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Kathleen S (Kathy) Smith, Ph.D.

Kathy Smith is a Scientist Emeritus with the Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center.

My research examines processes that influence metal concentration, speciation, bioavailability, and mobility in low-temperature aquatic systems. My general research interests include low-temperature aqueous geochemistry, environmental geochemistry, water/rock interactions, trace-element geochemistry, metal bioavailability, environmental toxicology of metals, characterization of mining wastes, leaching techniques, and sampling methodologies. My recent research topics include metal recovery from waste streams, metal sorption and transport in mined and mineralized areas, application of the biotic ligand model in mined and mineralized areas, and sampling and monitoring methods for the mine life cycle. Previous research topics include mine waste characterization, mine drainage characterization, geoenvironmental models, metal sorption onto iron oxyhydroxides, effects of fluvial tailings deposits on water quality, environmental effects of historical mining, and development of multi-disciplinary methods.

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Circular 1413 cover showing scientists in field and oil spill

Integrated Methods Development Project

The Integrated Methods Development Project (IMDP) was an interdisciplinary project to develop tools and conduct research requiring integration of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and remote-sensing expertise.
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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Integrated Methods Development Project

The Integrated Methods Development Project (IMDP) was an interdisciplinary project to develop tools and conduct research requiring integration of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and remote-sensing expertise.
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Developing integrated methods to address complex resource and environmental issues

IntroductionThis circular provides an overview of selected activities that were conducted within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Integrated Methods Development Project, an interdisciplinary project designed to develop new tools and conduct innovative research requiring integration of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and remote-sensing expertise. The project was supported by the USGS Mineral R
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Mineral Resources Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Spectroscopy Lab

Mining for metals in society's waste

Metals are crucial to society and enable our modern standard of living. Look around and you can't help but see products made of metals. For instance, a typical gasoline-powered automobile contains over a ton of iron and steel, 240 pounds of aluminum, 42 pounds of copper, 41 pounds of silicon, 22 pounds of zinc and more than 30 other mineral commodities including titanium, platinum and gold. Metals
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Geoffrey S. Plumlee, Philip L. Hageman
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Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Denver Microbeam Laboratory

Using biotic ligand models to predict metal toxicity in mineralized systems

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals. This approach was proposed as an alternative to expensive toxicological testing, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM into the 2007 revised aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria for Cu.
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Laurie S. Balistrieri, Andrew S. Todd
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Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Potential metal recovery from waste streams

‘Waste stream’ is a general term that describes the total flow of waste from homes, businesses, industrial facilities, and institutions that are recycled, burned or isolated from the environment in landfills or other types of storage, or dissipated into the environment. The recovery and reuse of chemical elements from waste streams have the potential to decrease U.S. reliance on primary resources
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Philip L. Hageman, Geoffrey S. Plumlee, James R. Budahn, Donald I. Bleiwas
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Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Can treatment and disposal costs be reduced through metal recovery?

This paper describes a framework to conduct a “metal-recovery feasibility assessment” for mining influenced water (MIW) and associated treatment sludge. There are multiple considerations in such a determination, including the geologic/geochemical feasibility, market feasibility, technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and administrative feasibility. Each of these considerations needs to be ev
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Linda Figueroa, Geoffrey S. Plumlee
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Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Sampling and monitoring for the mine life cycle

Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle provides an overview of sampling for environmental purposes and monitoring of environmentally relevant variables at mining sites. It focuses on environmental sampling and monitoring of surface water, and also considers groundwater, process water streams, rock, soil, and other media including air and biological organisms. The handbook includes an appe
Authors
Virginia T. McLemore, Kathleen S. Smith, Carol C. Russell
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Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Fractionation of fulvic acid by iron and aluminum oxides: influence on copper toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia

This study examines the effect on aquatic copper toxicity of the chemical fractionation of fulvic acid (FA) that results from its association with iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide precipitates. Fractionated and unfractionated FAs obtained from streamwater and suspended sediment were utilized in acute Cu toxicity tests on ,i>Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity test results with equal FA concentrations (6 mg
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, James F. Ranville, Emily K. Lesher, Daniel J. Diedrich, Diane M. McKnight, Ruth M. Sofield
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Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Sampling considerations in the mining environment

No abstract available. 
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Virginia T. McLemore, Carol C. Russell
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Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Data management, assessment, and analysis for decision-making

No abstract available. 
Authors
Carol C. Russell, Kathleen S. Smith, Virginia T. McLemore
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Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Decision making, risk, and uncertainty

No abstract available. 
Authors
Carol C. Russell, Kathleen S. Smith, Virginia T. McLemore
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Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Sampling and monitoring program implementation

No abstract available.
Authors
Carol C. Russell, Virginia T. McLemore, Kathleen S. Smith
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Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

The planning process

No abstract available. 
Authors
Carol C. Russell, Kathleen S. Smith, Virginia T. McLemore
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
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