Michael Budde
Mike Budde is a geographer with the US Geological Survey (USGS) at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD.
Mike Budde is a geographer with the US Geological Survey (USGS) at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD. He has utilized satellite remote sensing to monitor vegetation dynamics, surface energy balance, snow cover, and other landscape processes for more than 20 years. Budde is currently a member of the Early Warning for Food Security focus area of the Integrated Science and Applications Branch of USGS EROS. His primary responsibility is acting as a technical lead on the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) project. FEWS NET specializes in remote and field-based monitoring of crop and pastoral conditions to provide early warning of food insecurity in the developing world to the US Agency for International Development.
In addition to FEWS NET responsibilities, Budde acts as the USGS Liaison to the International Charter Space and Major Disasters. The Charter is a worldwide collaboration, through which satellite data are made available for the benefit of disaster management. His role as an Executive Secretariat member and authorized user allows him the ability to activate the Charter on behalf of emergency managers, both domestic and foreign, and guide the operational Charter functions on behalf of USGS.
Science and Products
SSEBop Evapotranspiration Data from 2012 to Present: Dekadal (10-day), Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Time Scales
On vegetated landscapes, Evapotranspiration (ET) can be simplified as the combination of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from vegetation.
Actual ET (ETa) is produced using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model Version 6 (Senay et al., 2013, 2020, 2023) from 2012 to Present using a data stream from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard
Filter Total Items: 20
Testing spatial out-of-sample area of influence for grain forecasting models
We examine the factors that determine if a grain forecasting model fit to one region can be transferred to another region. Prior research has proposed examining the area of applicability (AoA) of a model based on structurally similar characteristics in the Earth Observation predictors and weights based on the model derived feature importance. We expand on and evaluate this approach in the context
Authors
Frank Davenport, Donghoon Lee, Shraddhanand Shukla, Greg Husak, W. Chris Funk, Michael Budde, James Rowland
A global long-term daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration for drought and food-security monitoring
NOAA has developed a global reference evapotranspiration (ET0) reanalysis using the UN Food and Agriculture Organization formulation (FAO-56) of the Penman-Monteith equation forced by MERRA phase 2 (MERRA2) meteorological and radiative drivers. The NOAA ET0 reanalysis is provided daily from January 1, 1980 to the near-present at a resolution of 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude. The reanalysis is v
Authors
Mike Hobbins, Timen Jansma, Daniel Sarmiento, Amy McNally, Tamuka Magadzire, Harikishan Jayanthi, Will Turner, Andrew Hoell, Greg Husak, Gabriel B. Senay, Olena Boiko, Michael Budde, Pamella Magone, Candida Dewes
A Central Asia hydrologic monitoring dataset for food and water security applications in Afghanistan
From the Hindu Kush mountains to the Registan Desert, Afghanistan is a diverse landscape where droughts, floods, conflict, and economic market accessibility pose challenges for agricultural livelihoods and food security. The ability to remotely monitor environmental conditions is critical to support decision making for humanitarian assistance. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) La
Authors
Amy McNally, Jossy Jacob, Kristi Arsenault, Kimberly Slinski, Daniel Sarmiento, Andrew Hoell, Shahriar Pervez, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Sujay Kumar, Christa Peters-Lidard, James Verdin
Maize yield forecasts for Sub-Saharan Africa using Earth Observation data and machine learning
Food insecurity continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2019, chronically malnourished people numbered nearly 240 million, or 20% of the population in SSA. Globally, numerous efforts have been made to anticipate potential droughts, crop conditions, and food shortages in order to improve early warning and risk management for food insecurity. To support this goal, we develop an Earth Obser
Authors
Donghoon Lee, Frank Davenport, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, W. Chris Funk, Laura Harrison, Amy McNally, Michael Budde, James Rowland, James Verdin
Enhancing the application of Earth observations for improved environmental decision-making using the Early Warning eXplorer (EWX)
The mitigation of losses due to extreme climate events and long-term climate adaptation requires climate informed decision-making. In the past few decades, several remote sensing and modeled-based Earth observations (EOs) have been developed to provide an unprecedented global overview and routine monitoring of climate and its impacts on vegetation and hydrologic conditions, with the goal of suppor
Authors
Shraddhanand Shukla, Martin Landsfeld, Michelle Anthony, Michael Budde, Greg Husak, James Rowland, Chris Funk
Vegetation monitoring optimization with normalized difference vegetation index and evapotranspiration using remote sensing measurements and land surface models over East Africa
The majority of people in East Africa rely on the agro-pastoral system for their livelihood, which is highly vulnerable to droughts and flooding. Agro-pastoral droughts are endemic to the region and are considered the main natural hazard that contributes to food insecurity. Drought begins with rainfall deficit, gradually leading to soil moisture deficit, higher land surface temperature, and finall
Authors
Shahriar Pervez, Amy McNally, Kristi Arsenault, Michael Budde, James Rowland
A high-resolution 1983-2016 Tmax climate data record based on InfraRed Temperatures and Stations by the Climate Hazard Center
Understanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for 21st century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may exacerbate heat waves, droughts and precipitation extremes. Yet our ability to monitor temperature variations is limited and declining. Between 1983 and 2016 the number of observations in the CRU Tmax product declined p
Authors
Chris Funk, Pete Peterson, Seth H. Peterson, Shraddhanand Shukla, Frank Davenport, Joel Michaelsen, Martin Landsfeld, Gregory Husak, Laura Harrison, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Kenneth Knapp
Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska
Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal change
Authors
Kyle R. Hogrefe, Vijay P. Patil, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brandt W. Meixell, Michael E. Budde, Jerry W. Hupp, David H. Ward
Multi-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: Effects of environmental and ecological factors
Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined trends in the timing of the first arrival for 16 avian migrant species at the terminus of their nor
Authors
David H. Ward, J. Helmericks, Jerry W. Hupp, L. McManus, Michael Budde, David C. Douglas, K.D. Tape
Drought monitoring and assessment: Remote sensing and modeling approaches for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. It is usually carried out using drought indices/indicators that are continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. This chapter presents a few examples of how remote sensing and hydrologic modeling techniques are being used to generate a suite of drought monitoring indicators at dekadal (10-day), mo
Authors
Gabriel Senay, Naga Manohar Velpuri, Stefanie Bohms, Michael Budde, Claudia Young, James Rowland, James Verdin
Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors
Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-
Authors
Joseph R. Liebezeit, K. E. B. Gurney, Michael E. Budde, Steve Zack, David H. Ward
Mapping irrigated areas in Afghanistan over the past decade using MODIS NDVI
Agricultural production capacity contributes to food security in Afghanistan and is largely dependent on irrigated farming, mostly utilizing surface water fed by snowmelt. Because of the high contribution of irrigated crops (> 80%) to total agricultural production, knowing the spatial distribution and year-to-year variability in irrigated areas is imperative to monitoring food security for the cou
Authors
Md Shahriar Pervez, Michael Budde, James Rowland
Science and Products
SSEBop Evapotranspiration Data from 2012 to Present: Dekadal (10-day), Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Time Scales
On vegetated landscapes, Evapotranspiration (ET) can be simplified as the combination of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from vegetation.
Actual ET (ETa) is produced using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model Version 6 (Senay et al., 2013, 2020, 2023) from 2012 to Present using a data stream from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard
Filter Total Items: 20
Testing spatial out-of-sample area of influence for grain forecasting models
We examine the factors that determine if a grain forecasting model fit to one region can be transferred to another region. Prior research has proposed examining the area of applicability (AoA) of a model based on structurally similar characteristics in the Earth Observation predictors and weights based on the model derived feature importance. We expand on and evaluate this approach in the context
Authors
Frank Davenport, Donghoon Lee, Shraddhanand Shukla, Greg Husak, W. Chris Funk, Michael Budde, James Rowland
A global long-term daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration for drought and food-security monitoring
NOAA has developed a global reference evapotranspiration (ET0) reanalysis using the UN Food and Agriculture Organization formulation (FAO-56) of the Penman-Monteith equation forced by MERRA phase 2 (MERRA2) meteorological and radiative drivers. The NOAA ET0 reanalysis is provided daily from January 1, 1980 to the near-present at a resolution of 0.5° latitude × 0.625° longitude. The reanalysis is v
Authors
Mike Hobbins, Timen Jansma, Daniel Sarmiento, Amy McNally, Tamuka Magadzire, Harikishan Jayanthi, Will Turner, Andrew Hoell, Greg Husak, Gabriel B. Senay, Olena Boiko, Michael Budde, Pamella Magone, Candida Dewes
A Central Asia hydrologic monitoring dataset for food and water security applications in Afghanistan
From the Hindu Kush mountains to the Registan Desert, Afghanistan is a diverse landscape where droughts, floods, conflict, and economic market accessibility pose challenges for agricultural livelihoods and food security. The ability to remotely monitor environmental conditions is critical to support decision making for humanitarian assistance. The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) La
Authors
Amy McNally, Jossy Jacob, Kristi Arsenault, Kimberly Slinski, Daniel Sarmiento, Andrew Hoell, Shahriar Pervez, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Sujay Kumar, Christa Peters-Lidard, James Verdin
Maize yield forecasts for Sub-Saharan Africa using Earth Observation data and machine learning
Food insecurity continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2019, chronically malnourished people numbered nearly 240 million, or 20% of the population in SSA. Globally, numerous efforts have been made to anticipate potential droughts, crop conditions, and food shortages in order to improve early warning and risk management for food insecurity. To support this goal, we develop an Earth Obser
Authors
Donghoon Lee, Frank Davenport, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, W. Chris Funk, Laura Harrison, Amy McNally, Michael Budde, James Rowland, James Verdin
Enhancing the application of Earth observations for improved environmental decision-making using the Early Warning eXplorer (EWX)
The mitigation of losses due to extreme climate events and long-term climate adaptation requires climate informed decision-making. In the past few decades, several remote sensing and modeled-based Earth observations (EOs) have been developed to provide an unprecedented global overview and routine monitoring of climate and its impacts on vegetation and hydrologic conditions, with the goal of suppor
Authors
Shraddhanand Shukla, Martin Landsfeld, Michelle Anthony, Michael Budde, Greg Husak, James Rowland, Chris Funk
Vegetation monitoring optimization with normalized difference vegetation index and evapotranspiration using remote sensing measurements and land surface models over East Africa
The majority of people in East Africa rely on the agro-pastoral system for their livelihood, which is highly vulnerable to droughts and flooding. Agro-pastoral droughts are endemic to the region and are considered the main natural hazard that contributes to food insecurity. Drought begins with rainfall deficit, gradually leading to soil moisture deficit, higher land surface temperature, and finall
Authors
Shahriar Pervez, Amy McNally, Kristi Arsenault, Michael Budde, James Rowland
A high-resolution 1983-2016 Tmax climate data record based on InfraRed Temperatures and Stations by the Climate Hazard Center
Understanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for 21st century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may exacerbate heat waves, droughts and precipitation extremes. Yet our ability to monitor temperature variations is limited and declining. Between 1983 and 2016 the number of observations in the CRU Tmax product declined p
Authors
Chris Funk, Pete Peterson, Seth H. Peterson, Shraddhanand Shukla, Frank Davenport, Joel Michaelsen, Martin Landsfeld, Gregory Husak, Laura Harrison, James Rowland, Michael Budde, Kenneth Knapp
Normalized difference vegetation index as an estimator for abundance and quality of avian herbivore forage in arctic Alaska
Tools that can monitor biomass and nutritional quality of forage plants are needed to understand how arctic herbivores may respond to the rapidly changing environment at high latitudes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of terrestrial vegetative communities. However, the efficacy of NDVI to measure seasonal change
Authors
Kyle R. Hogrefe, Vijay P. Patil, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Brandt W. Meixell, Michael E. Budde, Jerry W. Hupp, David H. Ward
Multi-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: Effects of environmental and ecological factors
Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined trends in the timing of the first arrival for 16 avian migrant species at the terminus of their nor
Authors
David H. Ward, J. Helmericks, Jerry W. Hupp, L. McManus, Michael Budde, David C. Douglas, K.D. Tape
Drought monitoring and assessment: Remote sensing and modeling approaches for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. It is usually carried out using drought indices/indicators that are continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. This chapter presents a few examples of how remote sensing and hydrologic modeling techniques are being used to generate a suite of drought monitoring indicators at dekadal (10-day), mo
Authors
Gabriel Senay, Naga Manohar Velpuri, Stefanie Bohms, Michael Budde, Claudia Young, James Rowland, James Verdin
Phenological adjustment in arctic bird species: relative importance of snow melt and ecological factors
Previous studies have documented advancement in clutch initiation dates (CIDs) in response to climate change, most notably for temperate-breeding passerines. Despite accelerated climate change in the Arctic, few studies have examined nest phenology shifts in arctic breeding species. We investigated whether CIDs have advanced for the most abundant breeding shorebird and passerine species at a long-
Authors
Joseph R. Liebezeit, K. E. B. Gurney, Michael E. Budde, Steve Zack, David H. Ward
Mapping irrigated areas in Afghanistan over the past decade using MODIS NDVI
Agricultural production capacity contributes to food security in Afghanistan and is largely dependent on irrigated farming, mostly utilizing surface water fed by snowmelt. Because of the high contribution of irrigated crops (> 80%) to total agricultural production, knowing the spatial distribution and year-to-year variability in irrigated areas is imperative to monitoring food security for the cou
Authors
Md Shahriar Pervez, Michael Budde, James Rowland