Michelle Stern, PhD (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Sentinel Site Modeling
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) installed more than 40 climate and biodiversity monitoring stations, called sentinel sites, on public lands across the state. These sites collect detailed data on things like temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and more to track how the environment is changing. Each site is meant to reflect conditions in the surrounding area, but...
Culturally Prescribed Fire
Culturally prescribed burning has been long practiced by the Yurok Tribe for a variety of reasons. This study explores using culturally prescribed fire as a land management tool for increasing the resiliency of streams and watersheds.
Incorporating Impacts of Wildfire and Vegetation Recovery into a Watershed Model of the Feather River Basin
Changes in vegetation in a large watershed due to wildfire can have a substantial influence on actual evapotranspiration rates and water availability. After a large, intense wildfire, evapotranspiration rates are expected to decrease. As vegetation reestablishes, the evapotranspiration rates increase over a period of years, back to pre-fire conditions. Watershed models typically use input layers...
Rendering High-Resolution Hydro-Climatic Data for Southern California
Natural resource managers and researchers often need long-term averages of historical and future climate scenarios for their study area yet may not have the resources to make these summaries. This project will provide high quality, detailed maps of historical and projected future climate and hydrologic conditions for California and a finer scale version for southern California. The...
Monitoring and modeling soil moisture to improve runoff forecasting and drought characterization in the Feather River Basin
Drought, along with recent wildfires, have had enormous impacts downstream on water quantity and quality. These conditions have greatly impacted the agriculture and the residents of the nearby Central Valley.
New Technologies for Mapping Surface Soil Moisture Over Wildfire-Prone Landscapes
A partnership between the USGS, Pepperwood Preserve, and Black Swift LLC aims to map soil and fuel moisture over wildfire-prone landscapes.
Filter Total Items: 15
Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology
This data release includes the revised downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint and others (2021a), in a 30 by 30-meter spatial resolution at a monthly time step from water years 1896 to 2024 for the upper Feather River watershed. This data release includes five child items: 1. 30-year summaries, 2...
Fine Scale Historical Climate and Hydrology for Sentinel Monitoring Locations in California using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) Fine Scale Historical Climate and Hydrology for Sentinel Monitoring Locations in California using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM)
This data release includes downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from 41 Basin Characterization Models (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint and others (2021), with a 10 by 10-meter spatial resolution at monthly intervals from water years 1896 to 2023. Forty-one (41) models were developed for sentinel monitoring locations in Wildlife Areas and Ecological Reserves in...
Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology
Note: This data release has been deprecated. A new version is currently in press. This data release includes downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint et al. (2021a), in a 30 by 30-meter spatial resolution at a monthly time step from water years 1896 to 2023 for the upper Feather River watershed. This...
Historical and future simulated streamflow and sediment loads from Clear Lake tributaries in California Historical and future simulated streamflow and sediment loads from Clear Lake tributaries in California
This dataset includes simulated streamflow and sediment discharge for major tributaries contributing to Clear Lake, California. Historical hourly streamflow and sediment for each tributary location were outputs from an Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) model. The historical data is available at an hourly time step from October 1980 to March 2024. The future time series...
Geochemical and isotopic data for soils and sediments from the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California (ver. 2.0, August 2025) Geochemical and isotopic data for soils and sediments from the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California (ver. 2.0, August 2025)
This dataset includes geochemical, isotopic, and particle-size data for soil and sediment samples collected at approximately 500 sites in the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California, between November 2021 and December 2023. Data are also reported for ten soil samples collected during October 2018 soon after the Ranch Fire in the upper Scotts Creek watershed. Samples of lakebed...
Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) for the Salton Sea Watershed - Monthly Historical (water years 1896-2023) Climate and Hydrology Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) for the Salton Sea Watershed - Monthly Historical (water years 1896-2023) Climate and Hydrology
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for the Salton Sea Watershed, which crosses the international border into Mexico in the southern part of the basin. Downscaled gridded climate inputs (Daly et al., 2008) for the California portion of the BCM (Flint et al, 2021) include: precipitation (ppt)...
Filter Total Items: 17
Widespread occurrence of Magnéli phases in wildland-urban interface fire ashes Widespread occurrence of Magnéli phases in wildland-urban interface fire ashes
The increasing activity of wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires has raised concerns regarding the potential environmental and human health impacts of residual ash remaining after burning. In this study, we investigated the concentration and speciation of titanium in WUI fire ash. Total titanium concentrations in WUI fire ash ranged from 0.53 to 80 g kg–1. Synchrotron-based macro- and...
Authors
Mohammed Baalousha, Morgane Desmau, Roberto A. Colina-Ruiz, Antonio Lanzirotti, Sheryl A. Singerling, Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Assessing natural recharge in Indian Wells Valley, California: A Basin Characterization Model case study Assessing natural recharge in Indian Wells Valley, California: A Basin Characterization Model case study
The communities in Indian Wells Valley (IWV), in the northern Mojave Desert in California, rely on groundwater for domestic and agricultural use. Mountain front recharge from the surrounding Sierra Nevada is the main source of natural recharge to the valley. Increased urbanization, agricultural development, and groundwater pumping during recent decades put IWV in a state of critical...
Authors
Dina Saleh, Lorraine E. Flint, Michelle A. Stern
Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF)
No abstract available.
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Fine-scale surficial soil moisture mapping using UAS-based L-band remote sensing in a mixed oak-grassland landscape Fine-scale surficial soil moisture mapping using UAS-based L-band remote sensing in a mixed oak-grassland landscape
Soil moisture maps provide quantitative information that, along with climate and energy balance, is critical to integrate with hydrologic processes for characterizing landscape conditions. However, soil moisture maps are difficult to produce for natural landscapes because of vegetation cover and complex topography. Satellite-based L-band microwave sensors are commonly used to develop...
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Ryan Ferrell, Lorraine E. Flint, Melina Kozanitas, David Ackerly, Jack Elston, Maciej Stachura, Eryan Dai, James H. Thorne
Discovery and potential ramifications of reduced iron-bearing nanoparticles — Magnetite, wüstite, and zero-valent iron — In wildland–urban interface fire ashes Discovery and potential ramifications of reduced iron-bearing nanoparticles — Magnetite, wüstite, and zero-valent iron — In wildland–urban interface fire ashes
The increase in fires at the wildland–urban interface has raised concerns about the potential environmental impact of ash remaining after burning. Here, we examined the concentrations and speciation of iron-bearing nanoparticles in wildland–urban interface ash. Total iron concentrations in ash varied between 4 and 66 mg g−1. Synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)...
Authors
Mohammed Baalousha, Morgane Desmau, Sheryl A. Singerling, Jackson P. Webster, Sandrine Matiasek, Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Selecting the optimal fine-scale historical climate data for assessing current and future hydrological conditions Selecting the optimal fine-scale historical climate data for assessing current and future hydrological conditions
High-resolution historical climate grids are readily available and frequently used as inputs for a wide range of regional management and risk assessments, including water supply, ecological processes, and as baseline for climate change impact studies that compare them to future projected conditions. Because historical gridded climates are produced using various methods, their portrayal...
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Flint, Ryan M Boynton, Joseph A E Stewart, Jessica W Wright, James H. Thorne
Non-USGS Publications**
Stern, M.A., Flint, L.E., Minear, J.T., Flint, A.L., Wright, S.A., Characterizing Changes in Streamflow and Sediment Supply in the Sacramento River Basin, California, Using Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF). Water. 2016; 8(10):432. doi:10.3390/w8100432
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Soil Moisture Levels in the Upper Feather River Watershed Soil Moisture Levels in the Upper Feather River Watershed
Explore real-time soil moisture data by clicking on each point. Access site-specific USGS NWIS Water Data pages for time-series data on soil temperature, electrical conductance, and moisture. Some sites also include NRCS soil profile descriptions.
Basin Characterization Model (BCM) Basin Characterization Model (BCM)
The Basin Characterization Model (BCM) models the interactions of climate with empirically measured landscape attributes including topography, soils, and underlying geology. It is a grid-based model that calculates the water balance for each 18-acre cell (270m resolution) in a given watershed in set time steps for the entire area.
Science and Products
Sentinel Site Modeling
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) installed more than 40 climate and biodiversity monitoring stations, called sentinel sites, on public lands across the state. These sites collect detailed data on things like temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and more to track how the environment is changing. Each site is meant to reflect conditions in the surrounding area, but...
Culturally Prescribed Fire
Culturally prescribed burning has been long practiced by the Yurok Tribe for a variety of reasons. This study explores using culturally prescribed fire as a land management tool for increasing the resiliency of streams and watersheds.
Incorporating Impacts of Wildfire and Vegetation Recovery into a Watershed Model of the Feather River Basin
Changes in vegetation in a large watershed due to wildfire can have a substantial influence on actual evapotranspiration rates and water availability. After a large, intense wildfire, evapotranspiration rates are expected to decrease. As vegetation reestablishes, the evapotranspiration rates increase over a period of years, back to pre-fire conditions. Watershed models typically use input layers...
Rendering High-Resolution Hydro-Climatic Data for Southern California
Natural resource managers and researchers often need long-term averages of historical and future climate scenarios for their study area yet may not have the resources to make these summaries. This project will provide high quality, detailed maps of historical and projected future climate and hydrologic conditions for California and a finer scale version for southern California. The...
Monitoring and modeling soil moisture to improve runoff forecasting and drought characterization in the Feather River Basin
Drought, along with recent wildfires, have had enormous impacts downstream on water quantity and quality. These conditions have greatly impacted the agriculture and the residents of the nearby Central Valley.
New Technologies for Mapping Surface Soil Moisture Over Wildfire-Prone Landscapes
A partnership between the USGS, Pepperwood Preserve, and Black Swift LLC aims to map soil and fuel moisture over wildfire-prone landscapes.
Filter Total Items: 15
Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology
This data release includes the revised downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint and others (2021a), in a 30 by 30-meter spatial resolution at a monthly time step from water years 1896 to 2024 for the upper Feather River watershed. This data release includes five child items: 1. 30-year summaries, 2...
Fine Scale Historical Climate and Hydrology for Sentinel Monitoring Locations in California using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) Fine Scale Historical Climate and Hydrology for Sentinel Monitoring Locations in California using the Basin Characterization Model (BCM)
This data release includes downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from 41 Basin Characterization Models (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint and others (2021), with a 10 by 10-meter spatial resolution at monthly intervals from water years 1896 to 2023. Forty-one (41) models were developed for sentinel monitoring locations in Wildlife Areas and Ecological Reserves in...
Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology Upper Feather River Watershed 30-meter Basin Characterization Model - Monthly Historical Climate and Hydrology
Note: This data release has been deprecated. A new version is currently in press. This data release includes downscaled climate inputs and hydrologic outputs from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM) version 8 (v8), described in Flint et al. (2021a), in a 30 by 30-meter spatial resolution at a monthly time step from water years 1896 to 2023 for the upper Feather River watershed. This...
Historical and future simulated streamflow and sediment loads from Clear Lake tributaries in California Historical and future simulated streamflow and sediment loads from Clear Lake tributaries in California
This dataset includes simulated streamflow and sediment discharge for major tributaries contributing to Clear Lake, California. Historical hourly streamflow and sediment for each tributary location were outputs from an Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) model. The historical data is available at an hourly time step from October 1980 to March 2024. The future time series...
Geochemical and isotopic data for soils and sediments from the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California (ver. 2.0, August 2025) Geochemical and isotopic data for soils and sediments from the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California (ver. 2.0, August 2025)
This dataset includes geochemical, isotopic, and particle-size data for soil and sediment samples collected at approximately 500 sites in the Clear Lake drainage basin, Lake County, California, between November 2021 and December 2023. Data are also reported for ten soil samples collected during October 2018 soon after the Ranch Fire in the upper Scotts Creek watershed. Samples of lakebed...
Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) for the Salton Sea Watershed - Monthly Historical (water years 1896-2023) Climate and Hydrology Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) for the Salton Sea Watershed - Monthly Historical (water years 1896-2023) Climate and Hydrology
This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for the Salton Sea Watershed, which crosses the international border into Mexico in the southern part of the basin. Downscaled gridded climate inputs (Daly et al., 2008) for the California portion of the BCM (Flint et al, 2021) include: precipitation (ppt)...
Filter Total Items: 17
Widespread occurrence of Magnéli phases in wildland-urban interface fire ashes Widespread occurrence of Magnéli phases in wildland-urban interface fire ashes
The increasing activity of wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires has raised concerns regarding the potential environmental and human health impacts of residual ash remaining after burning. In this study, we investigated the concentration and speciation of titanium in WUI fire ash. Total titanium concentrations in WUI fire ash ranged from 0.53 to 80 g kg–1. Synchrotron-based macro- and...
Authors
Mohammed Baalousha, Morgane Desmau, Roberto A. Colina-Ruiz, Antonio Lanzirotti, Sheryl A. Singerling, Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Assessing natural recharge in Indian Wells Valley, California: A Basin Characterization Model case study Assessing natural recharge in Indian Wells Valley, California: A Basin Characterization Model case study
The communities in Indian Wells Valley (IWV), in the northern Mojave Desert in California, rely on groundwater for domestic and agricultural use. Mountain front recharge from the surrounding Sierra Nevada is the main source of natural recharge to the valley. Increased urbanization, agricultural development, and groundwater pumping during recent decades put IWV in a state of critical...
Authors
Dina Saleh, Lorraine E. Flint, Michelle A. Stern
Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF)
No abstract available.
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Fine-scale surficial soil moisture mapping using UAS-based L-band remote sensing in a mixed oak-grassland landscape Fine-scale surficial soil moisture mapping using UAS-based L-band remote sensing in a mixed oak-grassland landscape
Soil moisture maps provide quantitative information that, along with climate and energy balance, is critical to integrate with hydrologic processes for characterizing landscape conditions. However, soil moisture maps are difficult to produce for natural landscapes because of vegetation cover and complex topography. Satellite-based L-band microwave sensors are commonly used to develop...
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Ryan Ferrell, Lorraine E. Flint, Melina Kozanitas, David Ackerly, Jack Elston, Maciej Stachura, Eryan Dai, James H. Thorne
Discovery and potential ramifications of reduced iron-bearing nanoparticles — Magnetite, wüstite, and zero-valent iron — In wildland–urban interface fire ashes Discovery and potential ramifications of reduced iron-bearing nanoparticles — Magnetite, wüstite, and zero-valent iron — In wildland–urban interface fire ashes
The increase in fires at the wildland–urban interface has raised concerns about the potential environmental impact of ash remaining after burning. Here, we examined the concentrations and speciation of iron-bearing nanoparticles in wildland–urban interface ash. Total iron concentrations in ash varied between 4 and 66 mg g−1. Synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)...
Authors
Mohammed Baalousha, Morgane Desmau, Sheryl A. Singerling, Jackson P. Webster, Sandrine Matiasek, Michelle A. Stern, Charles N. Alpers
Selecting the optimal fine-scale historical climate data for assessing current and future hydrological conditions Selecting the optimal fine-scale historical climate data for assessing current and future hydrological conditions
High-resolution historical climate grids are readily available and frequently used as inputs for a wide range of regional management and risk assessments, including water supply, ecological processes, and as baseline for climate change impact studies that compare them to future projected conditions. Because historical gridded climates are produced using various methods, their portrayal...
Authors
Michelle A. Stern, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Flint, Ryan M Boynton, Joseph A E Stewart, Jessica W Wright, James H. Thorne
Non-USGS Publications**
Stern, M.A., Flint, L.E., Minear, J.T., Flint, A.L., Wright, S.A., Characterizing Changes in Streamflow and Sediment Supply in the Sacramento River Basin, California, Using Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF). Water. 2016; 8(10):432. doi:10.3390/w8100432
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Soil Moisture Levels in the Upper Feather River Watershed Soil Moisture Levels in the Upper Feather River Watershed
Explore real-time soil moisture data by clicking on each point. Access site-specific USGS NWIS Water Data pages for time-series data on soil temperature, electrical conductance, and moisture. Some sites also include NRCS soil profile descriptions.
Basin Characterization Model (BCM) Basin Characterization Model (BCM)
The Basin Characterization Model (BCM) models the interactions of climate with empirically measured landscape attributes including topography, soils, and underlying geology. It is a grid-based model that calculates the water balance for each 18-acre cell (270m resolution) in a given watershed in set time steps for the entire area.