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Andrea Woodward

I am an emerita Biologist at the U.S. Geological Survey. During my career I studied the interaction between large herbivores (elk and mountain goats) and vegetation, and the effects of climate change on subalpine vegetation. I also worked on designing ecological monitoring programs and protocols; and incorporating climate change into natural resource management plans.

As an emerita scientist, I have been finishing up a few projects that were not completed before I retired. These included two papers with co-authors describing long-term data sets: 36 years of research on old-growth forest structure based on data from elk exclosures and 28 years of data on subalpine fir seedling survival, both in Olympic National Park. I also completed with co-authors an implementation guide for decision tools meant to incorporate climate change into management decisions made by the USDA Forest Service. I am currently working on updating a field guide to mosses, lichens, and liverworts of the Pacific Northwest. I remain very interested in the curious distribution of cottonwoods in Olympic National Park and may pursue that a bit more before calling it a career.

Professional Experience

  • Ecologist, National Park Service Cooperative Parks Study Unit, Seattle, WA

  • Ecologist, National Park Service, Olympic National Park, WA (1990)

Education and Certifications

  • Ph.D., Cornell University (1988)

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Northwest Scientific Association

Science and Products

If you are unable to access or download a product, email fresc_outreach@usgs.gov a request, including the full citation, or call (541) 750-1030.

Filter Total Items: 39

Plant community succession following ungulate exclusion in a temperate rainforest

Ecosystem structure and processes of coastal temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are thought to be strongly influenced by herbivory primarily of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and secondarily of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Two large (0.5-ha) exclosures were built in old-growth coniferous rainforest communities in Olympic National Park, Washi
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Establishment and survival of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in meadows of Olympic National Park, Washington

Establishment of trees in subalpine meadows is a potential indicator of ecological effects of climate change. Tree establishment is a multi-year process including cone and seed production, germination, establishment, and growth, with each demographic step possibly sensitive to different climate limitations. While most studies have focused on one or a few steps, this study follows a cohort of indiv
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare) monitoring assessment, southern Appalachian Mountains, 1983–2008

Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare [Evans] Yoshimura and Sharp) was listed as a federally endangered species in 1995. It is endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains, with most known populations occurring in North Carolina, where it grows on vertical rock faces in the fog zone above an elevation of 1,525 meters or in humid, deep river gorges. Threats to the species include recreational use
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Integrating climate change considerations into natural resource planning—An implementation guide

Executive SummaryClimate change vulnerability assessments and associated adaptation strategies and actions connect existing climate science with possible effects on natural resources and highlight potential responses. However, these assessments, which are commonly generated for large regional areas, suggest management options in general terms without guidance for choosing among strategies and acti
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Western Geographic Science Center

Life-history model for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Lake Ozette, northwestern Washington—Users' guide

Salmon populations spawning in the Lake Ozette watershed of northwestern Washington were once sufficiently abundant to support traditional Tribal fisheries, and were later harvested by settlers. However, in 1974 and 1975, the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) harvest decreased to 0 from a high of more than 17,500 in 1949, thus stimulating research into the causes of decrease, which resulted in e
By
Ecosystems, Species Management Research Program, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Skagit River coho salmon life history model—Users’ guide

Natural resource management is conducted in the context of multiple anthropogenic stressors and is further challenged owing to changing climate. Experiments to determine the effects of climate change on complex ecological systems are nearly impossible. However, using a simulation model to synthesize current understanding of key ecological processes through the life cycle of a fish population can p
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Moving from awareness to action: Advancing climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning for Idaho and Montana National Forests

The rugged landscapes of northern Idaho and western Montana support biodiverse ecosystems, and provide a variety of natural resources and services for human communities. However, the benefits provided by these ecosystems may be at risk as changing climate magnifies existing stressors and allows new stressors to emerge. Preparation for and response to these potential changes can be most effectively
By
Ecosystems, Climate Adaptation Science Centers, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas

A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Moving from awareness to action: Advancing climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning for Idaho and Montana National Forests

No abstract available.
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

North Cascades National Park Service Complex

Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions for a subset of natural resources and resource indicators in national parks. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition (when possible), identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given project depend on the park’s resou
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Ground level environmental protein concentrations in various ecuadorian environments: potential uses of aerosolized protein for ecological research

Large quantities of free protein in the environment and other bioaerosols are ubiquitous throughout terrestrial ground level environments and may be integrative indicators of ecosystem status. Samples of ground level bioaerosols were collected from various ecosystems throughout Ecuador, including pristine humid tropical forest (pristine), highly altered secondary humid tropical forest (highly alte
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Resource manager information needs regarding hydrologic regime shifts for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation

Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) are a network of 22 public-private partnerships, defined by ecoregion, that share and provide science to ensure the sustainability of land, water, wildlife, and cultural resources in North America. LCCs were established by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) in recognition of the fact that response to climate change must be coordinated on a landscap
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., Silsbee, D.G., 1995, Climate, geography, and tree establishment in subalpine meadows of the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 217-225.
Woodward, A., Reed, J.D., 1995, Intake and digestibility for sheep and goats consuming supplementary Acacia brevispicaandSesbania sesban: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 207-216.
Woodward, A., Coppock, D.L., 1995, Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia: Agroforestry Systems, v. 32, p. 147-161.
Woodward, A., 1994, Cooperative research on glacier-climate relationships begins in the Pacific Northwest: Park Science, v. 14, no. 4, p. 9.
Woodward, A., Silsbee, D.G., Schreiner, E.G., Means, J.E., 1994, Influence of climate on radial growth and cone production in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana): Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 24, p. 1133-1143.
Schreiner, E.G., Gracz, M.B., Kaye, T.N., Woodward, A., Buckingham, N.M., 1994, Rare plants In: Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., eds., Mountain Goats in Olympic National Park: Biology and Management of an Introduced Species: Scientific Monograph NPS/NROLYM/NRSM-94/25, Denver, CO, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office, p. 173-185.
Schreiner, E.G., Woodward, A., 1994, Responses of vegetation to reductions in goat density In: Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., eds., Mountain Goats in Olympic National Park: Biology and Management of an Introduced Species: Scientific Monograph NPS/NROLYM/NRSM-94/25, Denver, CO, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office, p. 129-138.
Schreiner, E.G., Woodward, A., 1994, Study documents mountain goat impacts at Olympic National Park: Park Science, v. 14, no. 2, p. 23-25.
Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., 1994, Ungulate-forest relationships in Olympic National Park- Retrospective exclosure studies: Northwest Science, v. 68, no. 2, p. 97-110.
Woodward, A., Gracz, M.B., Schreiner, E.G., 1991, Climatic effects on establishment of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in meadows of the Olympic Mountains: Northwest Environmental Journal, v. 7, no. 2, p. 353-354.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

link
USGS science for a changing world

Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics

Plant communities are the foundation for terrestrial trophic webs and animal habitat, and their structure and species composition are a result of biological and physical drivers. Additionally, they have a major role in geologic, geomorphic and soil development processes. Several global and regional stressors (for example, climate change, atmospheric and precipitation chemistry, introduced pests...
By
Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
link

Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics

Plant communities are the foundation for terrestrial trophic webs and animal habitat, and their structure and species composition are a result of biological and physical drivers. Additionally, they have a major role in geologic, geomorphic and soil development processes. Several global and regional stressors (for example, climate change, atmospheric and precipitation chemistry, introduced pests...
Learn More
link
USGS science for a changing world

Tools and Techniques for Synthesizing Monitoring and Other Data

Determining the best strategy for managing natural resources often requires a synthetic analysis describing the interactions among a multiplicity of ecosystem components and driving factors. However, comprehensive data sets are rarely collected to include all factors relevant to a given management decision. When data are obtained from multiple sources, they are often difficult to synthesize...
By
Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
link

Tools and Techniques for Synthesizing Monitoring and Other Data

Determining the best strategy for managing natural resources often requires a synthetic analysis describing the interactions among a multiplicity of ecosystem components and driving factors. However, comprehensive data sets are rarely collected to include all factors relevant to a given management decision. When data are obtained from multiple sources, they are often difficult to synthesize...
Learn More
link
USGS science for a changing world

Frameworks, Strategies, and Protocols for Monitoring and Interdisciplinary Research

Natural resource managers are faced with the prospect of dramatic climate change, the commencement of ecosystem- and landscape-scale restoration and management initiatives, as well as an interest in learning from and being accountable for restoration projects. The consequent needs for information have motivated many agencies to institute ecological monitoring programs and interdisciplinary...
By
Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
link

Frameworks, Strategies, and Protocols for Monitoring and Interdisciplinary Research

Natural resource managers are faced with the prospect of dramatic climate change, the commencement of ecosystem- and landscape-scale restoration and management initiatives, as well as an interest in learning from and being accountable for restoration projects. The consequent needs for information have motivated many agencies to institute ecological monitoring programs and interdisciplinary...
Learn More
link
USGS science for a changing world

Developing Tools for Climate Change Adaptation

Resource managers contend with achieving goals and mandates in an ever-changing world of exotic species invasions, emerging diseases, extinction risks, and shifting public expectations among others. These challenges must be faced in the context of a changing climate, which potentially alters ecosystem structure and function and undermines the predictability of ecosystem response to management...
By
Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
link

Developing Tools for Climate Change Adaptation

Resource managers contend with achieving goals and mandates in an ever-changing world of exotic species invasions, emerging diseases, extinction risks, and shifting public expectations among others. These challenges must be faced in the context of a changing climate, which potentially alters ecosystem structure and function and undermines the predictability of ecosystem response to management...
Learn More

If you are unable to access or download a product, email fresc_outreach@usgs.gov a request, including the full citation, or call (541) 750-1030.

Riparian Final Vegclass. Olympic National Park NRCA Westside Rivers Riparian Vegetation Project (2016)

Beschta and Ripple (2012) assert that increased elk populations in the Olympic National Park due to extirpation of wolves in the 1920s has led to a reduction in riparian vegetation. They hypothesize that a decrease in this vegetation has led to an increase in erosion and undercutting of large conifer trees along the river banks, causing woody debris in the river, which in turn impacts channel morp
By
Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
link

Establishment and Survival of Subalpine Fir Seedlings in Olympic National Park Meadows

Tree establishment in subalpine meadows is a multistep process, from cone production through adult survival, and a potential indicator of ecological...

Read Article
link

A Users’ Guide for modeling Sockeye Salmon at Washington’s Lake Ozette

The sockeye salmon population of the Lake Ozette watershed in northwestern Washington has been federally listed as threatened since 1999. Although the...

Read Article

Science and Products

  • Publications

    If you are unable to access or download a product, email fresc_outreach@usgs.gov a request, including the full citation, or call (541) 750-1030.

    Filter Total Items: 39

    Plant community succession following ungulate exclusion in a temperate rainforest

    Ecosystem structure and processes of coastal temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are thought to be strongly influenced by herbivory primarily of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and secondarily of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Two large (0.5-ha) exclosures were built in old-growth coniferous rainforest communities in Olympic National Park, Washi
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Establishment and survival of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in meadows of Olympic National Park, Washington

    Establishment of trees in subalpine meadows is a potential indicator of ecological effects of climate change. Tree establishment is a multi-year process including cone and seed production, germination, establishment, and growth, with each demographic step possibly sensitive to different climate limitations. While most studies have focused on one or a few steps, this study follows a cohort of indiv
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare) monitoring assessment, southern Appalachian Mountains, 1983–2008

    Rock gnome lichen (Gymnoderma lineare [Evans] Yoshimura and Sharp) was listed as a federally endangered species in 1995. It is endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains, with most known populations occurring in North Carolina, where it grows on vertical rock faces in the fog zone above an elevation of 1,525 meters or in humid, deep river gorges. Threats to the species include recreational use
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Integrating climate change considerations into natural resource planning—An implementation guide

    Executive SummaryClimate change vulnerability assessments and associated adaptation strategies and actions connect existing climate science with possible effects on natural resources and highlight potential responses. However, these assessments, which are commonly generated for large regional areas, suggest management options in general terms without guidance for choosing among strategies and acti
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Western Geographic Science Center

    Life-history model for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Lake Ozette, northwestern Washington—Users' guide

    Salmon populations spawning in the Lake Ozette watershed of northwestern Washington were once sufficiently abundant to support traditional Tribal fisheries, and were later harvested by settlers. However, in 1974 and 1975, the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) harvest decreased to 0 from a high of more than 17,500 in 1949, thus stimulating research into the causes of decrease, which resulted in e
    By
    Ecosystems, Species Management Research Program, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Skagit River coho salmon life history model—Users’ guide

    Natural resource management is conducted in the context of multiple anthropogenic stressors and is further challenged owing to changing climate. Experiments to determine the effects of climate change on complex ecological systems are nearly impossible. However, using a simulation model to synthesize current understanding of key ecological processes through the life cycle of a fish population can p
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Moving from awareness to action: Advancing climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning for Idaho and Montana National Forests

    The rugged landscapes of northern Idaho and western Montana support biodiverse ecosystems, and provide a variety of natural resources and services for human communities. However, the benefits provided by these ecosystems may be at risk as changing climate magnifies existing stressors and allows new stressors to emerge. Preparation for and response to these potential changes can be most effectively
    By
    Ecosystems, Climate Adaptation Science Centers, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Detecting significant change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in wilderness areas

    A major challenge in the biological monitoring of stream ecosystems in protected wilderness areas is discerning whether temporal changes in community structure are significantly outside of a reference condition that represents natural or acceptable annual variation in population cycles. Otherwise sites could erroneously be classified as impaired. Long-term datasets are essential for understanding
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Moving from awareness to action: Advancing climate change vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning for Idaho and Montana National Forests

    No abstract available.
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    North Cascades National Park Service Complex

    Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions for a subset of natural resources and resource indicators in national parks. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition (when possible), identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given project depend on the park’s resou
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Ground level environmental protein concentrations in various ecuadorian environments: potential uses of aerosolized protein for ecological research

    Large quantities of free protein in the environment and other bioaerosols are ubiquitous throughout terrestrial ground level environments and may be integrative indicators of ecosystem status. Samples of ground level bioaerosols were collected from various ecosystems throughout Ecuador, including pristine humid tropical forest (pristine), highly altered secondary humid tropical forest (highly alte
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Resource manager information needs regarding hydrologic regime shifts for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation

    Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) are a network of 22 public-private partnerships, defined by ecoregion, that share and provide science to ensure the sustainability of land, water, wildlife, and cultural resources in North America. LCCs were established by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) in recognition of the fact that response to climate change must be coordinated on a landscap
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center

    Non-USGS Publications**

    Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., Silsbee, D.G., 1995, Climate, geography, and tree establishment in subalpine meadows of the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 217-225.
    Woodward, A., Reed, J.D., 1995, Intake and digestibility for sheep and goats consuming supplementary Acacia brevispicaandSesbania sesban: Animal Feed Science and Technology, v. 56, no. 3-4, p. 207-216.
    Woodward, A., Coppock, D.L., 1995, Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia: Agroforestry Systems, v. 32, p. 147-161.
    Woodward, A., 1994, Cooperative research on glacier-climate relationships begins in the Pacific Northwest: Park Science, v. 14, no. 4, p. 9.
    Woodward, A., Silsbee, D.G., Schreiner, E.G., Means, J.E., 1994, Influence of climate on radial growth and cone production in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana): Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 24, p. 1133-1143.
    Schreiner, E.G., Gracz, M.B., Kaye, T.N., Woodward, A., Buckingham, N.M., 1994, Rare plants In: Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., eds., Mountain Goats in Olympic National Park: Biology and Management of an Introduced Species: Scientific Monograph NPS/NROLYM/NRSM-94/25, Denver, CO, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office, p. 173-185.
    Schreiner, E.G., Woodward, A., 1994, Responses of vegetation to reductions in goat density In: Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., eds., Mountain Goats in Olympic National Park: Biology and Management of an Introduced Species: Scientific Monograph NPS/NROLYM/NRSM-94/25, Denver, CO, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office, p. 129-138.
    Schreiner, E.G., Woodward, A., 1994, Study documents mountain goat impacts at Olympic National Park: Park Science, v. 14, no. 2, p. 23-25.
    Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., Moorhead, B.B., 1994, Ungulate-forest relationships in Olympic National Park- Retrospective exclosure studies: Northwest Science, v. 68, no. 2, p. 97-110.
    Woodward, A., Gracz, M.B., Schreiner, E.G., 1991, Climatic effects on establishment of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in meadows of the Olympic Mountains: Northwest Environmental Journal, v. 7, no. 2, p. 353-354.

    **Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

  • Science
    link
    USGS science for a changing world

    Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics

    Plant communities are the foundation for terrestrial trophic webs and animal habitat, and their structure and species composition are a result of biological and physical drivers. Additionally, they have a major role in geologic, geomorphic and soil development processes. Several global and regional stressors (for example, climate change, atmospheric and precipitation chemistry, introduced pests...
    By
    Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
    link

    Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics

    Plant communities are the foundation for terrestrial trophic webs and animal habitat, and their structure and species composition are a result of biological and physical drivers. Additionally, they have a major role in geologic, geomorphic and soil development processes. Several global and regional stressors (for example, climate change, atmospheric and precipitation chemistry, introduced pests...
    Learn More
    link
    USGS science for a changing world

    Tools and Techniques for Synthesizing Monitoring and Other Data

    Determining the best strategy for managing natural resources often requires a synthetic analysis describing the interactions among a multiplicity of ecosystem components and driving factors. However, comprehensive data sets are rarely collected to include all factors relevant to a given management decision. When data are obtained from multiple sources, they are often difficult to synthesize...
    By
    Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
    link

    Tools and Techniques for Synthesizing Monitoring and Other Data

    Determining the best strategy for managing natural resources often requires a synthetic analysis describing the interactions among a multiplicity of ecosystem components and driving factors. However, comprehensive data sets are rarely collected to include all factors relevant to a given management decision. When data are obtained from multiple sources, they are often difficult to synthesize...
    Learn More
    link
    USGS science for a changing world

    Frameworks, Strategies, and Protocols for Monitoring and Interdisciplinary Research

    Natural resource managers are faced with the prospect of dramatic climate change, the commencement of ecosystem- and landscape-scale restoration and management initiatives, as well as an interest in learning from and being accountable for restoration projects. The consequent needs for information have motivated many agencies to institute ecological monitoring programs and interdisciplinary...
    By
    Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
    link

    Frameworks, Strategies, and Protocols for Monitoring and Interdisciplinary Research

    Natural resource managers are faced with the prospect of dramatic climate change, the commencement of ecosystem- and landscape-scale restoration and management initiatives, as well as an interest in learning from and being accountable for restoration projects. The consequent needs for information have motivated many agencies to institute ecological monitoring programs and interdisciplinary...
    Learn More
    link
    USGS science for a changing world

    Developing Tools for Climate Change Adaptation

    Resource managers contend with achieving goals and mandates in an ever-changing world of exotic species invasions, emerging diseases, extinction risks, and shifting public expectations among others. These challenges must be faced in the context of a changing climate, which potentially alters ecosystem structure and function and undermines the predictability of ecosystem response to management...
    By
    Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
    link

    Developing Tools for Climate Change Adaptation

    Resource managers contend with achieving goals and mandates in an ever-changing world of exotic species invasions, emerging diseases, extinction risks, and shifting public expectations among others. These challenges must be faced in the context of a changing climate, which potentially alters ecosystem structure and function and undermines the predictability of ecosystem response to management...
    Learn More
  • Data

    If you are unable to access or download a product, email fresc_outreach@usgs.gov a request, including the full citation, or call (541) 750-1030.

    Riparian Final Vegclass. Olympic National Park NRCA Westside Rivers Riparian Vegetation Project (2016)

    Beschta and Ripple (2012) assert that increased elk populations in the Olympic National Park due to extirpation of wolves in the 1920s has led to a reduction in riparian vegetation. They hypothesize that a decrease in this vegetation has led to an increase in erosion and undercutting of large conifer trees along the river banks, causing woody debris in the river, which in turn impacts channel morp
    By
    Ecosystems, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
  • News
    link

    Establishment and Survival of Subalpine Fir Seedlings in Olympic National Park Meadows

    Tree establishment in subalpine meadows is a multistep process, from cone production through adult survival, and a potential indicator of ecological...

    Read Article
    link

    A Users’ Guide for modeling Sockeye Salmon at Washington’s Lake Ozette

    The sockeye salmon population of the Lake Ozette watershed in northwestern Washington has been federally listed as threatened since 1999. Although the...

    Read Article

*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government