Sara Brandt Levin
Sara is a staff scientist in the Upper Midwest Water Science Center with a focus on surface water hydrology and statistics.
I began working at the USGS in 2007 with a background in surface hydrology and statistics. My recent studies have focused on flood frequency estimation and characterization of changes in magnitude and timing of floods in the midwest. Additional interests and past projects have focused on simulation and statistical modeling of surface water reservoirs, streamflow at ungaged sites, and the effects of human water use on water availability and fish populations.
Education and Certifications
Master of Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 2010
Master of Environmental Management, Duke University, 2002
Bachelor of Arts, University of North Carolina, 1997
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 28
Evaluation of uncertainty intervals for daily, statistically derived streamflow estimates at ungaged basins across the continental U.S. Evaluation of uncertainty intervals for daily, statistically derived streamflow estimates at ungaged basins across the continental U.S.
Streamflow estimation methods that transfer information from an index gage to an ungaged site are commonly used; however, uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates are often not adequately quantified. In this study, daily streamflow was simulated at 1,331 validation streamgages across the continental United States using four transfer-based streamflow estimation methods. Empirical 95...
Authors
Sara B. Levin, William Farmer
User guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE—version 2.0) computer program User guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE—version 2.0) computer program
This report is a user guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE) computer program (version 2.0). The MA SYE was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection to provide a planning-level decision-support tool designed to help decision makers estimate daily mean streamflows and selected streamflow...
Authors
Gregory E. Granato, Sara B. Levin
Methods used to estimate daily streamflow and water availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator version 2.0 Methods used to estimate daily streamflow and water availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator version 2.0
The Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator is a decision support tool that provides estimates of daily unaltered streamflow, water-use-adjusted streamflow, and water availability for ungaged, user-defined basins in Massachusetts. Daily streamflow at the ungaged site is estimated for unaltered (no water use) and water-use scenarios. The procedure for estimating streamflow was developed
Authors
Sara Levin, Gregory E. Granato
User guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE—version 1.0) computer program User guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE—version 1.0) computer program
This report is a user guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE) computer program (version 1.0). The CT SSWUE was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to provide a planning-level decision-support tool designed to help decision makers estimate daily mean...
Authors
Gregory E. Granato, Sara B. Levin
The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator—A decision-support tool to estimate water availability at ungaged stream locations in Connecticut The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator—A decision-support tool to estimate water availability at ungaged stream locations in Connecticut
Freshwater streams in Connecticut are subject to many competing demands, including public water supply; agricultural, commercial, and industrial water use; and ecosystem and habitat needs. In recent years, drought has further stressed Connecticut’s water resources. To sustainably allocate and manage water resources among these competing uses, Federal, State, and local water-resource...
Authors
Sara B. Levin, Scott A. Olson, Martha Nielsen, Gregory E. Granato
Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator
Hydrologic characterization at ungauged locations is one of the quintessential challenges of hydrology. Beyond simulation of historical streamflows, it is similarly important to characterize the level of uncertainty in hydrologic estimates. In tandem with updates to Massachusetts Sustainable Yield Estimator, this work explores the application of global uncertainty estimates to daily...
Authors
William H. Farmer, Sara B. Levin
Effects of water-supply reservoirs on streamflow in Massachusetts Effects of water-supply reservoirs on streamflow in Massachusetts
State and local water-resource managers need modeling tools to help them manage and protect water-supply resources for both human consumption and ecological needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, has developed a decision-support tool to estimate the effects of reservoirs on natural streamflow. The Massachusetts...
Authors
Sara Levin
Massachusetts reservoir simulation tool—User’s manual Massachusetts reservoir simulation tool—User’s manual
Introduction The U.S. Geological Survey developed the Massachusetts Reservoir Simulation Tool to examine the effects of reservoirs on natural streamflows in Massachusetts by simulating the daily water balance of reservoirs. The simulation tool was developed to assist environmental managers to better manage water withdrawals in reservoirs and to preserve downstream aquatic habitats.
Authors
Sara Levin
Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management
Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands – the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting...
Authors
Peter Weiskel, David Wolock, Phillip Zarriello, Richard Vogel, Sara Levin, Robert Lent
Estimating irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States Estimating irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States
Accurate accounting of irrigation water use is an important part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Use Information Program and the WaterSMART initiative to help maintain sustainable water resources in the Nation. Irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States is not well characterized because of inadequate reporting and wide variability associated with climate, soils...
Authors
Sara Levin, Phillip Zarriello
Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Rhode Island through 2010 Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Rhode Island through 2010
Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe widespread flooding in Rhode Island that set or nearly set record flows and water levels at many long-term streamgages in the State. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey, in partnership with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a study to update estimates of flood magnitudes at streamgages and...
Authors
Phillip Zarriello, Elizabeth Ahearn, Sara Levin
Factors influencing riverine fish assemblages in Massachusetts Factors influencing riverine fish assemblages in Massachusetts
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game, conducted an investigation of fish assemblages in small- to medium-sized Massachusetts streams. The objective of this study was to determine relations between fish-assemblage
Authors
David Armstrong, Todd Richards, Sara Levin
Non-USGS Publications**
Levin, S. B., Briggs, M. A., Foks, S. S., Goodling, P. J., Raffensperger, J. P., Rosenberry, D. O., Scholl, M. A., Tiedeman, C. R., & Webb, R. M. (2023). Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water-budget components: Current state of the science. WIREs Water, 10(4), e1646. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1646
Farmer, William H. and Sara Levin, 2018. Characterizing Uncertainty in Daily Streamflow Estimates at Ungauged Locations for the Massachusetts Sustainable Yield Estimator. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 54(1): 198‐210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12603
P. K. Weiskel, D. M. Wolock, P. J. Zarriello, R. M. Vogel, S. B. Levin, 2014: Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management, Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences, vol 18.
, and R. M. Lent4
, and R. M. Lent4
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 28
Evaluation of uncertainty intervals for daily, statistically derived streamflow estimates at ungaged basins across the continental U.S. Evaluation of uncertainty intervals for daily, statistically derived streamflow estimates at ungaged basins across the continental U.S.
Streamflow estimation methods that transfer information from an index gage to an ungaged site are commonly used; however, uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates are often not adequately quantified. In this study, daily streamflow was simulated at 1,331 validation streamgages across the continental United States using four transfer-based streamflow estimation methods. Empirical 95...
Authors
Sara B. Levin, William Farmer
User guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE—version 2.0) computer program User guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE—version 2.0) computer program
This report is a user guide for the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator (MA SYE) computer program (version 2.0). The MA SYE was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection to provide a planning-level decision-support tool designed to help decision makers estimate daily mean streamflows and selected streamflow...
Authors
Gregory E. Granato, Sara B. Levin
Methods used to estimate daily streamflow and water availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator version 2.0 Methods used to estimate daily streamflow and water availability in the Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator version 2.0
The Massachusetts Sustainable-Yield Estimator is a decision support tool that provides estimates of daily unaltered streamflow, water-use-adjusted streamflow, and water availability for ungaged, user-defined basins in Massachusetts. Daily streamflow at the ungaged site is estimated for unaltered (no water use) and water-use scenarios. The procedure for estimating streamflow was developed
Authors
Sara Levin, Gregory E. Granato
User guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE—version 1.0) computer program User guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE—version 1.0) computer program
This report is a user guide for the Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator (CT SSWUE) computer program (version 1.0). The CT SSWUE was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to provide a planning-level decision-support tool designed to help decision makers estimate daily mean...
Authors
Gregory E. Granato, Sara B. Levin
The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator—A decision-support tool to estimate water availability at ungaged stream locations in Connecticut The Connecticut Streamflow and Sustainable Water Use Estimator—A decision-support tool to estimate water availability at ungaged stream locations in Connecticut
Freshwater streams in Connecticut are subject to many competing demands, including public water supply; agricultural, commercial, and industrial water use; and ecosystem and habitat needs. In recent years, drought has further stressed Connecticut’s water resources. To sustainably allocate and manage water resources among these competing uses, Federal, State, and local water-resource...
Authors
Sara B. Levin, Scott A. Olson, Martha Nielsen, Gregory E. Granato
Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator Characterizing uncertainty in daily streamflow estimates at ungauged locations for the Massachusetts sustainable yield estimator
Hydrologic characterization at ungauged locations is one of the quintessential challenges of hydrology. Beyond simulation of historical streamflows, it is similarly important to characterize the level of uncertainty in hydrologic estimates. In tandem with updates to Massachusetts Sustainable Yield Estimator, this work explores the application of global uncertainty estimates to daily...
Authors
William H. Farmer, Sara B. Levin
Effects of water-supply reservoirs on streamflow in Massachusetts Effects of water-supply reservoirs on streamflow in Massachusetts
State and local water-resource managers need modeling tools to help them manage and protect water-supply resources for both human consumption and ecological needs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, has developed a decision-support tool to estimate the effects of reservoirs on natural streamflow. The Massachusetts...
Authors
Sara Levin
Massachusetts reservoir simulation tool—User’s manual Massachusetts reservoir simulation tool—User’s manual
Introduction The U.S. Geological Survey developed the Massachusetts Reservoir Simulation Tool to examine the effects of reservoirs on natural streamflows in Massachusetts by simulating the daily water balance of reservoirs. The simulation tool was developed to assist environmental managers to better manage water withdrawals in reservoirs and to preserve downstream aquatic habitats.
Authors
Sara Levin
Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management
Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands – the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting...
Authors
Peter Weiskel, David Wolock, Phillip Zarriello, Richard Vogel, Sara Levin, Robert Lent
Estimating irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States Estimating irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States
Accurate accounting of irrigation water use is an important part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Use Information Program and the WaterSMART initiative to help maintain sustainable water resources in the Nation. Irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States is not well characterized because of inadequate reporting and wide variability associated with climate, soils...
Authors
Sara Levin, Phillip Zarriello
Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Rhode Island through 2010 Magnitude of flood flows for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Rhode Island through 2010
Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe widespread flooding in Rhode Island that set or nearly set record flows and water levels at many long-term streamgages in the State. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey, in partnership with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a study to update estimates of flood magnitudes at streamgages and...
Authors
Phillip Zarriello, Elizabeth Ahearn, Sara Levin
Factors influencing riverine fish assemblages in Massachusetts Factors influencing riverine fish assemblages in Massachusetts
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game, conducted an investigation of fish assemblages in small- to medium-sized Massachusetts streams. The objective of this study was to determine relations between fish-assemblage
Authors
David Armstrong, Todd Richards, Sara Levin
Non-USGS Publications**
Levin, S. B., Briggs, M. A., Foks, S. S., Goodling, P. J., Raffensperger, J. P., Rosenberry, D. O., Scholl, M. A., Tiedeman, C. R., & Webb, R. M. (2023). Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water-budget components: Current state of the science. WIREs Water, 10(4), e1646. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1646
Farmer, William H. and Sara Levin, 2018. Characterizing Uncertainty in Daily Streamflow Estimates at Ungauged Locations for the Massachusetts Sustainable Yield Estimator. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 54(1): 198‐210. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12603
P. K. Weiskel, D. M. Wolock, P. J. Zarriello, R. M. Vogel, S. B. Levin, 2014: Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management, Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences, vol 18.
, and R. M. Lent4
, and R. M. Lent4
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.