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Thierry M Work

Dr. Thierry M Work is currently the project leader for the National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station where he leads a team that provides support to safeguard wildlife and ecosystem health through research and technical assistance to federal, state, and international partners.

Professional Experience

  • 1992-Present: Project leader, USGS National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station

  • 1987-1992: Wildlife veterinarian, California Department of Fish & Game

Education and Certifications

  • 1989 Masters in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis

  • 1988 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis

  • 1985 Master Science, Entomology, UC Davis

  • 1983 Bachelor Science, Entomology, Texas A&M

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Wildlife Disease Association

  • Sigma Xi

Science and Products

Image: Colony of Boulder Brain Coral (Colpophyllia natans)

Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a rapidly progressive disease threat to corals that results in a bleached appearance due to loss of living tissue.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a rapidly progressive disease threat to corals that results in a bleached appearance due to loss of living tissue.
Learn More
A view of healthy elkhorn corals on the seafloor in the U.S. Virgin Islands

Interagency coordination on coral health

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) supports coral health through participation in two interagency coordination bodies, the Florida Disturbance Advisory Committee, which is focused on joint management of the Florida Coral Reef Tract, and the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, which is focused on joint management of reef resources within U.S. Territories in both the Caribbean and Pacific.
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Interagency coordination on coral health

Interagency coordination on coral health

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) supports coral health through participation in two interagency coordination bodies, the Florida Disturbance Advisory Committee, which is focused on joint management of the Florida Coral Reef Tract, and the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, which is focused on joint management of reef resources within U.S. Territories in both the Caribbean and Pacific.
Learn More
Boulder brain coral with signs of stony coral tissue loss disease

Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

A USGS multi-disciplinary team will use laboratory and modeling approaches to investigate the cause of stony coral tissue loss disease.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

A USGS multi-disciplinary team will use laboratory and modeling approaches to investigate the cause of stony coral tissue loss disease.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 20

Pathological drivers of coral diseases across the Arabian Peninsula, 2015 to 2018 Pathological drivers of coral diseases across the Arabian Peninsula, 2015 to 2018

Increasing trends of coral mortality is a challenge to coral reef management worldwide, and a need exists to identify the causes and pathways involved. Pathology is useful to help decipher potential causes of mortality in animals, because it illuminates agents associated with lesions and gives insights on the nature of how a host responds to said agents. To better understand the nature...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Gram staining of cell-associated microbial aggregates in coral of the Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2021 Gram staining of cell-associated microbial aggregates in coral of the Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2021

We used histology with Gram staining to evaluate the characteristics and distribution of Cell-Associated Microbial Aggregates (CAMAs) in six species of scleractinian corals from Hawaii and Palmyra Atoll. We observed the coexistence of bacteria with differing morphologies and Gram staining characteristics of CAMAs both within and among coral species.
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Pathological findings by fixative time and formulation for Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata Pathological findings by fixative time and formulation for Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata

Collections for histopathology in corals require holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histopathology processing. This could adversely affect interpretation of morphologic changes during histopathology examinations. We evaluated microscopic morphology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata, held (0-120 min) in seawater prior to fixation in Z-Fix...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands data release Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands data release

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in Florida in 2014 and has since spread through the Caribbean causing unprecedented mortality in over 20 species of corals. The cause of SCTLD is unknown, but bacteria are suspected based on regression of gross lesions in some corals treated with antibiotics. Limited pathology studies on SCTLD exist, but it is likely that...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Enumeration of cell types in Aiptasia for purposes of characterizing cytology Enumeration of cell types in Aiptasia for purposes of characterizing cytology

A need exists for additional methods to examine cnidaria at the cellular level to aid our understanding of health, anatomy, and physiology of this important group of organisms. This need is particularly acute given that disease is emerging as a major factor in declines of ecologically important functional groups such as corals. Here we describe a simple method to process cnidarian cells...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i

As grazers, sea urchins are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems, and their loss can have important ecological ramifications. Die-offs of urchins are frequently described but their causesare often unclear, in part because systematic examinations of animal tissues at gross and microscopic level are not done. In some areas, urchins are being employed to control invasive marine...
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Filter Total Items: 171

Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata

Collection of coral for histologic examination requires holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histologic processing. This could adversely affect the interpretation of morphologic changes during histologic examinations. We evaluated the microscopic morphology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata held (0–120 minutes) in seawater prior to fixation in Z...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Chutimon Singakharn, Amy Webb, Norton Chan, Michelle Dennis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands after emergence of stony coral tissue loss disease Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands after emergence of stony coral tissue loss disease

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in Florida in 2014 and has since spread through the Caribbean causing unprecedented mortality in more than 20 species of corals. The cause of SCTLD is unknown, but bacteria are suspected based on regression of gross lesions in some corals treated with antibiotics. Limited pathology studies on SCTLD exist, but it is likely that...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Jeff Miller, Thomas Kelley, Aine C. Hawthorn, Tina Weatherby, Caroline Rogers
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Pathology of tissue loss in three key gorgonian species in the Mediterranean Sea Pathology of tissue loss in three key gorgonian species in the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean is known for its marine biodiversity, especially gorgonian forests. Unfortunately, these are experiencing rapid declines due to climate change, manifested by repeated marine heat waves resulting in mass mortality events since the early 1990 s. To better understand why gorgonians are declining, more systematic approaches to investigate the exact causes are needed, and...
Authors
Jacopo Gobbato, Thierry M. Work, Martina P. Facchinelli, Federica M. Siena, Enrico Montalbetti, Davide Seveso, Yohan D. Luisa, Paolo Galli, Simone Montano
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Cytology in cnidaria using Exaiptasia as a model Cytology in cnidaria using Exaiptasia as a model

A need exists for additional methods to examine cnidaria at the cellular level to aid our understanding of health, anatomy, and physiology of this important group of organisms. This need is particularly acute given that disease is emerging as a major factor in declines of ecologically important functional groups such as corals. Here we describe a simple method to process cnidarian cells...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Chutimon Singarkhan, Tina Weatherby
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) case definition for wildlife Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) case definition for wildlife

Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents. The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if...
Authors
Aine C. Hawthorn, Michelle Dennis, Yasu Kiryu, Jan Landsberg, Ester Peters, Thierry M. Work
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Coral reef ecosystem health Coral reef ecosystem health

No abstract available.
Authors
Thierry M. Work
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Beale, A.M., Higgins, R.J., Work, T.M., Bailey, C.S., Smith, M.O., Shinka, T., and Hammock, B.D. (1989). MPTP-induced parkinson-like disease in sheep: Clinical and pathologic findings. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 9, 417-428.
Hammock, B.D., Beale, A.M., Work, T.M., Gee, S.J., Gunther, R., Higgins, R.J., Shinka, T., and Castagnoli, N. (1989). A sheep model for MPTP induced parkinson-like symptoms. Life Sciences 45, 1601-1608.
Jessup, D.A., Work, T.M., Bushnell, R., Sawyer, M.M., and Osburn, B.I. (1990). An outbreak of bluetongue in captive deer and adjacent livestock in Kern county, California. California Fish and Game 76, 83-90.
Work, T.M., and Jessup, D.A. (1990). Epidemiology and pathology of hemorrhagic disease in free-ranging black-tailed deer in California: 1986-1987. Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 26, 72-76.
Work, T.M., Sawyer, M.M., Jessup, D.A., Washino, R.K., and Osburn, B.I. (1990). Effects of anaesthetization and storage temperature on bluetongue virus recovery from Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and sheep blood. Journal of medical entomology 27, 331-333.
Work, T.M., Washino, R.K., and Van RIper, I.I.I., C (1990). Comparative susceptibility of Culex tarsalis, Anopheles franciscanus and Culiseta inornata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Plasmodium relictum (Haemosporidia: Plasmodiiae). Journal of medical entomology 27, 68-71.
Work, T.M., Mullens, B.A., and Jessup, D.A. (1991). Estimation of survival and gonotrophic cycle length of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) in California. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 7, 242-249.
Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., Wright, J.L.C., Beale, A.M., and Work, T.M. (1992). An outbreak of domoic acid poisoning attributed to the pennate diatom Pseudonitzschia australis. J Phycol 28, 439-442.
Work, T.M., Jessup, D.A., and Sawyer, M.M. (1992). Experimental bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infeciton in black-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 28, 623-628.
Work, T.M., Barr, B., Beale, A., Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., and Wright, J.L.C. (1993). Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California. J Zoo Wildl Med 24, 54-62.
Work, T.M., Beale, A.M., Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., Silver, M., Buck, K., and Wright, J. (1993). Domoic acid intoxication of brown pelicans and cormorants in Santa Cruz, California. In Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea, T. Smayda, ed. (Copenhagen: Elsiever), pp. 643-649.
Work, T.M., DeLong, R.L., Spraker, T.R., and Melin, S.R. (1993). Halothane anesthesia as a method of immobilizing free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). J Zoo Wildl Med 24, 482-487.
Chomel, B.B., Carniciu, M.L., Kasten, R.W., Castelli, P.M., Work, T.M., and Jessup, D.A. (1994). Antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in California mule and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemioneus). J Wildl Dis 30, 51-59.
Patton, J.F., Work, T.M., Jessup, D.A., Hietala, S.K., Oliver, M.N., and MacLachlan, N.J. (1994). Serologic detection of bluetongue virus infection of black-tailed deer:comparison of the serum neutralization, agar gel immunodiffusion, and competitive ELISA assays. J Wildl Dis 30, 99-102.
Paul-Murphy, J., Work, T., Hunter, D.B., McFie, E., and Fjelline, D. (1994). Serologic survey and serum biochemical reference ranges of the free-ranging mountain lion (Felis concolor) in California. J Wildl Dis 30, 205-215.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

An introduction to lesions and histology of stony corals

An introduction to lesions and histology of stony corals

USGS National Wildlife Health Center pathologists and partners have authored a new reference guide on the lesions and histology of scleractinian...

Read Article

Science and Products

Image: Colony of Boulder Brain Coral (Colpophyllia natans)

Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a rapidly progressive disease threat to corals that results in a bleached appearance due to loss of living tissue.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Research in Response to Florida’s Emerging Stony Coral (scleractinia) Diseases

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a rapidly progressive disease threat to corals that results in a bleached appearance due to loss of living tissue.
Learn More
A view of healthy elkhorn corals on the seafloor in the U.S. Virgin Islands

Interagency coordination on coral health

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) supports coral health through participation in two interagency coordination bodies, the Florida Disturbance Advisory Committee, which is focused on joint management of the Florida Coral Reef Tract, and the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, which is focused on joint management of reef resources within U.S. Territories in both the Caribbean and Pacific.
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Interagency coordination on coral health

Interagency coordination on coral health

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) supports coral health through participation in two interagency coordination bodies, the Florida Disturbance Advisory Committee, which is focused on joint management of the Florida Coral Reef Tract, and the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, which is focused on joint management of reef resources within U.S. Territories in both the Caribbean and Pacific.
Learn More
Boulder brain coral with signs of stony coral tissue loss disease

Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

A USGS multi-disciplinary team will use laboratory and modeling approaches to investigate the cause of stony coral tissue loss disease.
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

Integrating Science and Management to Assist with the Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

A USGS multi-disciplinary team will use laboratory and modeling approaches to investigate the cause of stony coral tissue loss disease.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 20

Pathological drivers of coral diseases across the Arabian Peninsula, 2015 to 2018 Pathological drivers of coral diseases across the Arabian Peninsula, 2015 to 2018

Increasing trends of coral mortality is a challenge to coral reef management worldwide, and a need exists to identify the causes and pathways involved. Pathology is useful to help decipher potential causes of mortality in animals, because it illuminates agents associated with lesions and gives insights on the nature of how a host responds to said agents. To better understand the nature...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Gram staining of cell-associated microbial aggregates in coral of the Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2021 Gram staining of cell-associated microbial aggregates in coral of the Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2021

We used histology with Gram staining to evaluate the characteristics and distribution of Cell-Associated Microbial Aggregates (CAMAs) in six species of scleractinian corals from Hawaii and Palmyra Atoll. We observed the coexistence of bacteria with differing morphologies and Gram staining characteristics of CAMAs both within and among coral species.
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Pathological findings by fixative time and formulation for Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata Pathological findings by fixative time and formulation for Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata

Collections for histopathology in corals require holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histopathology processing. This could adversely affect interpretation of morphologic changes during histopathology examinations. We evaluated microscopic morphology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata, held (0-120 min) in seawater prior to fixation in Z-Fix...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands data release Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands data release

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in Florida in 2014 and has since spread through the Caribbean causing unprecedented mortality in over 20 species of corals. The cause of SCTLD is unknown, but bacteria are suspected based on regression of gross lesions in some corals treated with antibiotics. Limited pathology studies on SCTLD exist, but it is likely that...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Enumeration of cell types in Aiptasia for purposes of characterizing cytology Enumeration of cell types in Aiptasia for purposes of characterizing cytology

A need exists for additional methods to examine cnidaria at the cellular level to aid our understanding of health, anatomy, and physiology of this important group of organisms. This need is particularly acute given that disease is emerging as a major factor in declines of ecologically important functional groups such as corals. Here we describe a simple method to process cnidarian cells...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i Mass mortality of collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) in Hawai`i

As grazers, sea urchins are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems, and their loss can have important ecological ramifications. Die-offs of urchins are frequently described but their causesare often unclear, in part because systematic examinations of animal tissues at gross and microscopic level are not done. In some areas, urchins are being employed to control invasive marine...
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Filter Total Items: 171

Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata

Collection of coral for histologic examination requires holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histologic processing. This could adversely affect the interpretation of morphologic changes during histologic examinations. We evaluated the microscopic morphology of Porites evermanni and Montipora capitata held (0–120 minutes) in seawater prior to fixation in Z...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Chutimon Singakharn, Amy Webb, Norton Chan, Michelle Dennis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands after emergence of stony coral tissue loss disease Pathology of lesions in corals from the US Virgin Islands after emergence of stony coral tissue loss disease

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first documented in Florida in 2014 and has since spread through the Caribbean causing unprecedented mortality in more than 20 species of corals. The cause of SCTLD is unknown, but bacteria are suspected based on regression of gross lesions in some corals treated with antibiotics. Limited pathology studies on SCTLD exist, but it is likely that...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Jeff Miller, Thomas Kelley, Aine C. Hawthorn, Tina Weatherby, Caroline Rogers
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center

Pathology of tissue loss in three key gorgonian species in the Mediterranean Sea Pathology of tissue loss in three key gorgonian species in the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean is known for its marine biodiversity, especially gorgonian forests. Unfortunately, these are experiencing rapid declines due to climate change, manifested by repeated marine heat waves resulting in mass mortality events since the early 1990 s. To better understand why gorgonians are declining, more systematic approaches to investigate the exact causes are needed, and...
Authors
Jacopo Gobbato, Thierry M. Work, Martina P. Facchinelli, Federica M. Siena, Enrico Montalbetti, Davide Seveso, Yohan D. Luisa, Paolo Galli, Simone Montano
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Cytology in cnidaria using Exaiptasia as a model Cytology in cnidaria using Exaiptasia as a model

A need exists for additional methods to examine cnidaria at the cellular level to aid our understanding of health, anatomy, and physiology of this important group of organisms. This need is particularly acute given that disease is emerging as a major factor in declines of ecologically important functional groups such as corals. Here we describe a simple method to process cnidarian cells...
Authors
Thierry M. Work, Chutimon Singarkhan, Tina Weatherby
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) case definition for wildlife Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) case definition for wildlife

Diagnostic laboratories receive carcasses and samples for diagnostic evaluation and pathogen/toxin detection. Case definitions bring clarity and consistency to the evaluation process. Their use within and between organizations allows more uniform reporting of diseases and etiologic agents. The intent of a case definition is to provide scientifically based criteria for determining (a) if...
Authors
Aine C. Hawthorn, Michelle Dennis, Yasu Kiryu, Jan Landsberg, Ester Peters, Thierry M. Work
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Coral reef ecosystem health Coral reef ecosystem health

No abstract available.
Authors
Thierry M. Work
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Beale, A.M., Higgins, R.J., Work, T.M., Bailey, C.S., Smith, M.O., Shinka, T., and Hammock, B.D. (1989). MPTP-induced parkinson-like disease in sheep: Clinical and pathologic findings. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 9, 417-428.
Hammock, B.D., Beale, A.M., Work, T.M., Gee, S.J., Gunther, R., Higgins, R.J., Shinka, T., and Castagnoli, N. (1989). A sheep model for MPTP induced parkinson-like symptoms. Life Sciences 45, 1601-1608.
Jessup, D.A., Work, T.M., Bushnell, R., Sawyer, M.M., and Osburn, B.I. (1990). An outbreak of bluetongue in captive deer and adjacent livestock in Kern county, California. California Fish and Game 76, 83-90.
Work, T.M., and Jessup, D.A. (1990). Epidemiology and pathology of hemorrhagic disease in free-ranging black-tailed deer in California: 1986-1987. Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 26, 72-76.
Work, T.M., Sawyer, M.M., Jessup, D.A., Washino, R.K., and Osburn, B.I. (1990). Effects of anaesthetization and storage temperature on bluetongue virus recovery from Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and sheep blood. Journal of medical entomology 27, 331-333.
Work, T.M., Washino, R.K., and Van RIper, I.I.I., C (1990). Comparative susceptibility of Culex tarsalis, Anopheles franciscanus and Culiseta inornata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Plasmodium relictum (Haemosporidia: Plasmodiiae). Journal of medical entomology 27, 68-71.
Work, T.M., Mullens, B.A., and Jessup, D.A. (1991). Estimation of survival and gonotrophic cycle length of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) in California. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 7, 242-249.
Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., Wright, J.L.C., Beale, A.M., and Work, T.M. (1992). An outbreak of domoic acid poisoning attributed to the pennate diatom Pseudonitzschia australis. J Phycol 28, 439-442.
Work, T.M., Jessup, D.A., and Sawyer, M.M. (1992). Experimental bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infeciton in black-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 28, 623-628.
Work, T.M., Barr, B., Beale, A., Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., and Wright, J.L.C. (1993). Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California. J Zoo Wildl Med 24, 54-62.
Work, T.M., Beale, A.M., Fritz, L., Quilliam, M.A., Silver, M., Buck, K., and Wright, J. (1993). Domoic acid intoxication of brown pelicans and cormorants in Santa Cruz, California. In Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea, T. Smayda, ed. (Copenhagen: Elsiever), pp. 643-649.
Work, T.M., DeLong, R.L., Spraker, T.R., and Melin, S.R. (1993). Halothane anesthesia as a method of immobilizing free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). J Zoo Wildl Med 24, 482-487.
Chomel, B.B., Carniciu, M.L., Kasten, R.W., Castelli, P.M., Work, T.M., and Jessup, D.A. (1994). Antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in California mule and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemioneus). J Wildl Dis 30, 51-59.
Patton, J.F., Work, T.M., Jessup, D.A., Hietala, S.K., Oliver, M.N., and MacLachlan, N.J. (1994). Serologic detection of bluetongue virus infection of black-tailed deer:comparison of the serum neutralization, agar gel immunodiffusion, and competitive ELISA assays. J Wildl Dis 30, 99-102.
Paul-Murphy, J., Work, T., Hunter, D.B., McFie, E., and Fjelline, D. (1994). Serologic survey and serum biochemical reference ranges of the free-ranging mountain lion (Felis concolor) in California. J Wildl Dis 30, 205-215.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

An introduction to lesions and histology of stony corals

An introduction to lesions and histology of stony corals

USGS National Wildlife Health Center pathologists and partners have authored a new reference guide on the lesions and histology of scleractinian...

Read Article

*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government

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