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W. Barclay Shoemaker

    

W. Barclay Shoemaker is a research hydrologist for the U.S. Geological Survey in Davie, Florida. His interests include numerical modeling, micrometeorology, and hydrologic characterization for conflicts over water. Barclay was invited to appear on a National Public Radio (NPR) show titled "Florida Aquifer and Saltwater". He has authored numerous USGS technical reports and journal articles; and has served as peer-reviewer for scientific journals including Ground Water and Water Resources Research.

Science and Products

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ET evapotranspiration weather tower research

Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration can be computed as reference, potential, or actual evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration is that from a grass surface that is well-watered. Potential evapotranspiration is that from a surface that has unlimited water (such as a lake). Reference and potential evapotranspiration are computed at a 2-kilometer spatial resolution and daily timestep for the state of Florida...
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
link

Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration can be computed as reference, potential, or actual evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration is that from a grass surface that is well-watered. Potential evapotranspiration is that from a surface that has unlimited water (such as a lake). Reference and potential evapotranspiration are computed at a 2-kilometer spatial resolution and daily timestep for the state of Florida...
Learn More
link
Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Floral City, FL

Evapotranspiration and Carbon-Flux Network

The U.S. Geological Survey Florida Evapotranspiration Network is a collection of historical and current evapotranspiration monitoring sites representing various locations/landscapes/environmental settings in Florida. The USGS collects the evapotranspiration data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for science-based water resources planning and management. Micro-meteorological methods –...
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
link

Evapotranspiration and Carbon-Flux Network

The U.S. Geological Survey Florida Evapotranspiration Network is a collection of historical and current evapotranspiration monitoring sites representing various locations/landscapes/environmental settings in Florida. The USGS collects the evapotranspiration data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for science-based water resources planning and management. Micro-meteorological methods –...
Learn More

Digital & NDVI Image Capturing Temporal Changes in Vegetation within Wetlands in South Florida

This data set includes images from Dwarf Cypress located within Big Cypress National Preserve. Images were taken multiple times daily from February 2021 to June 2024 using a five-band multispectral camera equipped for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensing and standard high-quality photographs.
By
Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Daily evaporation rates computed using five methods at the LZ40 platform in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, December 2012 to December 2016

Daily evaporation rates were calculated at the open-water LZ40-platform in the interior of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, from December 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016 using five methods (Shoemaker et al., 2024); specifically, the Penman, Priestly-Taylor, Mass-Transfer, Simple, and Turc equations. Bowen-ratio energy-budget derived daily evaporation rates calculated from micro-meteorological data at t
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological data, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite, Florida

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological (minimum/maximum temperature, minimum/maximum relative humidity, and me
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration Data within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2021

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 1/1/2021 to 12/31/2021 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing sub-daily (30-minute) and daily ET records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolak
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Radiometer data from LZ40 in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 2021

A four-component (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation) radiometer (model CNR1) was installed on a monitoring station (LZ40) constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) in the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in Florida, located at 26 degrees 54 minutes 06.254 seconds North, 080 degrees 47 minutes 21.301 seconds West. Specific time-series collected for
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration at the Clewiston Marsh Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, June 15, 2017 - January 21, 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/15/2017 to 1/21/2020 from an ET station in wetlands along the western perimeter of Lake Okeechobee, near Clewiston, Florida. The dominant plant cover at the study site is sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) with secondary amounts of cattails and open water surfaces such as canals for boat navigation. Sawgrass
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Indian River County, Florida, 2018 to 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/14/2018 to 12/31/2020 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, within Indian River County, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolakovic, 2009) that was re
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation at LZ40 Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, Florida, January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

Daily measurements of evaporation using the Bowen ratio method were made at USGS station name LZ40 (USGS site number 265405080472100), a platform-based station constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Meteorological and environmental variables were measured every 30 seconds and averaged at 15-minute resolution, includ
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological data from weather stations, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite, Florida, 2019

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological data (minimum/maximum tempera
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological, solar insolation, and blue-sky albedo, Florida, 2019

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological data (minimum/maximum tempera
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Potential Accumulation of Soil Organic Matter from Carbon Cycling within Greater Everglades Cypress and Pine Forested Wetlands data

These data quantify components of the carbon cycle within Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. Continuous data time-series include net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide, methanogenesis, and soil bulk density.
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2015 to 2018

he dataset consists of a table in Excel format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 12/1/2015 to 6/13/2018 at ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods. Data processing followed methods outlined by Shoemaker and others (2011). Ancillary data includes net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat,
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation from the interior of Lake Okeechobee—A large freshwater lake in Florida, 2013–16

In 2012, a platform at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in central Florida was instrumented to continuously measure evaporation with the Bowen-ratio energy-budget method as part of a long-term partnership between the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Geological Survey. The primary goal for the study was to quantify daily rates of open-water evaporation. A secondary goal
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, Qinglong Wu
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands

In forested wetlands, accumulation of organic matter in soil is partly governed by carbon fluxes where photosynthesis, respiration, lateral advection of waterborne carbon, fire-derived carbon emissions, and methanogenesis are balanced by changes in stored carbon. Stored carbon can eventually accumulate as soil over time if net primary productivity exceeds biomass decomposition. For this study, pot
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, Frank E. Anderson, Andre Daniels, Matt Sirianni
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, California Water Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center , Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Effects of dynamically variable saturation and matrix-conduit coupling of flow in karst aquifers

Well-developed karst aquifers consist of highly conductive conduits and a relatively low permeability fractured and/or porous rock matrix and therefore behave as a dual-hydraulic system. Groundwater flow within highly permeable strata is rapid and transient and depends on local flow conditions, i.e., pressurized or nonpressurized flow. The characterization of karst aquifers is a necessary and chal
Authors
Thomas Reimann, T. Geyer, W.B. Shoemaker, R. Liedl, M. Sauter

The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models

Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered by adapting the hydraulic conductivity within the cont
Authors
Thomas Reimann, C. Rehrl, W.B. Shoemaker, T. Geyer, S. Birk

Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration

The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The
Authors
W.B. Shoemaker, S. Huddleston, C.L. Boudreau, A. M. O'Reilly

Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model

Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution
Authors
W.B. Shoemaker
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Science and Products

link
ET evapotranspiration weather tower research

Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration can be computed as reference, potential, or actual evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration is that from a grass surface that is well-watered. Potential evapotranspiration is that from a surface that has unlimited water (such as a lake). Reference and potential evapotranspiration are computed at a 2-kilometer spatial resolution and daily timestep for the state of Florida...
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
link

Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration can be computed as reference, potential, or actual evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration is that from a grass surface that is well-watered. Potential evapotranspiration is that from a surface that has unlimited water (such as a lake). Reference and potential evapotranspiration are computed at a 2-kilometer spatial resolution and daily timestep for the state of Florida...
Learn More
link
Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Floral City, FL

Evapotranspiration and Carbon-Flux Network

The U.S. Geological Survey Florida Evapotranspiration Network is a collection of historical and current evapotranspiration monitoring sites representing various locations/landscapes/environmental settings in Florida. The USGS collects the evapotranspiration data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for science-based water resources planning and management. Micro-meteorological methods –...
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)
link

Evapotranspiration and Carbon-Flux Network

The U.S. Geological Survey Florida Evapotranspiration Network is a collection of historical and current evapotranspiration monitoring sites representing various locations/landscapes/environmental settings in Florida. The USGS collects the evapotranspiration data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for science-based water resources planning and management. Micro-meteorological methods –...
Learn More

Digital & NDVI Image Capturing Temporal Changes in Vegetation within Wetlands in South Florida

This data set includes images from Dwarf Cypress located within Big Cypress National Preserve. Images were taken multiple times daily from February 2021 to June 2024 using a five-band multispectral camera equipped for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensing and standard high-quality photographs.
By
Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Daily evaporation rates computed using five methods at the LZ40 platform in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, December 2012 to December 2016

Daily evaporation rates were calculated at the open-water LZ40-platform in the interior of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, from December 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016 using five methods (Shoemaker et al., 2024); specifically, the Penman, Priestly-Taylor, Mass-Transfer, Simple, and Turc equations. Bowen-ratio energy-budget derived daily evaporation rates calculated from micro-meteorological data at t
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological data, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite, Florida

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological (minimum/maximum temperature, minimum/maximum relative humidity, and me
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration Data within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2021

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 1/1/2021 to 12/31/2021 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing sub-daily (30-minute) and daily ET records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolak
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Radiometer data from LZ40 in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 2021

A four-component (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation) radiometer (model CNR1) was installed on a monitoring station (LZ40) constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) in the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in Florida, located at 26 degrees 54 minutes 06.254 seconds North, 080 degrees 47 minutes 21.301 seconds West. Specific time-series collected for
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration at the Clewiston Marsh Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, June 15, 2017 - January 21, 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/15/2017 to 1/21/2020 from an ET station in wetlands along the western perimeter of Lake Okeechobee, near Clewiston, Florida. The dominant plant cover at the study site is sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) with secondary amounts of cattails and open water surfaces such as canals for boat navigation. Sawgrass
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Indian River County, Florida, 2018 to 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/14/2018 to 12/31/2020 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, within Indian River County, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolakovic, 2009) that was re
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation at LZ40 Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, Florida, January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

Daily measurements of evaporation using the Bowen ratio method were made at USGS station name LZ40 (USGS site number 265405080472100), a platform-based station constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Meteorological and environmental variables were measured every 30 seconds and averaged at 15-minute resolution, includ
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological data from weather stations, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite, Florida, 2019

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological data (minimum/maximum tempera
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological, solar insolation, and blue-sky albedo, Florida, 2019

Potential evapotranspiration (PET), and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-scale from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed on the basis of solar radiation, meteorological data (minimum/maximum tempera
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Potential Accumulation of Soil Organic Matter from Carbon Cycling within Greater Everglades Cypress and Pine Forested Wetlands data

These data quantify components of the carbon cycle within Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. Continuous data time-series include net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide, methanogenesis, and soil bulk density.
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2015 to 2018

he dataset consists of a table in Excel format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 12/1/2015 to 6/13/2018 at ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods. Data processing followed methods outlined by Shoemaker and others (2011). Ancillary data includes net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat,
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation from the interior of Lake Okeechobee—A large freshwater lake in Florida, 2013–16

In 2012, a platform at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in central Florida was instrumented to continuously measure evaporation with the Bowen-ratio energy-budget method as part of a long-term partnership between the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Geological Survey. The primary goal for the study was to quantify daily rates of open-water evaporation. A secondary goal
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, Qinglong Wu
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Carbon fluxes and potential soil accumulation within Greater Everglades cypress and pine forested wetlands

In forested wetlands, accumulation of organic matter in soil is partly governed by carbon fluxes where photosynthesis, respiration, lateral advection of waterborne carbon, fire-derived carbon emissions, and methanogenesis are balanced by changes in stored carbon. Stored carbon can eventually accumulate as soil over time if net primary productivity exceeds biomass decomposition. For this study, pot
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, Frank E. Anderson, Andre Daniels, Matt Sirianni
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, California Water Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center , Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Effects of dynamically variable saturation and matrix-conduit coupling of flow in karst aquifers

Well-developed karst aquifers consist of highly conductive conduits and a relatively low permeability fractured and/or porous rock matrix and therefore behave as a dual-hydraulic system. Groundwater flow within highly permeable strata is rapid and transient and depends on local flow conditions, i.e., pressurized or nonpressurized flow. The characterization of karst aquifers is a necessary and chal
Authors
Thomas Reimann, T. Geyer, W.B. Shoemaker, R. Liedl, M. Sauter

The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models

Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered by adapting the hydraulic conductivity within the cont
Authors
Thomas Reimann, C. Rehrl, W.B. Shoemaker, T. Geyer, S. Birk

Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration

The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The
Authors
W.B. Shoemaker, S. Huddleston, C.L. Boudreau, A. M. O'Reilly

Important observations and parameters for a salt water intrusion model

Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt water intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive analysis alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity is a very important parameter for reproducing a steady-state distribution
Authors
W.B. Shoemaker
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
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