffler, D.L. Stocum, J.F. Fallon, C.U. Meteyer

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report

No abstract available.

Authors

Kimberli J.G. Miller, K. Converse, L. Glaser, A. Schrader

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Pathology of Amphibia Pathology of Amphibia

No abstract available.

Authors

David E. Green

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999 Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999

In addition to human encephalitis and meningitis cases, the West Nile (WN) virus outbreak in the summer and fall of 1999 in New York State resulted in bird deaths in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. From August to December 1999, 295 dead birds were laboratory-confirmed with WN virus infection; 262 (89%) were American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The New York State Department of...

Authors

M. Eidson, N. Komar, F. Sorhage, R. Nelson, T. Talbot, F. Mostashari, R. McLean

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds

The ecology of the strain of West Nile virus (WNV) introduced into the United States in 1999 has similarities to the native flavivirus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, but has unique features not observed with SLE virus or with WNV in the old world. The primary route of transmission for most of the arboviruses in North America is by mosquito, and infected native birds usually do not...

Authors

Robert G. McLean, S. R. Ubico, Douglas E. Docherty, Wallace R. Hansen, Louis Sileo, T. S. Mcnamara

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Lead poisoning of waterfowl by contaminated sediment in the Coeur D'Alene River Lead poisoning of waterfowl by contaminated sediment in the Coeur D'Alene River

The Coeur d'Alene River basin in Idaho has been contaminated by mine tailings that have impaired the health of wildlife since the early 1900s. In other parts of the world, virtually all lead poisoning of waterfowl is caused by the ingestion of manmade lead artifacts, primarily spent lead shotshell pellets or, occasionally, fishing sinkers. However, in the Coeur d'Alene River basin in...

Authors

L. Sileo, L. H. Creekmore, D. J. Audet, M.R. Snyder, C.U. Meteyer, J. Christian Franson, L. N. Locke, M. R. Smith, D.L. Finley

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR

Quantitative real-time PCR has been used to measure fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) pol DNA loads in fibropapillomas, fibromas, and uninvolved tissues of green, loggerhead, and olive ridley turtles from Hawaii, Florida, Costa Rica, Australia, Mexico, and the West Indies. The viral DNA loads from tumors obtained from terminal animals were relatively homogenous (range...

Authors

S.L. Quackenbush, R.N. Casey, R.J. Murcek, T.A. Paul, Thierry M. Work, C.J. Limpus, A. Chaves, L. duToit, J.V. Perez, A.A. Aguirre, T.R. Spraker, J.A. Horrocks, L.A. Vermeer, G.S. Balazs, J.W. Casey

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001

Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s

Twelve adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence of infectious, toxicological, and degenerative diseases. The preserved toads were selected from 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 that immediately preceded a population decline. Causes of death of four...

Authors

D. Earl Green, Cynthia Kagarise Sherman

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2001