Federico Solano
Federico Solano is a Research Geologist with the USGS Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center in Reston, VA.
Science and Products
Mineral Resource Assessment Training
The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
Geospatial database for the spectral characteristics and mapping of lithium-rich playas in the Western U.S. Basin and Range (ver. 2.0, March 2025) Geospatial database for the spectral characteristics and mapping of lithium-rich playas in the Western U.S. Basin and Range (ver. 2.0, March 2025)
The data included here were used to evaluate the prospectivity for lithium in brines of playas of the western part of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province of the United States. Prospectivity is derived from the mappable criteria used in the descriptive deposit model published by Bradley and others (2013) and focused mainly from the remote sensing point of view. The playas in the...
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase
A mineral resource assessment for tungsten, a critical mineral commodity (see 'Related External Resources' section below) for the United States, was carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for a portion of the Great Basin region, in western Nevada and eastern California, between latitudes 36N and 42N and longitudes 116W and 120W. This study (Lederer and others, in review)...
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results
The dataset consists of the input data, parameters, and results output from mineral resource assessment calculations.
Geochemical data used in the tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California Geochemical data used in the tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has undertaken a mineral resources assessment for tungsten for a portion of the Great Basin in parts of western Nevada and east-central California. This data release provides the Great Basin Tungsten Database: the geospatial and geologic data, and results of chemical analyses for 46,955 samples collected in the assessment area, extracted from the USGS...
Linear Deconvolution Mineral Maps of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska Linear Deconvolution Mineral Maps of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska
These geotiffs represent the raster GIS outputs of Linear Deconvolution (Linear Spectral Unmixing) analysis of ASTER image pixels covering various sand dune and sand sheet fields throughout the Western United States and Alaska. The accompanying sets of zip file contains linear deconvolution derived mineral fractional abundance maps for various 2-, 3-, 4,- and 5-component mixture models...
Visible, Near Infrared, Shortwave Infrared and Thermal Infrared Laboratory Spectra of Samples of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska Visible, Near Infrared, Shortwave Infrared and Thermal Infrared Laboratory Spectra of Samples of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska
This data represents laboratory reflectance and emissivity spectral measurements of dune sand samples collected from a variety of dune types and mineralogical compositions from eight dune field locations in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada and New Mexico (labeled and designated as samples DS-1 through DS-8). Each sample were sieved into various size classes and...
Filter Total Items: 13
USGS critical minerals review USGS critical minerals review
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Patricia J Loferski, Robert R. Seal, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, V. J. S. Grauch, Federico Solano, Joshua Mark Rosera, David George Pineault
Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan
A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten skarn was conducted for the Auminzatau and Kuldjuktau mountain ranges in Central Uzbekistan, along with qualitative assessments of orogenic gold, rare earth elements (REEs), amorphous graphite, and uranium. By integrating a variety of geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing data sets, estimates of undiscovered...
Authors
Joshua Aaron Coyan, Federico Solano, Cliff D. Taylor, Carol A. Finn, Steven M. Smith, Christopher S. Holm-Denoma, Laura Pianowski, Kelsey Elizabeth Crocker, Rustam Mirkamalov, Fareed Divaev, Abdulla Baratov, Botir Khakimov, Jurabek Azimov, Akrom Goipov, Jamshid Avulov, Shokir Akhmadov, Nurbek Inatov, Xurshid Janiev, Nafisa Dulabova
Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California
A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten, a critical mineral commodity with highly concentrated production and a moderate risk of global supply disruption, was conducted for the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California. This assessment was part of a larger effort focusing on three regions in the United States and represents the first study of...
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, Federico Solano, Joshua Aaron Coyan, Kevin Denton, Kathryn E. Watts, Celestine N. Mercer, Damon Bickerstaff, Matthew Granitto
Metallogenic implications of a new geodynamic model for the Eglab, Algeria Metallogenic implications of a new geodynamic model for the Eglab, Algeria
No abstract available.
Authors
Cliff D. Taylor, Dwight Bradley, Carol A. Finn, Arezki Zerrouki, Brahim Ayad, Nadjib F. Belanteur, Nabyl Bouchilaoune, Michaela Johnson, Ghania Meziane, Mark J. Mihalasky, Hamza Mouchene, Samir Oughou, Steven M. Smith, Federico Solano, Siham Zerrouk
Porphyry copper potential of the U.S. Southern Basin and Range using ASTER data integrated with geochemical and geologic datasets to assess potential near-surface deposits in well-explored permissive tracts Porphyry copper potential of the U.S. Southern Basin and Range using ASTER data integrated with geochemical and geologic datasets to assess potential near-surface deposits in well-explored permissive tracts
ArcGIS was used to spatially assess and rank potential porphyry copper deposits using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data together with geochemical and geologic datasets in order to estimate undiscovered deposits in the southern Basin and Range Province in the southwestern United States. The assessment was done using a traditional expert opinion...
Authors
John C. Mars, Robinson, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Lukas Zurcher, Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, Mark E. Gettings, Stephen Ludington
Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States
Between 2007 and 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the...
Authors
David B. Smith, Federico Solano, Laurel G. Woodruff, William F. Cannon, Karl J. Ellefsen
Geochemistry and mineralogy of soils collected in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas Geochemistry and mineralogy of soils collected in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas
Presented in this report are the chemical and mineralogical results of a soil study conducted in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. Samples were collected from soils formed on Holocene alluvial flood-plain and distributary channel deposits of the Rio Grande, flood plain and meander-belt deposits of the Pliocene Goliad Formation, and the Pleistocene Lissie and Beaumont Formations. The...
Authors
Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, Bernard E. Hubbard
Determining mineralogical variations of aeolian deposits using thermal infrared emissivity and linear deconvolution methods Determining mineralogical variations of aeolian deposits using thermal infrared emissivity and linear deconvolution methods
We apply linear deconvolution methods to derive mineral and glass proportions for eight field sample training sites at seven dune fields: (1) Algodones, California; (2) Big Dune, Nevada; (3) Bruneau, Idaho; (4) Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Alaska; (5) Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado; (6) Sunset Crater, Arizona; and (7) White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. These...
Authors
Bernard E. Hubbard, Donald M. Hooper, Federico Solano, John C. Mars
New method to integrate remotely sensed hydrothermal alteration mapping into quantitative mineral resource assessments New method to integrate remotely sensed hydrothermal alteration mapping into quantitative mineral resource assessments
Hydrothermal alteration data mapped using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were compiled into hydrothermal alteration polygons for use in an assessment of porphyry copper mineral resource potential in the southwestern United States. Hydrothermal alteration polygons along with geochemistry, gravity and magnetic, lithologic, and deposit and...
Authors
John C. Mars, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Gilpin R. Robinson, Stephen Ludington, Lukas Zurcher, Helen W. Folger, Mark E. Gettings, Federico Solano, Thomas Kress
The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States
In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km2, 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3)...
Authors
Laurel G. Woodruff, William F. Cannon, David B. Smith, Federico Solano
Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States
The U.S. Geological Survey began sampling in 2007 for a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a...
Authors
David B. Smith, William F. Cannon, Laurel G. Woodruff, Federico Solano, Karl J. Ellefsen
Science and Products
Mineral Resource Assessment Training
The USGS Mineral Resources Program conducts mineral resource assessments and is training USGS scientists in how to conduct these assessments for future work. As a practical exercise, the scientists will conduct an assessment for tungsten in the U.S.
Geospatial database for the spectral characteristics and mapping of lithium-rich playas in the Western U.S. Basin and Range (ver. 2.0, March 2025) Geospatial database for the spectral characteristics and mapping of lithium-rich playas in the Western U.S. Basin and Range (ver. 2.0, March 2025)
The data included here were used to evaluate the prospectivity for lithium in brines of playas of the western part of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province of the United States. Prospectivity is derived from the mappable criteria used in the descriptive deposit model published by Bradley and others (2013) and focused mainly from the remote sensing point of view. The playas in the...
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Geodatabase
A mineral resource assessment for tungsten, a critical mineral commodity (see 'Related External Resources' section below) for the United States, was carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for a portion of the Great Basin region, in western Nevada and eastern California, between latitudes 36N and 42N and longitudes 116W and 120W. This study (Lederer and others, in review)...
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California - Simulation results
The dataset consists of the input data, parameters, and results output from mineral resource assessment calculations.
Geochemical data used in the tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California Geochemical data used in the tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has undertaken a mineral resources assessment for tungsten for a portion of the Great Basin in parts of western Nevada and east-central California. This data release provides the Great Basin Tungsten Database: the geospatial and geologic data, and results of chemical analyses for 46,955 samples collected in the assessment area, extracted from the USGS...
Linear Deconvolution Mineral Maps of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska Linear Deconvolution Mineral Maps of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska
These geotiffs represent the raster GIS outputs of Linear Deconvolution (Linear Spectral Unmixing) analysis of ASTER image pixels covering various sand dune and sand sheet fields throughout the Western United States and Alaska. The accompanying sets of zip file contains linear deconvolution derived mineral fractional abundance maps for various 2-, 3-, 4,- and 5-component mixture models...
Visible, Near Infrared, Shortwave Infrared and Thermal Infrared Laboratory Spectra of Samples of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska Visible, Near Infrared, Shortwave Infrared and Thermal Infrared Laboratory Spectra of Samples of Compositionally Variable Dune Fields in the Western United States and Alaska
This data represents laboratory reflectance and emissivity spectral measurements of dune sand samples collected from a variety of dune types and mineralogical compositions from eight dune field locations in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada and New Mexico (labeled and designated as samples DS-1 through DS-8). Each sample were sieved into various size classes and...
Filter Total Items: 13
USGS critical minerals review USGS critical minerals review
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Patricia J Loferski, Robert R. Seal, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, V. J. S. Grauch, Federico Solano, Joshua Mark Rosera, David George Pineault
Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan Tungsten skarn quantitative mineral resource assessment and gold, rare earth elements, graphite, and uranium qualitative assessments of the Kuldjuktau and Auminzatau Ranges, in the central Kyzylkum region, Uzbekistan
A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten skarn was conducted for the Auminzatau and Kuldjuktau mountain ranges in Central Uzbekistan, along with qualitative assessments of orogenic gold, rare earth elements (REEs), amorphous graphite, and uranium. By integrating a variety of geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing data sets, estimates of undiscovered...
Authors
Joshua Aaron Coyan, Federico Solano, Cliff D. Taylor, Carol A. Finn, Steven M. Smith, Christopher S. Holm-Denoma, Laura Pianowski, Kelsey Elizabeth Crocker, Rustam Mirkamalov, Fareed Divaev, Abdulla Baratov, Botir Khakimov, Jurabek Azimov, Akrom Goipov, Jamshid Avulov, Shokir Akhmadov, Nurbek Inatov, Xurshid Janiev, Nafisa Dulabova
Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California Tungsten skarn mineral resource assessment of the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California
A new quantitative mineral resource assessment for tungsten, a critical mineral commodity with highly concentrated production and a moderate risk of global supply disruption, was conducted for the Great Basin region of western Nevada and eastern California. This assessment was part of a larger effort focusing on three regions in the United States and represents the first study of...
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, Federico Solano, Joshua Aaron Coyan, Kevin Denton, Kathryn E. Watts, Celestine N. Mercer, Damon Bickerstaff, Matthew Granitto
Metallogenic implications of a new geodynamic model for the Eglab, Algeria Metallogenic implications of a new geodynamic model for the Eglab, Algeria
No abstract available.
Authors
Cliff D. Taylor, Dwight Bradley, Carol A. Finn, Arezki Zerrouki, Brahim Ayad, Nadjib F. Belanteur, Nabyl Bouchilaoune, Michaela Johnson, Ghania Meziane, Mark J. Mihalasky, Hamza Mouchene, Samir Oughou, Steven M. Smith, Federico Solano, Siham Zerrouk
Porphyry copper potential of the U.S. Southern Basin and Range using ASTER data integrated with geochemical and geologic datasets to assess potential near-surface deposits in well-explored permissive tracts Porphyry copper potential of the U.S. Southern Basin and Range using ASTER data integrated with geochemical and geologic datasets to assess potential near-surface deposits in well-explored permissive tracts
ArcGIS was used to spatially assess and rank potential porphyry copper deposits using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data together with geochemical and geologic datasets in order to estimate undiscovered deposits in the southern Basin and Range Province in the southwestern United States. The assessment was done using a traditional expert opinion...
Authors
John C. Mars, Robinson, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Lukas Zurcher, Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, Mark E. Gettings, Stephen Ludington
Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States
Between 2007 and 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the...
Authors
David B. Smith, Federico Solano, Laurel G. Woodruff, William F. Cannon, Karl J. Ellefsen
Geochemistry and mineralogy of soils collected in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas Geochemistry and mineralogy of soils collected in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas
Presented in this report are the chemical and mineralogical results of a soil study conducted in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. Samples were collected from soils formed on Holocene alluvial flood-plain and distributary channel deposits of the Rio Grande, flood plain and meander-belt deposits of the Pliocene Goliad Formation, and the Pleistocene Lissie and Beaumont Formations. The...
Authors
Helen A. Whitney, Federico Solano, Bernard E. Hubbard
Determining mineralogical variations of aeolian deposits using thermal infrared emissivity and linear deconvolution methods Determining mineralogical variations of aeolian deposits using thermal infrared emissivity and linear deconvolution methods
We apply linear deconvolution methods to derive mineral and glass proportions for eight field sample training sites at seven dune fields: (1) Algodones, California; (2) Big Dune, Nevada; (3) Bruneau, Idaho; (4) Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Alaska; (5) Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado; (6) Sunset Crater, Arizona; and (7) White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. These...
Authors
Bernard E. Hubbard, Donald M. Hooper, Federico Solano, John C. Mars
New method to integrate remotely sensed hydrothermal alteration mapping into quantitative mineral resource assessments New method to integrate remotely sensed hydrothermal alteration mapping into quantitative mineral resource assessments
Hydrothermal alteration data mapped using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were compiled into hydrothermal alteration polygons for use in an assessment of porphyry copper mineral resource potential in the southwestern United States. Hydrothermal alteration polygons along with geochemistry, gravity and magnetic, lithologic, and deposit and...
Authors
John C. Mars, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Gilpin R. Robinson, Stephen Ludington, Lukas Zurcher, Helen W. Folger, Mark E. Gettings, Federico Solano, Thomas Kress
The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States
In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km2, 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3)...
Authors
Laurel G. Woodruff, William F. Cannon, David B. Smith, Federico Solano
Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States Geochemical and mineralogical maps for soils of the conterminous United States
The U.S. Geological Survey began sampling in 2007 for a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a...
Authors
David B. Smith, William F. Cannon, Laurel G. Woodruff, Federico Solano, Karl J. Ellefsen