Statistics and information on the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of the mineral commodities zirconium and hafnium
The principal economic source of zirconium is the zirconium silicate mineral, zircon (ZrSiO4). Zircon is the primary source of all hafnium. Zirconium and hafnium are contained in zircon at a ratio of about 50 to 1. Zircon is a coproduct or byproduct of the mining and processing of heavy-mineral sands for the titanium minerals, ilmenite and rutile, or tin minerals. The major end uses of zircon are refractories, foundry sands (including investment casting), and ceramic opacification. Zircon is also marketed as a natural gemstone, and its oxide is processed to produce the diamond simulant, cubic zirconia. Zirconium is used in nuclear fuel cladding, chemical piping in corrosive environments, heat exchangers, and various specialty alloys. The major end uses of hafnium are in nuclear control rods, nickel-based superalloys, nozzles for plasma arc metal cutting, and high-temperature ceramics.
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Annual Publications
- Zirconium and Hafnium
PDF Format:
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |2013 |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | - Appendixes
- Zirconium and Hafnium
PDF Format: | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
XLS Format:
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 tables-only release | 2020 tables-only release | - Archive
| 1932-1993 | - Recycling-Metals
Special Publications
- Critical Mineral Resources of the United States--Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply
Professional Paper 1802 - Critical Minerals Review 2021
- Deposit Model for Heavy-Mineral Sands in Coastal Environments
Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-L - Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) - Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium
- Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States
Data Series 140 - Metal Prices in the United States through 2010
Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5188