Robert R. Seal
Robert (Bob) Seal is a Research Geologist with the USGS Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center in Reston, VA.
Science and Products
Critical Mineral Recovery Potential from Tailings and Other Mine Waste Streams
The primary objectives of this one-year scoping project are to determine the feasibility of extracting byproduct mineral commodities, such as critical minerals, from mine tailings. We plan to analyze the existing data and reports from an active mine site on the composition of their mill tailings pile, and collect preliminary reconnaissance samples to identify appropriate analytical techniques that...
Geoenvironmental Model Refinement and Advancement
The overall objective of our project is to take the abundant geoenvironmental model research that the Mineral Resources Program has supported, and use it to refine the geoenvironmental model concept to make it more useable for our current stakeholders.
Emerging Geoenvironmental Issues Related to Proposed Mining in the Lake Superior Region
We are studying environmental issues related to mining, and potential mining, in the Great Lakes region, continuing the study of characterizing baseline geochemistry of several watersheds in Minnesota and Michigan, examining the potential for aquatic toxicity from metals, and examining the acid-neutralizing and acid-generating potentials of mine waste, and the environmental, and possible human...
Life Cycles of Byproduct Critical Minerals
Project objectives are to 1) assess the overall life cycle of selected byproduct critical elements tellurium (Te), indium (In), gallium (Ga), and germanium (Ge), 2) perform an assessment of critical element resources and examine the processes and conditions controlling the concentration of byproduct critical elements by deposit type, and 3) improve understanding of the surficial geochemistry of...
Filter Total Items: 28
Geochemistry and mineralogy of mill tailings from the Ducktown mining district, Tennessee, USA Geochemistry and mineralogy of mill tailings from the Ducktown mining district, Tennessee, USA
These .csv files contain data on the bulk mineralogy and geochemistry of tailings samples from the Ducktown volcanogenic massive sulfide mining district in Tennessee, USA. The reported geochemistry was collected using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), lead fire assay-inductively...
Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and electron probe microanalyses of pyrite and pyrrhotite in tailings and ores from volcanogenic massive sulfide and sedimentary-exhalative deposits Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and electron probe microanalyses of pyrite and pyrrhotite in tailings and ores from volcanogenic massive sulfide and sedimentary-exhalative deposits
Mine waste, including mill tailings, could host substantial critical mineral resources. Developing an understanding of the mineral hosts and occurrence of critical minerals in mine waste is essential to evaluating their resource potential. Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposits are important global sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver...
Tables and figures for the unrecognized role of uranium transport in the Devils Hole, Nevada climate record Tables and figures for the unrecognized role of uranium transport in the Devils Hole, Nevada climate record
For more than a half million years, dense vein calcite has been precipitating in Devils Hole, located about 115 km northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. This process also occurs in Devils Hole Cave 2, which is hydrologically connected and situated about 200 meters north of the original Devils Hole cave. Calcite has been precipitating in this natural laboratory in oxygen isotopic equilibrium at...
X-ray diffraction data and estimates of mineral abundances based on Rietveld refinement for mine wastes collected through the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (ver. 2.0, April 2025) X-ray diffraction data and estimates of mineral abundances based on Rietveld refinement for mine wastes collected through the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (ver. 2.0, April 2025)
Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and estimates of mineral abundances determined using Rietveld refinement included in this data release were generated as part of the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI; https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/earth-mri). Earth MRI is a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and state geological surveys and was developed by the...
Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Nuqra Khana iron deposit: 2020 field season Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Nuqra Khana iron deposit: 2020 field season
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, soil, sediment, and water samples collected from the Nuqra Khana iron deposit, Panjshir Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Balkhab copper deposit: 2020 field season Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Balkhab copper deposit: 2020 field season
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, and water samples collected from the Balkhab copper deposit, Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Filter Total Items: 97
Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources
Supporting the overarching goal to evaluate critical minerals nationwide, the mine waste characterization effort in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Mapping Resources Initiative has created a series of protocols to standardize sampling carried out under this effort by the participating State geological surveys and their cooperators. The protocols are based on published, reviewed...
Authors
Kate M. Campbell, Robert R. Seal, Nadine M. Piatak, Jaime S. Azain, Jean M. Morrison, Sarah Jane White, Andrew H. Manning, Katherine Walton-Day, JoAnn M. Holloway, Bronwen Wang
Critical minerals in mine waste Critical minerals in mine waste
Introduction Critical minerals are commodities with vulnerable supply chains that play a vital role in supporting the United States’ economy, national defense and security, emerging technologies, and energy independence. The prosperity of our Nation depends on generating a resilient supply of domestic critical minerals; mine waste may be an untapped source of these commodities. Mine...
Authors
Nadine M. Piatak, Sarah Jane White, Sarah M. Hayes, Robert R. Seal,
USGS critical minerals review USGS critical minerals review
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Patricia J Loferski, Robert R. Seal, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, V. J. S. Grauch, Federico Solano, Joshua Mark Rosera, David George Pineault
Using stable oxygen isotope dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory Using stable oxygen isotope dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory
Rationale Vein calcite in Devils Hole has been precipitating continuously in oxygen-isotope equilibrium at a constant temperature for over 500 000 years, providing an unmatched δ18O paleoclimate time series. A substantial issue is that coeval calcite (based on matching δ18O values) has uranium-series ages differing by 12 000 years. Methods An unparalleled high-accuracy δ18O chronology...
Authors
Tyler B. Coplen, Robert R. Seal,, Lauren T Reid, James A Jordan, Adam Mumford
Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
A novel non-destructive workflow for examining germanium and co-substituents in ZnS A novel non-destructive workflow for examining germanium and co-substituents in ZnS
A suite of complementary techniques was used to examine germanium (Ge), a byproduct critical element, and co-substituent trace elements in ZnS and mine wastes from four mineral districts where germanium is, or has been, produced within the United States. This contribution establishes a comprehensive workflow for characterizing Ge and other trace elements, which captures the full...
Authors
Sarah M. Hayes, Ryan J. McAleer, Nadine M. Piatak, Sarah Jane White, Robert R. Seal,
Science and Products
Critical Mineral Recovery Potential from Tailings and Other Mine Waste Streams
The primary objectives of this one-year scoping project are to determine the feasibility of extracting byproduct mineral commodities, such as critical minerals, from mine tailings. We plan to analyze the existing data and reports from an active mine site on the composition of their mill tailings pile, and collect preliminary reconnaissance samples to identify appropriate analytical techniques that...
Geoenvironmental Model Refinement and Advancement
The overall objective of our project is to take the abundant geoenvironmental model research that the Mineral Resources Program has supported, and use it to refine the geoenvironmental model concept to make it more useable for our current stakeholders.
Emerging Geoenvironmental Issues Related to Proposed Mining in the Lake Superior Region
We are studying environmental issues related to mining, and potential mining, in the Great Lakes region, continuing the study of characterizing baseline geochemistry of several watersheds in Minnesota and Michigan, examining the potential for aquatic toxicity from metals, and examining the acid-neutralizing and acid-generating potentials of mine waste, and the environmental, and possible human...
Life Cycles of Byproduct Critical Minerals
Project objectives are to 1) assess the overall life cycle of selected byproduct critical elements tellurium (Te), indium (In), gallium (Ga), and germanium (Ge), 2) perform an assessment of critical element resources and examine the processes and conditions controlling the concentration of byproduct critical elements by deposit type, and 3) improve understanding of the surficial geochemistry of...
Filter Total Items: 28
Geochemistry and mineralogy of mill tailings from the Ducktown mining district, Tennessee, USA Geochemistry and mineralogy of mill tailings from the Ducktown mining district, Tennessee, USA
These .csv files contain data on the bulk mineralogy and geochemistry of tailings samples from the Ducktown volcanogenic massive sulfide mining district in Tennessee, USA. The reported geochemistry was collected using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), lead fire assay-inductively...
Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and electron probe microanalyses of pyrite and pyrrhotite in tailings and ores from volcanogenic massive sulfide and sedimentary-exhalative deposits Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and electron probe microanalyses of pyrite and pyrrhotite in tailings and ores from volcanogenic massive sulfide and sedimentary-exhalative deposits
Mine waste, including mill tailings, could host substantial critical mineral resources. Developing an understanding of the mineral hosts and occurrence of critical minerals in mine waste is essential to evaluating their resource potential. Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposits are important global sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver...
Tables and figures for the unrecognized role of uranium transport in the Devils Hole, Nevada climate record Tables and figures for the unrecognized role of uranium transport in the Devils Hole, Nevada climate record
For more than a half million years, dense vein calcite has been precipitating in Devils Hole, located about 115 km northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. This process also occurs in Devils Hole Cave 2, which is hydrologically connected and situated about 200 meters north of the original Devils Hole cave. Calcite has been precipitating in this natural laboratory in oxygen isotopic equilibrium at...
X-ray diffraction data and estimates of mineral abundances based on Rietveld refinement for mine wastes collected through the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (ver. 2.0, April 2025) X-ray diffraction data and estimates of mineral abundances based on Rietveld refinement for mine wastes collected through the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (ver. 2.0, April 2025)
Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and estimates of mineral abundances determined using Rietveld refinement included in this data release were generated as part of the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI; https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/earth-mri). Earth MRI is a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and state geological surveys and was developed by the...
Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Nuqra Khana iron deposit: 2020 field season Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Nuqra Khana iron deposit: 2020 field season
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, soil, sediment, and water samples collected from the Nuqra Khana iron deposit, Panjshir Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Balkhab copper deposit: 2020 field season Pre-mining environmental baseline characterization of the Balkhab copper deposit: 2020 field season
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, and water samples collected from the Balkhab copper deposit, Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Filter Total Items: 97
Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources Earth Mapping Resources Initiative protocols—Sampling hard-rock mine waste and perpetual mine water sources
Supporting the overarching goal to evaluate critical minerals nationwide, the mine waste characterization effort in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Mapping Resources Initiative has created a series of protocols to standardize sampling carried out under this effort by the participating State geological surveys and their cooperators. The protocols are based on published, reviewed...
Authors
Kate M. Campbell, Robert R. Seal, Nadine M. Piatak, Jaime S. Azain, Jean M. Morrison, Sarah Jane White, Andrew H. Manning, Katherine Walton-Day, JoAnn M. Holloway, Bronwen Wang
Critical minerals in mine waste Critical minerals in mine waste
Introduction Critical minerals are commodities with vulnerable supply chains that play a vital role in supporting the United States’ economy, national defense and security, emerging technologies, and energy independence. The prosperity of our Nation depends on generating a resilient supply of domestic critical minerals; mine waste may be an untapped source of these commodities. Mine...
Authors
Nadine M. Piatak, Sarah Jane White, Sarah M. Hayes, Robert R. Seal,
USGS critical minerals review USGS critical minerals review
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Patricia J Loferski, Robert R. Seal, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, V. J. S. Grauch, Federico Solano, Joshua Mark Rosera, David George Pineault
Using stable oxygen isotope dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory Using stable oxygen isotope dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory
Rationale Vein calcite in Devils Hole has been precipitating continuously in oxygen-isotope equilibrium at a constant temperature for over 500 000 years, providing an unmatched δ18O paleoclimate time series. A substantial issue is that coeval calcite (based on matching δ18O values) has uranium-series ages differing by 12 000 years. Methods An unparalleled high-accuracy δ18O chronology...
Authors
Tyler B. Coplen, Robert R. Seal,, Lauren T Reid, James A Jordan, Adam Mumford
Annual review 2023: Critical minerals Annual review 2023: Critical minerals
No abstract available.
Authors
Graham W. Lederer, James V. Jones, Darcy McPhee, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Robert R. Seal,, Kate M. Campbell, Jane M. Hammarstrom, Paul A. Bedrosian, Patricia Grace Macqueen, Garth E. Graham, Federico Solano, George N.D. Case, David George Pineault
A novel non-destructive workflow for examining germanium and co-substituents in ZnS A novel non-destructive workflow for examining germanium and co-substituents in ZnS
A suite of complementary techniques was used to examine germanium (Ge), a byproduct critical element, and co-substituent trace elements in ZnS and mine wastes from four mineral districts where germanium is, or has been, produced within the United States. This contribution establishes a comprehensive workflow for characterizing Ge and other trace elements, which captures the full...
Authors
Sarah M. Hayes, Ryan J. McAleer, Nadine M. Piatak, Sarah Jane White, Robert R. Seal,