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Pennsylvania Groundwater Watch

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May 15, 2026

Supporting documentation for predicting groundwater hydrochemical facies in three dimensions across the conterminous United States with random forest classification Supporting documentation for predicting groundwater hydrochemical facies in three dimensions across the conterminous United States with random forest classification

This data release provides workflow documentation and spatial predictions of groundwater hydrochemical facies (HCFs) across the conterminous United States at multiple depths. Predictions were generated using a Random Forest Classification model trained on a comprehensive groundwater chemistry dataset (>150,000 sites). Samples were classified based on major ion composition into one of six...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

April 21, 2026

Riverine Surface Water Pesticide Concentrations, Detection Frequencies, Benchmark Exceedances, and Trends for the Conterminous United States, 2013-2022 Riverine Surface Water Pesticide Concentrations, Detection Frequencies, Benchmark Exceedances, and Trends for the Conterminous United States, 2013-2022

The data tables in this product include concentrations, detection frequencies, benchmark exceedances, and trends of pesticides in riverine surface water samples. The data are a product of a national-scale assessment of the status and trends of 84 pesticides at 81 sites during water years 2013 - 2022 conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Program. Data were...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 28, 2026

Regression models developed to estimate Escherichia coli concentrations using 2019-24 data at four stream sites in Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania (ver. 1.1, May 2026) Regression models developed to estimate Escherichia coli concentrations using 2019-24 data at four stream sites in Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania (ver. 1.1, May 2026)

Regressions were developed to predict Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at four U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages on streams in Chester and Delaware Counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. The regression analysis was based on 2019-24 discrete E. coli concentrations measured in samples collected approximately monthly by USGS from April to October and concurrent available...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

September 10, 2025

Data for salinity regressions and total dissolved solids calculations in groundwater in the United States (ver. 1.1, January 2026) Data for salinity regressions and total dissolved solids calculations in groundwater in the United States (ver. 1.1, January 2026)

Groundwater salinity impacts water quality and limits usability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes where salinity is high. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved salts in a given volume of solution and is closely related to the concentration of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as well as the ability of water to conduct electricity, or specific conductance (SC)...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

July 3, 2025

Estimates of Deicing Salt Application across States Encompassing the Delaware River Basin, United States, 2001-2023 Estimates of Deicing Salt Application across States Encompassing the Delaware River Basin, United States, 2001-2023

This data release contains three different estimates of road deicing salt applications, which utilize different sources of deicing salt data, and climate, land cover, and imperviousness data to provide spatially distributed estimates of deicing salt application for states covering the Delaware River Basin from water and calendar years 2001 through 2023 at a 30-meter spatial resolution...

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

July 1, 2025

River Depth, Water Velocity, and Direction at Three Locations Collected in 2021 and 2022 on the Allegheny River Downstream of the Kinzua Dam, Pennsylvania River Depth, Water Velocity, and Direction at Three Locations Collected in 2021 and 2022 on the Allegheny River Downstream of the Kinzua Dam, Pennsylvania

This dataset contains river depth, water velocity, and direction data at three focal areas of research included in the Sustainable Rivers Program (SRP) in the Allegheny River on three dates in 2021 and 2022, at two different river conditions (10,500/10,800 cubic feet per second (cfs) and 6,600 cfs as recorded at USGS gage Allegheny River at West Hickory - 03016000). Data was collected...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

June 27, 2025

Discharge measurements, air temperature, water temperature, and gage height data for select stream monitoring locations across Pennsylvania and Maryland piedmont mixed agriculture 2023 Discharge measurements, air temperature, water temperature, and gage height data for select stream monitoring locations across Pennsylvania and Maryland piedmont mixed agriculture 2023

As part of a larger study examining stream conditions and the effect of best management practices in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, thirty small streams across the Pennsylvania and Maryland piedmont physiographic province were instrumented and monitored for gage height (water level), water temperature, and air temperature using Onset HOBO sensors from March to September 2023. In addition...

Chesapeake Bay Activities, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

May 28, 2025

Groundwater Levels, Precipitation, and Soil Moisture Data from DE 723 Delaware County Observation Well, Delaware County, Pennsylvania (2022-2024) Groundwater Levels, Precipitation, and Soil Moisture Data from DE 723 Delaware County Observation Well, Delaware County, Pennsylvania (2022-2024)

As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) efforts in the Delaware River Basin (DRB), a soil moisture sensing testbed was established at USGS Delaware County Observation Well - DE 723 located in a managed meadow setting in Glen Mills, PA. Traditional in situ soil moisture sensors, a remote sensing cosmic ray neutron sensor (CRNS), and...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

March 21, 2025

Distance to the nearest stream by stream order for selected watersheds in the United States Distance to the nearest stream by stream order for selected watersheds in the United States

Accurate representation of stream networks at various scales in a hydrogeologic system is integral to modeling groundwater-stream interactions at the continental scale. To assess the accurate representation of stream networks, the distance of a point on the land surface to the nearest stream (DS) has been calculated. DS was calculated from the 30-meter Multi Order Hydrologic Postion...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

March 21, 2025

Water-quality data for selected small tributaries to the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River, Pennsylvania and New York, 2012-2015 Water-quality data for selected small tributaries to the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River, Pennsylvania and New York, 2012-2015

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected stream samples at 19 sites in tributaries to the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River during 2012-15 in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS) through the USGS-NPS Water-Quality Partnership to provide data on existing water-quality in small watersheds not previously characterized and where there was potential for...

National Water Quality Program, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

December 9, 2024

Assessment of Hydrologic Trends in Pennsylvania Assessment of Hydrologic Trends in Pennsylvania

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PA DCNR), Bureau of Geological Survey, provides time series trends results using the Mann Kendall family of analyses on select sites across Pennsylvania for baseflow, runoff, groundwater levels, and streamflow percentiles. Trend results for baseflow and runoff at 197...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center

November 21, 2024

Statistical predictions of groundwater levels and related spatial diagnostics for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer from the mmlMRVAgen1 statistical machine-learning software Statistical predictions of groundwater levels and related spatial diagnostics for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer from the mmlMRVAgen1 statistical machine-learning software

A multiple machine-learning model (Asquith and Killian, 2024) implementing Cubist and Random Forest regressions was used to predict monthly mean groundwater levels through time for the available years described in the metadata for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA). The MRVA is the surficial aquifer of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP), located in the south-central...

Pennsylvania Water Science Center