Publications
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Fighting misinformation in seismology: Expert opinion on earthquake facts vs fiction Fighting misinformation in seismology: Expert opinion on earthquake facts vs fiction
Misinformation carries the potential for immense damage to public understanding of science and for evidence-based decision making at an individual and policy level. Our research explores the following questions within seismology: which claims can be considered misinformation, which are supported by a consensus, and which are still under scientific debate? Consensus and debate are...
Authors
Sarah Dryhurst, Femke Mulder, Irina Dallo, John Kerr, Sara K. McBride, Laure Fallou, Julia S. Becker
A large new crater exposes the limits of water ice on Mars A large new crater exposes the limits of water ice on Mars
Water ice in the Martian mid-latitudes has advanced and retreated in response to variations in the planet's orbit, obliquity, and climate. A 150 m-diameter new impact crater near 35°N provides the lowest-latitude impact exposure of subsurface ice on Mars. This is the largest known ice-exposing crater and provides key constraints on Martian climate history. This crater indicates a...
Authors
Colin M. Dundas, Michael T. Mellon, Liliya V Posiolova, Katarina Miljkovic, Gareth S Collins, Livio L. Tornabene, Vidhya Ganesh Rangarajan, Matthew P. Golombek, Nicholas H. Warner, Ingrid J. Daubar, Shane Byrne, Alfred S. McEwen, Kimberly D. Seelos, Donna Viola, Ali M Bramson, Gunnar Speth
Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area
Ground‐motion studies are a key component of seismic hazard analyses and often rely on information of the source, path, and site. Extensive research has been done on each of these parameters; however, site‐specific studies are of particular interest to seismic hazard studies, especially in the field of earthquake engineering, as near‐site conditions can have a significant impact on the...
Authors
Tara Nye, Valerie J. Sahakian, Elias King, Annemarie S. Baltay Sundstrom, Alexis Klimasewski
Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga
Records of pressure variations on seismographs were historically considered unwanted noise; however, increased deployments of collocated seismic and acoustic instrumentation have driven recent efforts to use this effect induced by both wind and anthropogenic explosions to invert for near‐surface Earth structure. These studies have been limited to shallow structure because the pressure...
Authors
Robert E. Anthony, Adam T. Ringler, Toshiro Tanimoto, Robin Matoza, Silvio De Angelis, David C. Wilson
Defining the Hoek-Brown constant mi for volcanic lithologies Defining the Hoek-Brown constant mi for volcanic lithologies
The empirical Hoek-Brown failure criterion is a well-known and commonly used failure criterion for both intact rocks and rock masses, especially in geological engineering. The intact criterion is calculated using experimental triaxial compression test results on intact samples while the rock mass criterion modifies the intact strength using quantified measures of the rock mass quality...
Authors
Marlène C. Villeneuve, Michael J. Heap, Lauren N. Schaefer
Giant planet observations in NASA's Planetary Data System Giant planet observations in NASA's Planetary Data System
While there have been far fewer missions to the outer Solar System than to the inner Solar System, spacecraft destined for the giant planets have conducted a wide range of fundamental investigations, returning data that continues to reshape our understanding of these complex systems, sometimes decades after the data were acquired. These data are preserved and accessible from national and
Authors
Nancy J. Chanover, James M. Bauer, John Joe Jeremiah Blalock, Mitchell K. Gordon, Lyle F. Huber, Mia J. T. Mace, Lynn D. V. Neakrase, Matthew S. Tiscareno, Raymond J. Walker
COSMOS Ground-Motion Simulation Working Group workshops #1 and #2 COSMOS Ground-Motion Simulation Working Group workshops #1 and #2
These 2 workshops were held in response to interest generated from sessions on the use of simulated earthquake ground motions at the 2020 and 2021 Consortium of Organizations for Strong Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS) Technical Sessions. The discussions at the Technical Sessions highlighted desires to promote the use of simulated earthquake ground motions for engineering applications...
Authors
Brad T. Aagaard, Aysegul Askan, Sanaz Rezaeian, Sean Kamran Ahdi, Alan Yong
Using a grid-search approach to validate the Graves-Pitarka broadband simulation method Using a grid-search approach to validate the Graves-Pitarka broadband simulation method
This work assesses the ability of the Graves–Pitarka simulation approach to reproduce observed ground motions for 12 California and Baja California earthquakes. A total of 240 realizations are computed for each earthquake and compared with recorded strong motions from near-fault sites. In addition to spatial variability in slip, each realization samples from discrete combinations of...
Authors
Robert Graves
The cycles driving Io’s tectonics The cycles driving Io’s tectonics
Io is famous for its active volcanoes, but its vigorous tectonics, which are unlike Earth’s plate tectonics, are no less remarkable. The nature of Io’s thick, cold, brittle lithosphere has been revealed through decades of investigations. The dynamics of this system is most easily explained by considering three cycles: magmatic, tectonic, and sulfurous. The magmatic cycle transports heat...
Authors
Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Windy L Jaeger, Jani Radebaugh
OpenET: Filling a critical data gap in water management for the western United States OpenET: Filling a critical data gap in water management for the western United States
The lack of consistent, accurate information on evapotranspiration (ET) and consumptive use of water by irrigated agriculture is one of the most important data gaps for water managers in the western United States (U.S.) and other arid agricultural regions globally. The ability to easily access information on ET is central to improving water budgets across the West, advancing the use of...
Authors
Forrest Melton, Justin Huntington, Robyn Grimm, Jamie Herring, Maurice Hall, Dana Rollison, Tyler Erickson, Richard Allen, Martha Anderson, Joshua Fisher, Ayse Kilic, Gabriel Senay, J. M. Volk, Christopher Hain, Lee Johnson, Anderson Ruhoff, Philip Blankenau, Matthew Bromley, Will Carrara, Britta Daudert, Conor Doherty, Christian Dunkerly, MacKenzie Friedrichs, Alberto Guzman, Gregory Halverson, Jody Hansen, Jordan Harding, Yanghui Kang, David C. Ketchum, Blake Minor, Charles Morton, Samuel Ortega-Salazar, Thomas Ott, Mutlu Ozdogan, Peter Revelle, Mitch Schull, Carlos Wang, Yun Yang, Ray G. Anderson
Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation validation of small magnitude active shallow crustal earthquakes in New Zealand Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation validation of small magnitude active shallow crustal earthquakes in New Zealand
This article presents a comprehensive validation of the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation approach (via the commonly used Graves and Pitarka method) in a New Zealand context with small magnitude point source ruptures using an extensive set of 5218 ground motions recorded at 212 sites from 479 active shallow crustal earthquakes across the country. Modifications to the simulation...
Authors
Robin L. Lee, Brendon A. Bradley, Peter J. Stafford, Robert Graves, Adrian Rodriguez-Marek
Porosity, strength, and alteration – Towards a new volcano stability assessment tool using VNIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy Porosity, strength, and alteration – Towards a new volcano stability assessment tool using VNIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy
Volcano slope stability analysis is a critical component of volcanic hazard assessments and monitoring. However, traditional methods for assessing rock strength require physical samples of rock which may be difficult to obtain or characterize in bulk. Here, visible to shortwave infrared (350–2500 nm; VNIR–SWIR) reflected light spectroscopy on laboratory-tested rock samples from Ruapehu...
Authors
Gabor Kereszturi, Michael J. Heap, Lauren N. Schaefer, Herlan Darmawan, Frances M. Deegan, Ben M. Kennedy, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Stuart Mead, Marina Rosas-Carbajal, Amy Ryan, Valentin R. Troll, Marlene C. Villeneuve, Thomas R. Walter