Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
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By Cooperative Research Units
February 19, 2026
The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (est. 1936) is a partnership among the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
Media
Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. View Media Details
The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit conducts applied research to support conservation and management of fish and wildlife across Oregon. Its work spans aquatic ecology, population dynamics, habitat–species relationships, and ecosystem restoration. Researchers study how physical and biological factors shape stream fish communities, assess wildlife responses to environmental change, and provide science that guides state and federal agencies.
Macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data for watercourses in the Goose Lake Basin, Oregon, U.S.A., 2024 Macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data for watercourses in the Goose Lake Basin, Oregon, U.S.A., 2024
We collected aquatic macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data in the Oregon portion of the Goose Lake Basin. Data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Oregon State University (OSU) to monitor prey communities in the Basin, and to relate observed prey abundances to specific habitat features. Sampling was conducted based on previous...
Water Level, Water Temperature, and Vegetation Biomass at the Nisqually River Delta, WA Water Level, Water Temperature, and Vegetation Biomass at the Nisqually River Delta, WA
This dataset contains water level, water temperature, and vegetation data from 12 locations within the Nisqually River Delta, Washington from 2010 to 2015. This dataset was part of a larger monitoring effort to document hydrological and vegetation changes throughout the Nisqually River Delta following large scale estuarine restoration (dike removal) in 2009.
Greater Sage Grouse Encounter Histories in Modoc County, California 2019 - 2021 Greater Sage Grouse Encounter Histories in Modoc County, California 2019 - 2021
The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus: hereafter; sage-grouse) population in Modoc County California is geographically isolated and has been subsidized by translocation to prevent inbreeding depression since 2005. Despite significant efforts to increase the population through translocations and habitat improvement by cutting encroaching western juniper (Juniperus...
Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data for metademographic analysis 2010-2018, Oregon Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data for metademographic analysis 2010-2018, Oregon
This dataset contains information from surveys conducted 2010-2018 by USGS as part of a long-term Oregon spotted frog monitoring effort in the central Oregon range. Data consist of site, survey, habitat, and species detection covariates, as well as inter-site distance measurements.
Filter Total Items: 17
Fostering landscape resilience and species conservation in frequent fire landscapes Fostering landscape resilience and species conservation in frequent fire landscapes
Restoration of dry forest landscapes of the Pacific Northwest often involves the removal of some closed-canopy forest that has expanded due to fire exclusion, but this can conflict with species conservation when species require closed-canopy forest as part of their habitat. Fire refugia—areas within fire perimeters that burn less severely or frequently—might provide a solution to this...
Authors
Jeremy T. Rockweit, Meg A. Krawchuk, David M. Bell, Katie M. Dugger, Damon B. Lesmeister
Listening for extinction: Range-wide occupancy highlights critical risks and priorities for northern spotted owls Listening for extinction: Range-wide occupancy highlights critical risks and priorities for northern spotted owls
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) continues to decline across its range, threatened by habitat disturbances and invasive barred owls (Strix varia). We conducted a range-wide spotted owl occupancy assessment using 2.1 million h of passive acoustic recordings from 4081 survey stations within 1027 randomly selected 5-km2 hexagons across six physiographic regions...
Authors
Damon B. Lesmeister, Julianna M.A. Jenkins, Raymond J. Davis, Natalie M. Rugg, Cara L. Appel, Larissa L. Bailey, Erin Bayne, Chestnut Tara, Leila S. Duchac, Katie M. Dugger, Taylor D. Ellis, Alan B. Franklin, Scott A. Gremel, Aaron Henderson, Edward Henson, J. Mark Higley, James E. Hines, Bruce A. Hollen, William L. Kendall, Taal Levi, Darryl I. MacKenzie, Christopher E. McCafferty, Thomas Munger, David Press, Caroline Provost, Suzanne Reffler, Zachary J. Ruff, James K. Swingle, Erica Tevini, Alaina D. Thomas, Matthew J. Weldy, Kirsten Wert, Angela White, Charles B. Yackulic
Effects of a low-lipid diet on the gut microbiome and head kidney transcriptome of juvenile Chinook Salmon Effects of a low-lipid diet on the gut microbiome and head kidney transcriptome of juvenile Chinook Salmon
Objective Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. reared in production hatcheries are typically fed high-lipid, energy-dense diets to achieve large size and high body condition prior to release. In contrast, juveniles in natural environments tend to consume low-lipid, high-protein diets, and fish reared for research or conservation purposes are sometimes fed diets that are formulated to mimic...
Authors
Claire E. Couch, Konstantin Divilov, Crystal L. Herron, Bing Wang, Olivia M. Hakanson, Michelle M. Scanlan, Luke D. Whitman, Melanie J. Davis, Carl B. Schreck, James T. Peterson
Avoiding common pitfalls in the implementation of adaptive forest wildlife management Avoiding common pitfalls in the implementation of adaptive forest wildlife management
Forest management planning requires the evaluation of tradeoffs in proposed management actions to meet multiple objectives, including providing the habitat required to sustain wildlife populations. However, various species-specific life history strategies and ecological uncertainties complicate our understanding of the responses of wildlife to disturbances, such as wildfires and forest...
Authors
Adam Duarte, James T. Peterson
Novel avian papillomaviruses identified in a south polar skua sampled on Ross Island, Antarctica Novel avian papillomaviruses identified in a south polar skua sampled on Ross Island, Antarctica
Papillomaviruses are small circular DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells of their hosts. Avian papillomaviruses are poorly sampled/documented compared to those infecting humans. We used a viral metagenomic approach to identify viruses from the oral swab taken from a deceased south polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) found at Cape Royds, Ross Island, Antarctica in late 2024. We...
Authors
Riley Biter, Melanie Regney, Annie E. Schmidt, Nadia Swanson, Megan Elrod, Amélie Lescroël, Christina Burnham, Dennis Jongsomjit, Suzanne Winquist, Jean Pennycook, David G. Ainley, Katie M. Dugger, Grant Ballard, Simona Kraberger, Arvind Varsani
Debunking the myth of the quintessential resource manager: Precision in actionable science Debunking the myth of the quintessential resource manager: Precision in actionable science
“Actionable science” is a widely held standard for identifying the merits of natural resources research. Yet, science is often framed as actionable to a vaguely identified quintessential “manager” without defining either the intended manager or use. Generic descriptions lack precision for identifying end users or their needs, limiting methodological rigor in research design and leading...
Authors
Amanda E. Cravens, Nicole M. Herman-Mercer, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson, Megan A. Moore, Richard Eugene Waggaman Berl, Nicholas W. Cole, Oronde Oliver Drakes, Diamond Victoria Ebanks, David C. Fulton, Megan Siobhan Jones, Dawn Marie Kotowicz, Michael C Mcinturff, James R. Meldrum, Kathryn Powlen, Aaron Daniel Russell, Stefan Gabriel Tangen, Emily J. Wilkins
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Climate Adaptation Science Centers, Cooperative Research Units, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Fort Collins Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Office of Science Quality and Integrity
Beyond pro-vs-anti hatchery: A typology of fishing community perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon Beyond pro-vs-anti hatchery: A typology of fishing community perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon
Objectives: Pacific salmon and steelhead hatcheries are central to fisheries management along the West Coast of North America, yet they remain a source of persistent controversy. While often framed in binary terms of pro- or anti-hatchery, public perspectives are more nuanced. Methods: We conducted 18 in-depth interviews with members of Oregon’s non-tribal fishing communities, including
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones, Kelly Biedenweg
Ungulate migrations of the Western United States, volume 6 Ungulate migrations of the Western United States, volume 6
This report, volume 6 in the “Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States” report series, showcases the migrations of 23 ungulate herds in the Western United States. The report series is produced by the Corridor Mapping Team (CMT). Led by the U.S. Geological Survey, the CMT is a collaboration among 11 State agencies, as well as regional and Federal partners, and an expanding number...
Authors
Matthew J. Kauffman, Blake Lowrey, Jennifer L. McKee, Chloe J. Beaupre, Jeffrey Beck, Jon P. Beckmann, Scott Bergen, Joel Berger, Regan Berkley, Nathan Borg, Peyton Carl, Michelle Cowardin, Sarah Dewey, Katie M. Dugger, Amy Ehrhart, Jessica Fort, Eric Freeman, Ian Freeman, Emily R. Gelzer, David German, Jacob Gray, Evan Greenspan, Zach Gregory, Emily Hagler, Makeda Hanson, Valerie D. Hinojoza-Rood, Pat Hnilicka, Nick Jaffe, Andrew F. Jakes, Aran Johnson, Jaron T. Kolek, Art Lawson, Zach Lockyer, Daryl Lutz, Cody McKee, Jane McKeever, Jerod A. Merkle, Matthew A. Mumma, Dennis Newman, Erika Peckham, Jill E. Randall, Tempe Regan, Adele K. Reinking, Robert Ritson, William J. Rudd, Brianna M. Russo, Hall Sawyer, Cody Schroeder, Brandon Scurlock, Jeff Short, Bret Stansberry, Erik Steiner, Alethea Steingisser, Tom Stephenson, Eric VanNatta, Cody F. Wallace, Brad Weinmeister, Don Whittaker, Tatjana Woody, Sean Yancey
A tool for prioritizing gravel augmentation reaches for sediment starved rivers A tool for prioritizing gravel augmentation reaches for sediment starved rivers
Gravel augmentation is a widely used restoration technique used to improve habitat below dams, including salmonids spawning habitat. However, gravel augmentation can be cost-prohibitive, and it is often unclear which stream segments have the highest potential to benefit spawning salmonids. A tool to help prioritize reaches for gravel restoration could aid managers in making good...
Authors
Patricia J. Wohner, Peter A. Samarin, James T. Peterson
Trust-building as a keystone activity in beaver-related restoration practice Trust-building as a keystone activity in beaver-related restoration practice
North American beavers (Castor canadensis) are increasingly being used to achieve restoration goals, prompting practitioners to engage with private landowners in efforts to promote beaver coexistence. Through 23 semi-structured interviews with restoration practitioners in Oregon, USA, we explored how practitioners from government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), service
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones
Synthesizing beaver coexistence messaging with the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior model Synthesizing beaver coexistence messaging with the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior model
In the western United States, conservation practitioners are increasingly working with private landowners to restore habitat for North American beavers (Castor canadensis) and to use nonlethal mitigation techniques when beavers damage crops and infrastructure. Effective communication is critical for promoting coexistence, yet on-the-ground conservation messaging seldom links to behavior...
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones
Timing the tuxedo transformation: Moult phenology reflects breeding investment and intrinsic constraints in Adélie penguins Timing the tuxedo transformation: Moult phenology reflects breeding investment and intrinsic constraints in Adélie penguins
Vertebrate life histories are often divided into distinct periods, with the breeding season typically receiving the most research attention. For polar seabirds, non-breeding phases like moult remain understudied, despite their importance for survival and overall fitness. Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) replace their highly specialized feathers during an approximately 19-day annual...
Authors
Annie E. Schmidt, Amélie Lescroël, Simeon Lisovski, Megan Elrod, Katie M. Dugger, Jean Pennycook, David G. Ainley, Grant Ballard
The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (est. 1936) is a partnership among the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
Media
Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. View Media Details
The Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit conducts applied research to support conservation and management of fish and wildlife across Oregon. Its work spans aquatic ecology, population dynamics, habitat–species relationships, and ecosystem restoration. Researchers study how physical and biological factors shape stream fish communities, assess wildlife responses to environmental change, and provide science that guides state and federal agencies.
Macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data for watercourses in the Goose Lake Basin, Oregon, U.S.A., 2024 Macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data for watercourses in the Goose Lake Basin, Oregon, U.S.A., 2024
We collected aquatic macroinvertebrate and redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) diet data in the Oregon portion of the Goose Lake Basin. Data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Oregon State University (OSU) to monitor prey communities in the Basin, and to relate observed prey abundances to specific habitat features. Sampling was conducted based on previous...
Water Level, Water Temperature, and Vegetation Biomass at the Nisqually River Delta, WA Water Level, Water Temperature, and Vegetation Biomass at the Nisqually River Delta, WA
This dataset contains water level, water temperature, and vegetation data from 12 locations within the Nisqually River Delta, Washington from 2010 to 2015. This dataset was part of a larger monitoring effort to document hydrological and vegetation changes throughout the Nisqually River Delta following large scale estuarine restoration (dike removal) in 2009.
Greater Sage Grouse Encounter Histories in Modoc County, California 2019 - 2021 Greater Sage Grouse Encounter Histories in Modoc County, California 2019 - 2021
The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus: hereafter; sage-grouse) population in Modoc County California is geographically isolated and has been subsidized by translocation to prevent inbreeding depression since 2005. Despite significant efforts to increase the population through translocations and habitat improvement by cutting encroaching western juniper (Juniperus...
Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data for metademographic analysis 2010-2018, Oregon Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data for metademographic analysis 2010-2018, Oregon
This dataset contains information from surveys conducted 2010-2018 by USGS as part of a long-term Oregon spotted frog monitoring effort in the central Oregon range. Data consist of site, survey, habitat, and species detection covariates, as well as inter-site distance measurements.
Filter Total Items: 17
Fostering landscape resilience and species conservation in frequent fire landscapes Fostering landscape resilience and species conservation in frequent fire landscapes
Restoration of dry forest landscapes of the Pacific Northwest often involves the removal of some closed-canopy forest that has expanded due to fire exclusion, but this can conflict with species conservation when species require closed-canopy forest as part of their habitat. Fire refugia—areas within fire perimeters that burn less severely or frequently—might provide a solution to this...
Authors
Jeremy T. Rockweit, Meg A. Krawchuk, David M. Bell, Katie M. Dugger, Damon B. Lesmeister
Listening for extinction: Range-wide occupancy highlights critical risks and priorities for northern spotted owls Listening for extinction: Range-wide occupancy highlights critical risks and priorities for northern spotted owls
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) continues to decline across its range, threatened by habitat disturbances and invasive barred owls (Strix varia). We conducted a range-wide spotted owl occupancy assessment using 2.1 million h of passive acoustic recordings from 4081 survey stations within 1027 randomly selected 5-km2 hexagons across six physiographic regions...
Authors
Damon B. Lesmeister, Julianna M.A. Jenkins, Raymond J. Davis, Natalie M. Rugg, Cara L. Appel, Larissa L. Bailey, Erin Bayne, Chestnut Tara, Leila S. Duchac, Katie M. Dugger, Taylor D. Ellis, Alan B. Franklin, Scott A. Gremel, Aaron Henderson, Edward Henson, J. Mark Higley, James E. Hines, Bruce A. Hollen, William L. Kendall, Taal Levi, Darryl I. MacKenzie, Christopher E. McCafferty, Thomas Munger, David Press, Caroline Provost, Suzanne Reffler, Zachary J. Ruff, James K. Swingle, Erica Tevini, Alaina D. Thomas, Matthew J. Weldy, Kirsten Wert, Angela White, Charles B. Yackulic
Effects of a low-lipid diet on the gut microbiome and head kidney transcriptome of juvenile Chinook Salmon Effects of a low-lipid diet on the gut microbiome and head kidney transcriptome of juvenile Chinook Salmon
Objective Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. reared in production hatcheries are typically fed high-lipid, energy-dense diets to achieve large size and high body condition prior to release. In contrast, juveniles in natural environments tend to consume low-lipid, high-protein diets, and fish reared for research or conservation purposes are sometimes fed diets that are formulated to mimic...
Authors
Claire E. Couch, Konstantin Divilov, Crystal L. Herron, Bing Wang, Olivia M. Hakanson, Michelle M. Scanlan, Luke D. Whitman, Melanie J. Davis, Carl B. Schreck, James T. Peterson
Avoiding common pitfalls in the implementation of adaptive forest wildlife management Avoiding common pitfalls in the implementation of adaptive forest wildlife management
Forest management planning requires the evaluation of tradeoffs in proposed management actions to meet multiple objectives, including providing the habitat required to sustain wildlife populations. However, various species-specific life history strategies and ecological uncertainties complicate our understanding of the responses of wildlife to disturbances, such as wildfires and forest...
Authors
Adam Duarte, James T. Peterson
Novel avian papillomaviruses identified in a south polar skua sampled on Ross Island, Antarctica Novel avian papillomaviruses identified in a south polar skua sampled on Ross Island, Antarctica
Papillomaviruses are small circular DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells of their hosts. Avian papillomaviruses are poorly sampled/documented compared to those infecting humans. We used a viral metagenomic approach to identify viruses from the oral swab taken from a deceased south polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) found at Cape Royds, Ross Island, Antarctica in late 2024. We...
Authors
Riley Biter, Melanie Regney, Annie E. Schmidt, Nadia Swanson, Megan Elrod, Amélie Lescroël, Christina Burnham, Dennis Jongsomjit, Suzanne Winquist, Jean Pennycook, David G. Ainley, Katie M. Dugger, Grant Ballard, Simona Kraberger, Arvind Varsani
Debunking the myth of the quintessential resource manager: Precision in actionable science Debunking the myth of the quintessential resource manager: Precision in actionable science
“Actionable science” is a widely held standard for identifying the merits of natural resources research. Yet, science is often framed as actionable to a vaguely identified quintessential “manager” without defining either the intended manager or use. Generic descriptions lack precision for identifying end users or their needs, limiting methodological rigor in research design and leading...
Authors
Amanda E. Cravens, Nicole M. Herman-Mercer, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson, Megan A. Moore, Richard Eugene Waggaman Berl, Nicholas W. Cole, Oronde Oliver Drakes, Diamond Victoria Ebanks, David C. Fulton, Megan Siobhan Jones, Dawn Marie Kotowicz, Michael C Mcinturff, James R. Meldrum, Kathryn Powlen, Aaron Daniel Russell, Stefan Gabriel Tangen, Emily J. Wilkins
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Climate Adaptation Science Centers, Cooperative Research Units, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Fort Collins Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Office of Science Quality and Integrity
Beyond pro-vs-anti hatchery: A typology of fishing community perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon Beyond pro-vs-anti hatchery: A typology of fishing community perceptions of salmonid hatcheries in Oregon
Objectives: Pacific salmon and steelhead hatcheries are central to fisheries management along the West Coast of North America, yet they remain a source of persistent controversy. While often framed in binary terms of pro- or anti-hatchery, public perspectives are more nuanced. Methods: We conducted 18 in-depth interviews with members of Oregon’s non-tribal fishing communities, including
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones, Kelly Biedenweg
Ungulate migrations of the Western United States, volume 6 Ungulate migrations of the Western United States, volume 6
This report, volume 6 in the “Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States” report series, showcases the migrations of 23 ungulate herds in the Western United States. The report series is produced by the Corridor Mapping Team (CMT). Led by the U.S. Geological Survey, the CMT is a collaboration among 11 State agencies, as well as regional and Federal partners, and an expanding number...
Authors
Matthew J. Kauffman, Blake Lowrey, Jennifer L. McKee, Chloe J. Beaupre, Jeffrey Beck, Jon P. Beckmann, Scott Bergen, Joel Berger, Regan Berkley, Nathan Borg, Peyton Carl, Michelle Cowardin, Sarah Dewey, Katie M. Dugger, Amy Ehrhart, Jessica Fort, Eric Freeman, Ian Freeman, Emily R. Gelzer, David German, Jacob Gray, Evan Greenspan, Zach Gregory, Emily Hagler, Makeda Hanson, Valerie D. Hinojoza-Rood, Pat Hnilicka, Nick Jaffe, Andrew F. Jakes, Aran Johnson, Jaron T. Kolek, Art Lawson, Zach Lockyer, Daryl Lutz, Cody McKee, Jane McKeever, Jerod A. Merkle, Matthew A. Mumma, Dennis Newman, Erika Peckham, Jill E. Randall, Tempe Regan, Adele K. Reinking, Robert Ritson, William J. Rudd, Brianna M. Russo, Hall Sawyer, Cody Schroeder, Brandon Scurlock, Jeff Short, Bret Stansberry, Erik Steiner, Alethea Steingisser, Tom Stephenson, Eric VanNatta, Cody F. Wallace, Brad Weinmeister, Don Whittaker, Tatjana Woody, Sean Yancey
A tool for prioritizing gravel augmentation reaches for sediment starved rivers A tool for prioritizing gravel augmentation reaches for sediment starved rivers
Gravel augmentation is a widely used restoration technique used to improve habitat below dams, including salmonids spawning habitat. However, gravel augmentation can be cost-prohibitive, and it is often unclear which stream segments have the highest potential to benefit spawning salmonids. A tool to help prioritize reaches for gravel restoration could aid managers in making good...
Authors
Patricia J. Wohner, Peter A. Samarin, James T. Peterson
Trust-building as a keystone activity in beaver-related restoration practice Trust-building as a keystone activity in beaver-related restoration practice
North American beavers (Castor canadensis) are increasingly being used to achieve restoration goals, prompting practitioners to engage with private landowners in efforts to promote beaver coexistence. Through 23 semi-structured interviews with restoration practitioners in Oregon, USA, we explored how practitioners from government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), service
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones
Synthesizing beaver coexistence messaging with the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior model Synthesizing beaver coexistence messaging with the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior model
In the western United States, conservation practitioners are increasingly working with private landowners to restore habitat for North American beavers (Castor canadensis) and to use nonlethal mitigation techniques when beavers damage crops and infrastructure. Effective communication is critical for promoting coexistence, yet on-the-ground conservation messaging seldom links to behavior...
Authors
Brian D. Erickson, Megan Siobhan Jones
Timing the tuxedo transformation: Moult phenology reflects breeding investment and intrinsic constraints in Adélie penguins Timing the tuxedo transformation: Moult phenology reflects breeding investment and intrinsic constraints in Adélie penguins
Vertebrate life histories are often divided into distinct periods, with the breeding season typically receiving the most research attention. For polar seabirds, non-breeding phases like moult remain understudied, despite their importance for survival and overall fitness. Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) replace their highly specialized feathers during an approximately 19-day annual...
Authors
Annie E. Schmidt, Amélie Lescroël, Simeon Lisovski, Megan Elrod, Katie M. Dugger, Jean Pennycook, David G. Ainley, Grant Ballard