Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) researchers tour a Guam Power Authority power substation to see how energy infrastructure is vulnerable to outages due to snakes.
Melia Nafus, PhD
Melia Nafus is a Research Ecologist at the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center.
Melia leads the USGS Brown Treesnake Project based in the Marianas where her research is focused on improving detection and capture of cryptic reptiles at low densities, potential ecological effects of snake control, and development and implementation of control measures to enact population suppression on Guam and prevent their spread to other Pacific Islands. She also develops and collaborates on research designed to inform ecology and species recovery needs in the Pacific and elsewhere, as well as invasive reptile ecology. Broadly speaking, Melia is interested in factors that affect persistence of herpetofaunal populations including behavior, habitat selection, population dynamics, and spatial use.
Professional Experience
2016 to Present, Research Ecologist, U.S. Geological Survey
2014 to 2016, Researcher, San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido California
Education and Certifications
Ph.D. Ecology, Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California Davis, 2014
B.S. Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 2007
Science and Products
Brown Treesnake Project
Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team
Guam power lines and brown treesnakes are an electric mix
Biology, Impacts and Control of Invasive Reptiles in the Pacific
Guam, brown treesnake and non-target species takes of baits based on the presence of ants, 2020-2024 Guam, brown treesnake and non-target species takes of baits based on the presence of ants, 2020-2024
Saipan, data collected from visual surveys during a mock rapid response exercise, October 2023 Saipan, data collected from visual surveys during a mock rapid response exercise, October 2023
Guam, USGS Closed Population data associated with lizard monitoring and reintroductions in and around USGS Closed Population, 2016 - 2022 Guam, USGS Closed Population data associated with lizard monitoring and reintroductions in and around USGS Closed Population, 2016 - 2022
Guam, Andersen Air Force Base housing area visual surveys for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and associated tree data, December 2019–November 2022. Guam, Andersen Air Force Base housing area visual surveys for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and associated tree data, December 2019–November 2022.
Guam, Morphometric and height data for brown treesnakes were detected at four sites on Guam, 2006 - 2023 Guam, Morphometric and height data for brown treesnakes were detected at four sites on Guam, 2006 - 2023
Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN) data relating to brown treesnake and prey interactions processed into monthly intervals from 10/2016 - 2/2023 Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN) data relating to brown treesnake and prey interactions processed into monthly intervals from 10/2016 - 2/2023
Data on dietary preference by brown treesnakes on Guam Data on dietary preference by brown treesnakes on Guam
Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN), an experimental eradication of brown treesnakes in a 5-ha study site, 2016 - 2023 Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN), an experimental eradication of brown treesnakes in a 5-ha study site, 2016 - 2023
Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015 Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015
Size distribution and reproductive data of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA, 1995-2021 Size distribution and reproductive data of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA, 1995-2021
Exogenous and endogenous factors influence invasive reptile movement at multiple scales, 2018 - 2019 Exogenous and endogenous factors influence invasive reptile movement at multiple scales, 2018 - 2019
Activity and habitat selection by female desert tortoises in Mojave National Preserve, California USA 2011 - 2013 Activity and habitat selection by female desert tortoises in Mojave National Preserve, California USA 2011 - 2013
Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) researchers tour a Guam Power Authority power substation to see how energy infrastructure is vulnerable to outages due to snakes.
Three biologists capture a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and record its measurements during field work on Guam. Bea Daria (center) trains Keisha Johnson (left) and Christiana Quinata (right) on the capture and processing of brown treesnakes.
Three biologists capture a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and record its measurements during field work on Guam. Bea Daria (center) trains Keisha Johnson (left) and Christiana Quinata (right) on the capture and processing of brown treesnakes.
Example of a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) wrapped around two wires. This image is an example of how adult brown treesnakes can bridge power lines and cause power outages. The brown treesnake is an arboreal invasive species on Guam where researchers have discovered electrocuted snakes on power lines and at substations.
Example of a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) wrapped around two wires. This image is an example of how adult brown treesnakes can bridge power lines and cause power outages. The brown treesnake is an arboreal invasive species on Guam where researchers have discovered electrocuted snakes on power lines and at substations.
Using periodic matrix models to simulate the effectiveness of alternative reintroduction strategies for lizards on a seasonal tropical island Using periodic matrix models to simulate the effectiveness of alternative reintroduction strategies for lizards on a seasonal tropical island
Behavioral plasticity in detection height of an invasive, arboreal snake based on size, condition, and prey Behavioral plasticity in detection height of an invasive, arboreal snake based on size, condition, and prey
The accuracy of capture per unit effort in predicting density of a cryptic snake was more sensitive to reductions in spatial than temporal coverage The accuracy of capture per unit effort in predicting density of a cryptic snake was more sensitive to reductions in spatial than temporal coverage
Quantifying the importance of ontogeny and prey type in modeling top-down and bottom-up effects of an ectothermic predator Quantifying the importance of ontogeny and prey type in modeling top-down and bottom-up effects of an ectothermic predator
Gape-limited invasive predator frequently kills avian prey that are too large to swallow Gape-limited invasive predator frequently kills avian prey that are too large to swallow
Adaptive resource management: Achieving functional eradication of invasive snakes to benefit avian conservation Adaptive resource management: Achieving functional eradication of invasive snakes to benefit avian conservation
Videographic monitoring at caves to estimate population size of the endangered yǻyaguak (Mariana swiftlet) on Guam Videographic monitoring at caves to estimate population size of the endangered yǻyaguak (Mariana swiftlet) on Guam
Limitations of invasive snake control tools in the context of a new invasion on an island with abundant prey Limitations of invasive snake control tools in the context of a new invasion on an island with abundant prey
Pilot study for invasive brown treesnake baiting in residential areas Pilot study for invasive brown treesnake baiting in residential areas
Size distribution and reproductive phenology of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA Size distribution and reproductive phenology of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA
Boiga irregularis (brown treesnake) Boiga irregularis (brown treesnake)
Invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) move short distances and have small activity areas in a high prey environment Invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) move short distances and have small activity areas in a high prey environment
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Code to create periodic matrix models and simulate population reintroductions for four lizards on Guam Code to create periodic matrix models and simulate population reintroductions for four lizards on Guam
Science and Products
Brown Treesnake Project
Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team
Guam power lines and brown treesnakes are an electric mix
Biology, Impacts and Control of Invasive Reptiles in the Pacific
Guam, brown treesnake and non-target species takes of baits based on the presence of ants, 2020-2024 Guam, brown treesnake and non-target species takes of baits based on the presence of ants, 2020-2024
Saipan, data collected from visual surveys during a mock rapid response exercise, October 2023 Saipan, data collected from visual surveys during a mock rapid response exercise, October 2023
Guam, USGS Closed Population data associated with lizard monitoring and reintroductions in and around USGS Closed Population, 2016 - 2022 Guam, USGS Closed Population data associated with lizard monitoring and reintroductions in and around USGS Closed Population, 2016 - 2022
Guam, Andersen Air Force Base housing area visual surveys for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and associated tree data, December 2019–November 2022. Guam, Andersen Air Force Base housing area visual surveys for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and associated tree data, December 2019–November 2022.
Guam, Morphometric and height data for brown treesnakes were detected at four sites on Guam, 2006 - 2023 Guam, Morphometric and height data for brown treesnakes were detected at four sites on Guam, 2006 - 2023
Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN) data relating to brown treesnake and prey interactions processed into monthly intervals from 10/2016 - 2/2023 Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN) data relating to brown treesnake and prey interactions processed into monthly intervals from 10/2016 - 2/2023
Data on dietary preference by brown treesnakes on Guam Data on dietary preference by brown treesnakes on Guam
Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN), an experimental eradication of brown treesnakes in a 5-ha study site, 2016 - 2023 Guam, USGS Closed Population (NWFN), an experimental eradication of brown treesnakes in a 5-ha study site, 2016 - 2023
Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015 Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015
Size distribution and reproductive data of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA, 1995-2021 Size distribution and reproductive data of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA, 1995-2021
Exogenous and endogenous factors influence invasive reptile movement at multiple scales, 2018 - 2019 Exogenous and endogenous factors influence invasive reptile movement at multiple scales, 2018 - 2019
Activity and habitat selection by female desert tortoises in Mojave National Preserve, California USA 2011 - 2013 Activity and habitat selection by female desert tortoises in Mojave National Preserve, California USA 2011 - 2013
Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) researchers tour a Guam Power Authority power substation to see how energy infrastructure is vulnerable to outages due to snakes.
Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) researchers tour a Guam Power Authority power substation to see how energy infrastructure is vulnerable to outages due to snakes.
Three biologists capture a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and record its measurements during field work on Guam. Bea Daria (center) trains Keisha Johnson (left) and Christiana Quinata (right) on the capture and processing of brown treesnakes.
Three biologists capture a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and record its measurements during field work on Guam. Bea Daria (center) trains Keisha Johnson (left) and Christiana Quinata (right) on the capture and processing of brown treesnakes.
Example of a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) wrapped around two wires. This image is an example of how adult brown treesnakes can bridge power lines and cause power outages. The brown treesnake is an arboreal invasive species on Guam where researchers have discovered electrocuted snakes on power lines and at substations.
Example of a brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) wrapped around two wires. This image is an example of how adult brown treesnakes can bridge power lines and cause power outages. The brown treesnake is an arboreal invasive species on Guam where researchers have discovered electrocuted snakes on power lines and at substations.
Using periodic matrix models to simulate the effectiveness of alternative reintroduction strategies for lizards on a seasonal tropical island Using periodic matrix models to simulate the effectiveness of alternative reintroduction strategies for lizards on a seasonal tropical island
Behavioral plasticity in detection height of an invasive, arboreal snake based on size, condition, and prey Behavioral plasticity in detection height of an invasive, arboreal snake based on size, condition, and prey
The accuracy of capture per unit effort in predicting density of a cryptic snake was more sensitive to reductions in spatial than temporal coverage The accuracy of capture per unit effort in predicting density of a cryptic snake was more sensitive to reductions in spatial than temporal coverage
Quantifying the importance of ontogeny and prey type in modeling top-down and bottom-up effects of an ectothermic predator Quantifying the importance of ontogeny and prey type in modeling top-down and bottom-up effects of an ectothermic predator
Gape-limited invasive predator frequently kills avian prey that are too large to swallow Gape-limited invasive predator frequently kills avian prey that are too large to swallow
Adaptive resource management: Achieving functional eradication of invasive snakes to benefit avian conservation Adaptive resource management: Achieving functional eradication of invasive snakes to benefit avian conservation
Videographic monitoring at caves to estimate population size of the endangered yǻyaguak (Mariana swiftlet) on Guam Videographic monitoring at caves to estimate population size of the endangered yǻyaguak (Mariana swiftlet) on Guam
Limitations of invasive snake control tools in the context of a new invasion on an island with abundant prey Limitations of invasive snake control tools in the context of a new invasion on an island with abundant prey
Pilot study for invasive brown treesnake baiting in residential areas Pilot study for invasive brown treesnake baiting in residential areas
Size distribution and reproductive phenology of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA Size distribution and reproductive phenology of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA
Boiga irregularis (brown treesnake) Boiga irregularis (brown treesnake)
Invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) move short distances and have small activity areas in a high prey environment Invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) move short distances and have small activity areas in a high prey environment
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.