Publications

The Cretaceous aquifer in southwest Minnesota consists of discontinuous, basal sandstone beds in the Dakota Formation and the overlying Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale of the Colorado Group. These sandstone beds are not laterally or vertically persistent throughout the area and generally are separated shale beds in the Dakota Formation and in the overlying Colorado Group of...

A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on...

The Minnesota State Legislature passed laws as early as 1937 to regulate use of Minnesota's ground water and surface water through a permit system. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to computerize water-use data reported to the State. The U.S. Geological Survey, through the National Water-Use Information Program, assisted the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the...

Water levels, locations, depths, and aquifers tapped are given for 113 observation wells. Tabulated data include extremes of water levels for calendar year 1985 and for the period of record, pumpage of most major ground-water users in the State, and water-quality data from selected wells. The largest reported user of ground-water, the city of Lansing, pumped 7.9 billion gallons from the...

A short computer program, written in BASIC for the Apple IIe or IBM PC computer, efficiently performs all the calculations required to determine gas pressure and percent saturation values for water. Input for the program is limited to empirical determinations of barometric pressure, water temperature, differential dissolved gas pressures, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. An optional...

Numerous surveys have shown that fish species richness (number of species) is positively correlated with lake pH. However, species richness of fish communities is also correlated with lake size, and low-pH lakes are often small. Thus, conclusions drawn from examination of fish community structure relative to spatial (among- lake) variation in pH have been limited by uncertainties...

Abstract not submitted to date

Renal function was evaluated in adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) dosed i.a. with rotenone at 225 and 275 μg/kg. The chemical composition of urine samples and urine flow rates collected over a 5-h pretreatment period were compared with hourly urine samples collected over a 5-h posttreatment period. Significant increases in osmolality and in concentrations of sodium, potassium...

The surface-water resources of the United States, the focal point for this National Water Summary, are extensively developed and managed to provide water supplies, hydroelectric power, navigation, recreational opportunities, and sufficient instream flows to maintain fish and wildlife habitats and adequate water quality. Surface water represents 77 percent of the Nation's total freshwater

Suspended-sediment samplers must sample isokinetically (at stream velocity) in order to collect representative water samples of rivers. Each sampler solo by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project or by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility has been adjusted to sample isokinetically and tested in a flume to verify the calibration. The test program for a...

Sand-plain aquifers in parts of Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties in east-central Minnesota constitute a major aquifer system. They consist predominantly of fine to medium outwash sand with a combined areal extent of nearly 500 square miles. Saturated thickness in localized areas is as much as 90 feet. Depth to water generally is less than 20 feet. Transmissivities range from about 100...

Annual streamflows from the 21 water-resource regions in the United States and Puerto Rico were calculated for the period 1951-83. The total streamflow discharging to the oceans from the conterminous United States during this period averaged 1,270 billion gallons per day. The outflow from the Lower Mississippi Water-Resource Region (08), which drains 41 percent of the land area of the...