Publications
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Magnetic storms and induction hazards Magnetic storms and induction hazards
Magnetic storms are potentially hazardous to the activities and technological infrastructure of modern civilization. This reality was dramatically demonstrated during the great magnetic storm of March 1989, when surface geoelectric fields, produced by the interaction of the time-varying geomagnetic field with the Earth's electrically conducting interior, coupled onto the overlying Hydro...
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Antti Pulkkinen, Christopher Balch
Magma supply, storage, and transport at shield-stage Hawaiian volcanoes Magma supply, storage, and transport at shield-stage Hawaiian volcanoes
The characteristics of magma supply, storage, and transport are among the most critical parameters governing volcanic activity, yet they remain largely unconstrained because all three processes are hidden beneath the surface. Hawaiian volcanoes, particularly Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, offer excellent prospects for studying subsurface magmatic processes, owing to their accessibility and...
Authors
Michael P. Poland, Asta Miklius, Emily K. Montgomery-Brown
Key recovery factors for the August 24, 2014, South Napa Earthquake Key recovery factors for the August 24, 2014, South Napa Earthquake
Through discussions between the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) following the South Napa earthquake, it was determined that several key decision points would be faced by FEMA for which additional information should be sought and provided by USGS and its partners. This report addresses the four tasks that were agreed to. These tasks are (1)
Authors
Kenneth W. Hudnut, Thomas M. Brocher, Carol S. Prentice, John Boatwright, Benjamin A. Brooks, Brad T. Aagaard, J. Luke Blair, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, Jemile Erdem, Charles W. Wicks, Jessica R. Murray, Fred F. Pollitz, John O. Langbein, Jerry L. Svarc, David P. Schwartz, Daniel J. Ponti, Suzanne Hecker, Stephen B. DeLong, Carla M. Rosa, Brenda Jones, Rynn M. Lamb, Anne M. Rosinski, Timothy P. McCrink, Timothy E. Dawson, Gordon G. Seitz, Craig Glennie, Darren Hauser, Todd Ericksen, Dan Mardock, Don F. Hoirup, Jonathan D. Bray, Ron S. Rubin
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism
In the beginning of the 20th century, geologist Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., argued that, to fully understand volcanic and associated hazards, the expeditionary mode of studying eruptions only after they occurred was inadequate. Instead, he fervently advocated the use of permanent observatories to record and measure volcanic phenomena—at and below the surface—before, during, and after...
Authors
Robert I. Tilling, James P. Kauahikaua, Steven R. Brantley, Christina A. Neal
One hundred volatile years of volcanic gas studies at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory One hundred volatile years of volcanic gas studies at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
The first volcanic gas studies in Hawai‘i, beginning in 1912, established that volatile emissions from Kīlauea Volcano contained mostly water vapor, in addition to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. This straightforward discovery overturned a popular volatile theory of the day and, in the same action, helped affirm Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr.’s, vision of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)...
Authors
A.J. Sutton, Tamar Elias
Natural hazards and risk reduction in Hawaii Natural hazards and risk reduction in Hawaii
Significant progress has been made over the past century in understanding, characterizing, and communicating the societal risks posed by volcanic, earthquake, and tsunami hazards in Hawai‘i. The work of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), with a century-long commitment to serving the public with credible hazards information, contributed substantially to this global progress. Thomas A...
Authors
James P. Kauahikaua, Robert I. Tilling
Instability of Hawaiian volcanoes Instability of Hawaiian volcanoes
Hawaiian volcanoes build long rift zones and some of the largest volcanic edifices on Earth. For the active volcanoes on the Island of Hawai‘i, the growth of these rift zones is upward and seaward and occurs through a repetitive process of decades-long buildup of a magma-system head along the rift zones, followed by rapid large-scale displacement of the seaward flank in seconds to...
Authors
Roger P. Denlinger, Julia K. Morgan
A century of studying effusive eruptions in Hawaii A century of studying effusive eruptions in Hawaii
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) was established as a natural laboratory to study volcanic processes. Since the most frequent form of volcanic activity in Hawai‘i is effusive, a major contribution of the past century of research at HVO has been to describe and quantify lava flow emplacement processes. Lava flow research has taken many forms; first and foremost it has been a...
Authors
Katherine V. Cashman, Margaret T. Mangan
Mammoth Mountain and its mafic periphery—A late Quaternary volcanic field in eastern California Mammoth Mountain and its mafic periphery—A late Quaternary volcanic field in eastern California
The trachydacite complex of Mammoth Mountain and an array of contemporaneous mafic volcanoes in its periphery together form a discrete late Pleistocene magmatic system that is thermally and compositionally independent of the adjacent subalkaline Long Valley system (California, USA). The Mammoth system first erupted ca. 230 ka, last erupted ca. 8 ka, and remains restless and potentially...
Authors
Wes Hildreth, Judith Fierstein, Duane E. Champion, Andrew T. Calvert
Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States
Active-source Love waves, recorded by the multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASLW) technique, were recently analyzed in two site characterization projects. Between 2010 and 2012, the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funded GEOVision to conduct geophysical investigations at 191 seismographic stations in California and the Central Eastern U.S. (CEUS). The original...
Authors
Antony Martin, Alan K. Yong, Larry A. Salomone
Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings
According to the regulatory building codes in the United States (e.g., 2010 California Building Code), at least two horizontal ground motion components are required for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 km of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs...
Authors
Erol Kalkan, Neal S. Kwong
Rocking behavior of an instrumented unique building on the MIT campus identified from ambient shaking data Rocking behavior of an instrumented unique building on the MIT campus identified from ambient shaking data
A state-of-the-art seismic monitoring system comprising 36 accelerometers and a data-logger with real-time capability was recently installed at Building 54 on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Cambridge, MA, campus. The system is designed to record translational, torsional, and rocking motions, and to facilitate the computation of drift between select pairs of floors. The...
Authors
Mehmet Çelebi, Nafi Toksoz, Oral Buyukozturk