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Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho

Die-offs of waterfowl have occurred in the Coeur d'Alene River system in northern Idaho since at least the early 1900's. We investigated causes of mortality and lead and cadmium contamination of 46 tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) from 1987 to 1989; an additional 22 swans found dead in 1990 were not examined. We necropsied 43 of the 46 birds found from 1987 to 1989; 38 of these were...
Authors
Lawrence J. Blus, Charles J. Henny, David J. Hoffman, Robert A. Grove

Lead accumulation and osprey production near a mining site on the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho Lead accumulation and osprey production near a mining site on the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho

Mining and smelting at Kellogg-Smelterville, Idaho, resulted in high concentrations of lead in Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River sediments 15–65 km downstream, where ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nested. Adult and nestling ospreys living along the CDA River had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than those at Lake Coeur d'Alene (intermediate area) or Pend Oreille and Flathead Lakes...
Authors
Charles J. Henny, Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman, Robert A. Grove, Jeffrey S. Hatfield

Flight performance energetics and water turnovers of Tippler Pigeons with a harness and doorsal load Flight performance energetics and water turnovers of Tippler Pigeons with a harness and doorsal load

We measured carbon dioxide production and water efflux of 12 tippler pigeons (Columba spp.) during seven experimental flights using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Prior to the experiment birds were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group flew as controls (no load or harness) on all seven flights. The other group wore a harness on two flights, a dorsal load/harness...
Authors
James A. Gessaman, Gar W. Workman, Mark R. Fuller

Roosevelt elk density in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park Roosevelt elk density in old-growth forests of Olympic National Park

We explored the feasibility of censusing Roosevelt elk from a helicopter in the dense old growth forests of Olympic National Park. WA. Mean observed densities ranged from 8.0-11.6 elk/km2, with coefficients of variation averaging 19.9 percent. A provisional sightability factor of 74 percent suggested that actual mean densities ranged from 10.8-16.0 elk/km2. We conclude that estimates of...
Authors
D.B. Houston, Bruce B. Moorhead, R.W. Olson

Elk and deer diets in old-growth forests in western Washington Elk and deer diets in old-growth forests in western Washington

Dietary quality and overlap of sympatric Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) were investigated in old-growth forests of the Hoh Valley, Olympic National Park, Washington. Diets of both cervids were comprised mainly of common old-growth flora, particularly in winter. High dietary overlap suggested competitive...
Authors
David M. Leslie, Edward E. Starkey, Martin Vavra

Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm Mapping of hydrothermal alteration in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada, using aircraft scanner images for the spectral region 0.46 to 2.36µm

Color composites of Landsat Multispectral Scanner ratio images that display variations in the intensity of ferric-iron absorption bands are highly effective for mapping limonitic altered rocks but are ineffective for mapping nonlimonitic altered rocks. Analysis of 0.45- to 2.5-µm field and laboratory spectra shows that iron-deficient opalized rocks in the Cuprite mining district, Nevada...
Authors
M. J. Adams, Roger P. Ashley, L. C. Rowan, Alexander F.H. Goetz, A.B. Kahle
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