Mike Budde is a geographer with the US Geological Survey (USGS) at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD.
Mike Budde is a geographer with the US Geological Survey (USGS) at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD. He has utilized satellite remote sensing to monitor vegetation dynamics, surface energy balance, snow cover, and other landscape processes for more than 20 years. Budde is currently a member of the Early Warning for Food Security focus area of the Integrated Science and Applications Branch of USGS EROS. His primary responsibility is acting as a technical lead on the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) project. FEWS NET specializes in remote and field-based monitoring of crop and pastoral conditions to provide early warning of food insecurity in the developing world to the US Agency for International Development.
In addition to FEWS NET responsibilities, Budde acts as the USGS Liaison to the International Charter Space and Major Disasters. The Charter is a worldwide collaboration, through which satellite data are made available for the benefit of disaster management. His role as an Executive Secretariat member and authorized user allows him the ability to activate the Charter on behalf of emergency managers, both domestic and foreign, and guide the operational Charter functions on behalf of USGS.
Science and Products
SSEBop Evapotranspiration Data from 2012 to Present: Dekadal (10-day), Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Time Scales
On vegetated landscapes, Evapotranspiration (ET) can be simplified as the combination of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from vegetation.
Actual ET (ETa) is produced using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model Version 6 (Senay et al., 2013, 2020, 2023) from 2012 to Present using a data stream from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard
Filter Total Items: 16
A global long-term daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration for drought and food-security monitoring
NOAA has developed a global reference evapotranspiration (ET0) reanalysis using the UN Food and Agriculture Organization formulation (FAO-56) of the Penman-Monteith equation forced by MERRA phase 2 (MERRA2) meteorological and radiative drivers. The NOAA ET0 reanalysis is provided daily from January 1, 1980 to the near-present at a resolution of 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude. The reanalysis is v
Authors
Mike Hobbins, Timen Jansma, Daniel Sarmiento, Amy McNally, Tamuka Magadzire, Harikishan Jayanthi, Will Turner, Andrew Hoell, Greg Husak, Gabriel B. Senay, Olena Boiko, Michael Budde, Pamella Magone, Candida Dewes
Maize yield forecasts for Sub-Saharan Africa using Earth Observation data and machine learning
Food insecurity continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2019, chronically malnourished people numbered nearly 240 million, or 20% of the population in SSA. Globally, numerous efforts have been made to anticipate potential droughts, crop conditions, and food shortages in order to improve early warning and risk management for food insecurity. To support this goal, we develop an Earth Obser
Authors
Donghoon Lee, Frank Davenport, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, W. Chris Funk, Laura Harrison, Amy McNally, Michael Budde, James Rowland, James Verdin
Vegetation monitoring optimization with normalized difference vegetation index and evapotranspiration using remote sensing measurements and land surface models over East Africa
The majority of people in East Africa rely on the agro-pastoral system for their livelihood, which is highly vulnerable to droughts and flooding. Agro-pastoral droughts are endemic to the region and are considered the main natural hazard that contributes to food insecurity. Drought begins with rainfall deficit, gradually leading to soil moisture deficit, higher land surface temperature, and finall
Authors
Shahriar Pervez, Amy McNally, Kristi Arsenault, Michael Budde, James Rowland
A high-resolution 1983-2016 Tmax climate data record based on InfraRed Temperatures and Stations by the Climate Hazard Center
Understanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for 21st century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may exacerbate heat waves, droughts and precipitation extremes. Yet our ability to monitor temperature variations is limited and declining. Between 1983 and 2016 the number of observations in the CRU Tmax product declined p
Authors
Chris Funk, Pete Peterson, Seth H. Peterson, Shraddhanand Shukla, Frank Davenport, Joel Michaelsen, Martin Landsfeld, Gregory Husak, Laura Harrison, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Kenneth Knapp
Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska
Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal change
Authors
Kyle R. Hogrefe, Vijay P. Patil, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brandt W. Meixell, Michael E. Budde, Jerry W. Hupp, David H. Ward
Multi-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: Effects of environmental and ecological factors
Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined trends in the timing of the first arrival for 16 avian migrant species at the terminus of their nor
Authors
David H. Ward, J. Helmericks, Jerry W. Hupp, L. McManus, Michael Budde, David C. Douglas, K.D. Tape
Drought monitoring and assessment: Remote sensing and modeling approaches for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. It is usually carried out using drought indices/indicators that are continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. This chapter presents a few examples of how remote sensing and hydrologic modeling techniques are being used to generate a suite of drought monitoring indicators at dekadal (10-day), mo
Authors
Gabriel Senay, Naga Manohar Velpuri, Stefanie Bohms, Michael Budde, Claudia Young, James Rowland, James Verdin
Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors
Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-
Authors
Joseph R. Liebezeit, K. E. B. Gurney, Michael E. Budde, Steve Zack, David H. Ward
Mapping irrigated areas in Afghanistan over the past decade using MODIS NDVI
Agricultural production capacity contributes to food security in Afghanistan and is largely dependent on irrigated farming, mostly utilizing surface water fed by snowmelt. Because of the high contribution of irrigated crops (> 80%) to total agricultural production, knowing the spatial distribution and year-to-year variability in irrigated areas is imperative to monitoring food security for the cou
Authors
Md Shahriar Pervez, Michael Budde, James Rowland
Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model
Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main pu
Authors
Gabriel B. Senay, Michael E. Budde, James P. Verdin
Agriculture and food availability -- remote sensing of agriculture for food security monitoring in the developing world
For one-sixth of the world’s population - roughly 1 billion children, women and men - growing, buying or receiving adequate, affordable food to eat is a daily uncertainty. The World Monetary Fund reports that food prices worldwide increased 43 percent in 2007-2008, and unpredictable growing conditions make subsistence farming, on which many depend, a risky business. Scientists with the U.S. Geolog
Authors
Michael E. Budde, James Rowland, Christopher C. Funk
Estimating actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields using a simplified surface energy balance approach
Food security assessment in many developing countries, such as Afghanistan, is vital because the early identification of populations at risk can enable the timely and appropriate actions needed to avert widespread hunger, destitution, or even famine. The assessment is complex, requiring the simultaneous consideration of multiple socioeconomic and environmental variables. Since large and widely dis
Authors
G.B. Senay, M.E. Budde, J. P. Verdin, James D. Rowland
Science and Products
- Data
SSEBop Evapotranspiration Data from 2012 to Present: Dekadal (10-day), Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Time Scales
On vegetated landscapes, Evapotranspiration (ET) can be simplified as the combination of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from vegetation. Actual ET (ETa) is produced using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model Version 6 (Senay et al., 2013, 2020, 2023) from 2012 to Present using a data stream from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard - Publications
Filter Total Items: 16
A global long-term daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration for drought and food-security monitoring
NOAA has developed a global reference evapotranspiration (ET0) reanalysis using the UN Food and Agriculture Organization formulation (FAO-56) of the Penman-Monteith equation forced by MERRA phase 2 (MERRA2) meteorological and radiative drivers. The NOAA ET0 reanalysis is provided daily from January 1, 1980 to the near-present at a resolution of 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude. The reanalysis is vAuthorsMike Hobbins, Timen Jansma, Daniel Sarmiento, Amy McNally, Tamuka Magadzire, Harikishan Jayanthi, Will Turner, Andrew Hoell, Greg Husak, Gabriel B. Senay, Olena Boiko, Michael Budde, Pamella Magone, Candida DewesMaize yield forecasts for Sub-Saharan Africa using Earth Observation data and machine learning
Food insecurity continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2019, chronically malnourished people numbered nearly 240 million, or 20% of the population in SSA. Globally, numerous efforts have been made to anticipate potential droughts, crop conditions, and food shortages in order to improve early warning and risk management for food insecurity. To support this goal, we develop an Earth ObserAuthorsDonghoon Lee, Frank Davenport, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, W. Chris Funk, Laura Harrison, Amy McNally, Michael Budde, James Rowland, James VerdinVegetation monitoring optimization with normalized difference vegetation index and evapotranspiration using remote sensing measurements and land surface models over East Africa
The majority of people in East Africa rely on the agro-pastoral system for their livelihood, which is highly vulnerable to droughts and flooding. Agro-pastoral droughts are endemic to the region and are considered the main natural hazard that contributes to food insecurity. Drought begins with rainfall deficit, gradually leading to soil moisture deficit, higher land surface temperature, and finallAuthorsShahriar Pervez, Amy McNally, Kristi Arsenault, Michael Budde, James RowlandA high-resolution 1983-2016 Tmax climate data record based on InfraRed Temperatures and Stations by the Climate Hazard Center
Understanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for 21st century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may exacerbate heat waves, droughts and precipitation extremes. Yet our ability to monitor temperature variations is limited and declining. Between 1983 and 2016 the number of observations in the CRU Tmax product declined pAuthorsChris Funk, Pete Peterson, Seth H. Peterson, Shraddhanand Shukla, Frank Davenport, Joel Michaelsen, Martin Landsfeld, Gregory Husak, Laura Harrison, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Kenneth KnappNormalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska
Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal changeAuthorsKyle R. Hogrefe, Vijay P. Patil, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brandt W. Meixell, Michael E. Budde, Jerry W. Hupp, David H. WardMulti-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: Effects of environmental and ecological factors
Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined trends in the timing of the first arrival for 16 avian migrant species at the terminus of their norAuthorsDavid H. Ward, J. Helmericks, Jerry W. Hupp, L. McManus, Michael Budde, David C. Douglas, K.D. TapeDrought monitoring and assessment: Remote sensing and modeling approaches for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. It is usually carried out using drought indices/indicators that are continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. This chapter presents a few examples of how remote sensing and hydrologic modeling techniques are being used to generate a suite of drought monitoring indicators at dekadal (10-day), moAuthorsGabriel Senay, Naga Manohar Velpuri, Stefanie Bohms, Michael Budde, Claudia Young, James Rowland, James VerdinPhenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors
Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-AuthorsJoseph R. Liebezeit, K. E. B. Gurney, Michael E. Budde, Steve Zack, David H. WardMapping irrigated areas in Afghanistan over the past decade using MODIS NDVI
Agricultural production capacity contributes to food security in Afghanistan and is largely dependent on irrigated farming, mostly utilizing surface water fed by snowmelt. Because of the high contribution of irrigated crops (> 80%) to total agricultural production, knowing the spatial distribution and year-to-year variability in irrigated areas is imperative to monitoring food security for the couAuthorsMd Shahriar Pervez, Michael Budde, James RowlandEnhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach for Estimating Landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model
Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main puAuthorsGabriel B. Senay, Michael E. Budde, James P. VerdinAgriculture and food availability -- remote sensing of agriculture for food security monitoring in the developing world
For one-sixth of the world’s population - roughly 1 billion children, women and men - growing, buying or receiving adequate, affordable food to eat is a daily uncertainty. The World Monetary Fund reports that food prices worldwide increased 43 percent in 2007-2008, and unpredictable growing conditions make subsistence farming, on which many depend, a risky business. Scientists with the U.S. GeologAuthorsMichael E. Budde, James Rowland, Christopher C. FunkEstimating actual evapotranspiration from irrigated fields using a simplified surface energy balance approach
Food security assessment in many developing countries, such as Afghanistan, is vital because the early identification of populations at risk can enable the timely and appropriate actions needed to avert widespread hunger, destitution, or even famine. The assessment is complex, requiring the simultaneous consideration of multiple socioeconomic and environmental variables. Since large and widely disAuthorsG.B. Senay, M.E. Budde, J. P. Verdin, James D. Rowland