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Evapotranspiration and Carbon-Flux Network Active

By Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC) February 5, 2019

The U.S. Geological Survey Florida Evapotranspiration Network is a collection of historical and current evapotranspiration monitoring sites representing various locations/landscapes/environmental settings in Florida. The USGS collects the evapotranspiration data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for science-based water resources planning and management. Micro-meteorological methods – eddy covariance and Bowen ratio energy budget – are commonly used by the USGS and the scientific community to monitor evapotranspiration.

The following list includes publications and data releases per evapotranspiration monitoring sites. Links to all publications are also beneath Data and Publications tabs.

Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Floral City, FL
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
Picture of Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Floral City, Florida.
Bowen ratio energy budget evaporation station
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
Picture of the USGS Bowen ratio energy budget evaporation station at Reedy Lake, Florida
Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Orlando, FL
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station at Orlando, FL. Urban Orlando landscape.

 

Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station. Tower deployment at Big Cypress National Preserve.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.
Eddy covariance evapotranspiration station. Tower deployment at Big Cypress National Preserve, FL.

  1. Cypress-Pine forest – relatively shallow water table – Volusia County, Florida
    Data Release: Evapotranspiration (ET) at Tiger Bay State Forest site, Volusia County, Florida, January 1, 1998 - December 31, 1999 - ScienceBase-Catalog

    Associated publication: Sumner, D.M., 2001, Evapotranspiration from a Cypress and Pine Forest Subjected to Natural Fires in Volusia County, Florida, 1998-99: Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4245, 55 p., Water Resources Investigations Report 01-4245 Abstract (usgs.gov)
     

  2. Big Cypress National Preserve landscapes – forested cypress and pine wetlands, marsh and dry prairie – Collier County and Monroe County, Florida
    Data contained in tabular form within publication:  Shoemaker, W.B., and Lopez, C.D., and Duever, Michael, 2011, Evapotranspiration over spatially extensive plant communities in the Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida, 2007–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5212, 46 p. sir20115212.pdf (usgs.gov)
     
  3. Forested wetland – deciduous trees; inundated or shallow water table – Hillsborough County, Florida
    Evapotranspiration (ET) data at Dead River forested wetland site, Hillsborough County, Florida, December 2009 - February 2016 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  4. Urban landscape – Orange County, Florida
    Data Release: Evapotranspiration (ET) at University of Central Florida urban site, daily data, Orange County, Florida, January 29, 2009 - September 27, 2012 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  5. Everglades landscapes – sawgrass and cattail marshes, dry prairie, open water – Miami-Dade County, Broward County, Palm Beach County, Florida
    Data contained in tabular form within publication: German, E.R., 2000, Regional Evaluation of Evapotranspiration in the Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4217, 48 p., Water Resources Investigations Report 00-4217 Abstract (usgs.gov)
     
  6. Freshwater marsh – Blue Cypress Marsh - Indian River County, Florida
    Data Releases:
    - Evapotranspiration (ET) at Blue Cypress marsh site, daily data, Indian River County, Florida, June 1, 1995 – October 20, 2014 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2015 to 2018 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Indian River County, Florida, 2018 to 2020 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Evapotranspiration Data within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2021 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  7. Marsh – vegetated part of Lake Okeechobee – Hendry County, Florida
    Evapotranspiration at the Clewiston Marsh Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, June 15, 2017 - January 21, 2020 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  8. Open water – Reedy Lake (dark water) – Orange County, Florida
    Data Release: Evaporation at Reedy Lake, daily data, Orange County, Florida, November 28,2001 - December 16, 2019 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  9. Open water – Lake Panasoffkee – Sumter County, Florida
    Data contained in tabular form within publication: Swancar, Amy, 2015, Comparison of evaporation at two central Florida lakes, April 2005–November 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1075, 16 p., McBride, W.S., Bellino, J.C., and Swancar, Amy, 2011, Hydrology, water budget, and water chemistry of Lake Panasoffkee, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5237, 96 p., USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5237: Hydrology, Water Budget, and Water Chemistry of Lake Panasoffkee, West-Central Florida
     
  10. Open water – two lakes, one relatively shallow (Lake Calm) and one relatively deep (Lake Starr) – Hillsborough County and Polk County, respectively, Florida
    Data contained in tabular form within publication: Swancar, Amy, 2015, Comparison of evaporation at two central Florida lakes, April 2005–November 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1075, 16 p., Comparison of evaporation at two central Florida lakes, April 2005–November 2007 (usgs.gov)
     
  11. Open water – Lake Okeechobee – Palm Beach County, Florida
    - Evaporation at LZ40 Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, Florida, November 16, 2012 - December 31, 2019 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Evaporation at LZ40 Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, Florida, January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Evapotranspiration Data within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2021 - ScienceBase-Catalog
    - Radiometer data from LZ40 in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 2021 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  12. Open water – estuary – Brevard County, Florida
    Data contained in summary and graphical form within: Sumner, D.M., Belaineh, G. Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary. Estuaries 28, 844–855 (2005). Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary | SpringerLink
     
  13. Pasture – shallow water table – Pasco County, Florida
    Evapotranspiration data at Starkey pasture site, Pasco County, Florida, January 2010 - April 2016 - ScienceBase-Catalog

    Associated publication: Sumner, D., Geurink, J. and Swancar A., 2017, Use of eddy-covariance methods to “calibrate” simple estimators of evapotranspiration, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Conference paper number 1700912, Use of eddy-covariance methods to "calibrate" simple estimators of evapotranspiration (asabe.org)
     

  14. Pasture – shallow water table – Brevard County, Florida
    Data contained within tabular form within publication: Sumner, David M., 2006. Adequacy of Selected Evapotranspiration Approximations for Hydrologic Simulation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 42(3):699-711.
     
  15. Pasture – deep water table – Citrus County, Florida
    Data contained within tabular form within publication: Sumner, D.M. and Jacobs, J.M. (2005) Utility of Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, Reference Evapotranspiration, and Pan Evaporation Methods to Estimate Pasture Evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, 308, 81-104.
     
  16. Weed vegetation – relatively deep water table – Orange County, Florida
    Data Release: Evapotranspiration (ET) at Lake Wales Ridge site, 20-minute data, Orange County, Florida, September 15, 1993 - August 27, 1994 - ScienceBase-Catalog

    Associated publication: Sumner, D.M., 1996, Evapotranspiration from Successional Vegetation in a Deforested Area of the Lake Wales Ridge, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4244, 37 p,: Water Resources Investigations Report 96-4244 Abstract (usgs.gov)
     

  17. Agriculture – green peppers – Collier County, Florida
    Evapotranspiration (ET) data at Immokalee row crop site, Collier County, Florida, September 22, 2008 - January 8, 2009 - ScienceBase-Catalog
     
  18. Agriculture – citrus grove – DeSoto County, Florida
    National Water Information System (NWIS) site USGS 271042081462301 2X4 CITRUS CLIMATE STATION NEAR ARCADIA FL

    Associated publication: Jia, X., Swancar A., Jacobs, J. M., and Dukes, M. D., 2005, Comparison of evapotranspiration from citrus groves in flatwoods and ridge soils, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Conference paper number 052251, Comparison of Evapotranspiration from Citrus Groves in Flatwoods and Ridge Soils (asabe.org)

Filter Total Items: 14

Evapotranspiration Data within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2021

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 1/1/2021 to 12/31/2021 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing sub-daily (30-minute) and daily ET records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolak
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Radiometer data from LZ40 in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, 2021

A four-component (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation) radiometer (model CNR1) was installed on a monitoring station (LZ40) constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) in the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in Florida, located at 26 degrees 54 minutes 06.254 seconds North, 080 degrees 47 minutes 21.301 seconds West. Specific time-series collected for
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration at the Clewiston Marsh Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Florida, June 15, 2017 - January 21, 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/15/2017 to 1/21/2020 from an ET station in wetlands along the western perimeter of Lake Okeechobee, near Clewiston, Florida. The dominant plant cover at the study site is sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) with secondary amounts of cattails and open water surfaces such as canals for boat navigation. Sawgrass
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Indian River County, Florida, 2018 to 2020

The dataset includes a table in comma delimited format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 6/14/2018 to 12/31/2020 from an ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, within Indian River County, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods and missing records were gap-filled with a version of the Turc equation (Trajkovic and Kolakovic, 2009) that was re
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation at LZ40 Platform, Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, Florida, January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020

Daily measurements of evaporation using the Bowen ratio method were made at USGS station name LZ40 (USGS site number 265405080472100), a platform-based station constructed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Meteorological and environmental variables were measured every 30 seconds and averaged at 15-minute resolution, includ
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evaporation at Reedy Lake, daily data, Orange County, Florida, November 28,2001 - December 16, 2019

The data consists of daily evaporation measurements/estimates for the time period November 28, 2001 to December 16, 2019. These data are derived from Bowen ratio energy budget computations of actual evaporation based on meteorological and water temperature data at the USGS Reedy Lake evaporation station (USGS station number 282458081364800). This station is located near the center of a lake within
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration within Blue Cypress Marsh, Vero Beach, Florida, 2015 to 2018

he dataset consists of a table in Excel format of daily evapotranspiration (ET) from 12/1/2015 to 6/13/2018 at ET station within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area near Vero Beach, Florida. Evapotranspiration was estimated using eddy-covariance methods. Data processing followed methods outlined by Shoemaker and others (2011). Ancillary data includes net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat,
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration (ET) at Tiger Bay State Forest site, Volusia County, Florida, January 1, 1998 - December 31, 1999

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release consists of daily evapotranspiration (ET) measurements/estimates for the time period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999. These data are derived from measurements of actual ET conducted at a height of 36.5 meters on a communications-type tower in Tiger Bay State Forest. The station is located at a nearly flat site (29 degrees 8 minutes 15 seconds No
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration (ET) at University of Central Florida urban site, daily data, Orange County, Florida, January 29, 2009 - September 27, 2012

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release consists of daily evapotranspiration (ET) measurements/estimates for the time period January 29, 2009 to September 27, 2012. These data are derived from measurements of actual ET conducted at a height of 73 meters on the University of Central Florida WUCF 89.9 radio tower. The station is located at a nearly flat site (28 degrees 35 minutes 27 seconds
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration (ET) at Lake Wales Ridge site, 20-minute data, Orange County, Florida, September 15, 1993 - August 27, 1994

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release consists of 20-minute evapotranspiration (ET) measurements/estimates for the time period September 15, 1993 to August 27, 1994. These data are derived from measurements of actual ET conducted at a site within the Lake Wales Ridge, Florida characterized by sandy, rapidly-drained soils, and hilly topography. The station is located at a site (28 degrees
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration (ET) data at Immokalee row crop site, Collier County, Florida, September 22, 2008 - January 8, 2009

The data set consists of evapotranspiration measurements made at the U.S. Geological Survey Immokalee row crop climate station beginning September 22, 2008 and ending January 8, 2009. Daily evapotranspiration rates corrected to a near-surface energy-budget varied from 0.1 millimeter (9/28/2008) to 3.3 millimeters (9/24/2008). The eddy-covariance method was used, with high-frequency sensors install
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration (ET) at Blue Cypress marsh site, daily data, Indian River County, Florida, June 1, 1995 October 20, 2014

The data set consists of evapotranspiration (ET) measurements/estimates based on data collected at the USGS Blue Cypress marsh station 274143080424100 beginning June 1, 1995 and ending October 20, 2014. The station is located at a nearly flat wetlands site (27o 41 43 N 80o 42 41 W) within the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area, Indian River County, Florida. The dominant plant cover at the study
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Below are publications associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 18

Comparison of evaporation at two central Florida lakes, April 2005–November 2007

Evaporation from April 2005 through October 2007 at two central Florida lakes, one close to the Gulf of Mexico and one in the center of the peninsula, was 4.043 and 4.111 meters (m), respectively; evaporation for 2006 was 1.534 and 1.538 m, respectively. Although annual evaporation rates at the two lakes were similar, there were monthly differences between the two lakes because of changes in store
Authors
Amy Swancar
By
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Evapotranspiration over spatially extensive plant communities in the Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida, 2007-2010

Evapotranspiration (ET) was quantified over plant communities within the Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) using the eddy covariance method for a period of 3 years from October 2007 to September 2010. Plant communities selected for study included Pine Upland, Wet Prairie, Marsh, Cypress Swamp, and Dwarf Cypress. These plant communities are spatially extensive in southern Florida, and thus, the
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, Christian D. Lopez, Michael J. Duever
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center (CFWSC)

Variability of albedo and utility of the MODIS albedo product in forested wetlands

Albedo was monitored over a two-year period (beginning April 2008) at three forested wetland sites in Florida, USA using up- and down-ward facing pyranometers. Water level, above and below land surface, is the primary control on the temporal variability of daily albedo. Relatively low reflectivity of water accounts for the observed reductions in albedo with increased inundation of the forest floor
Authors
David M. Sumner, Qinglong Wu, Chandra S. Pathak
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration

The sensitivity of wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets to evapotranspiration (ET) was examined using a simplified hydrologic model and eight representations of ET. Estimates of ET that created the most reliable wetland saturated hydraulic heads and water budgets employed vegetation coefficients to correct potential ET, calculated by the Priestley-Taylor equation, to actual ET. The
Authors
W.B. Shoemaker, S. Huddleston, C.L. Boudreau, A. M. O'Reilly

Effects of the temporal variability of evapotranspiration on hydrologic simulation in central Florida

The transient response of a hydrologic system can be of concern to water-resource managers, because it is often extreme relatively short-lived events, such as floods or droughts, that profoundly influence the management of the resource. The water available to a hydrologic system for stream flow and aquifer recharge is determined by the difference of precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). As su
Authors
Andrew M. O'Reilly
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Alternate corrections for estimating actual wetland evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration

Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the r
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, D. M. Sumner

Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation

Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrate
Authors
D. M. Sumner

Hydrologic response in karstic-ridge wetlands to rainfall and evapotranspiration, central Florida, 2001-2003

Two internally drained karstic wetlands in central Florida-Boggy Marsh at the Hilochee Wildlife Management Area and a large unnamed wetland at the Lyonia Preserve-were studied during 2001-03 to gain a better understanding of the net-recharge function that these wetlands provide, the significance of exchanges with ground water with regard to wetland water budgets, and the variability in wetland hyd
Authors
Leel Knowles, G. G. Phelps, Sandra L. Kinnaman, Edward R. German

Estimating changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water and factors controlling their importance in the surface energy budget

Changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water can be a considerable component of the surface energy budget, an attribute that is demonstrated by comparing changes in stored heat energy to net radiation at seven sites in the wetland areas of southern Florida, including the Everglades. The magnitude of changes in stored heat energy approached the magnitude of net radiation m
Authors
W. Barclay Shoemaker, David M. Sumner, Adrian Castillo

Utility of Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, reference evapotranspiration, and pan evaporation methods to estimate pasture evapotranspiration

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured at 30-min resolution over a 19-month period (September 28, 2000-April 23, 2002) from a nonirrigated pasture site in Florida, USA, using eddy correlation methods. The relative magnitude of measured ETa (about 66% of long-term annual precipitation at the study site) indicates the importance of accurate ET a estimates for water resources planning. The time
Authors
D. M. Sumner, J.M. Jacobs

Evaporation, precipitation, and associated salinity changes at a humid, subtropical estuary

The distilling effect of evaporation and the diluting effect of precipitation on salinity at two estuarine sites in the humid subtropical setting of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were evaluated based on daily evaporation computed with an energy-budget method and measured precipitation. Despite the larger magnitude of evaporation (about 1,58 mm yr−1) compared to precipitation (about 1,180 mm yr
Authors
D. M. Sumner, G. Belaineh

Regional evaluation of evapotranspiration in the Everglades

Nine sites in the Florida Everglades were selected and instrumented for collection of data necessary for evapotranspiration-determination using the Bowen-ratio energy-budget method. The sites were selected to represent the sawgrass or cattail marshes, wet prairie, and open-water areas that constitute most of the natural Everglades system. At each site, measurements necessary for evapotranspiration
Authors
E. R. German

Below are partners associated with this project.

County of Volusia

Northwest Florida Water Management District

Reedy Creek Improvement District

South Florida Water Management District

Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD)

St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida

Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida

Tampa Bay Water