Publications

This report presents the results of biologic investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources during a study of hydrology and water quality in a small drainage basin in the "Driftless Area" of southwest Wisconsin. The investigation included aquatic macrophytes, periphytic and planktonic algae, benthic invertebrates, and trout population...

The primary effects of a floodwater-retarding structure (FRS) on the streamflow of Trout Creek, Wisconsin, are attenuation of flood peaks and extension of the time base of flood hydrographs. Reduction of flood peaks ranged from 58 to 91 percent during the study period from 1975 to 1979. There is an inverse relation between sediment concentration and outflow from the FRS during floods. As...

Ground-water resources of Marquette County are about evenly divided between bedrock aquifers and aquifers in glacial deposits. In the northern and the extreme southern parts of the county, most wells are completed in bedrock at depths less than 100 feet. In the central part, most wells are completed in glacial deposits; some of these wells are as deep as 200 feet. Yields, in some places...

This inventory of reports and data concerning the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in the Twin Cities metropolitan area was compiled from November 1981 through January 1982 for a planned river-quality assessment to be conducted cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission. There are 260 annotated citations: 176 citations of reports; 8...

Tapping the surficial sand-plain aquifers in west-central Minnesota has raised the possibility for degradation of water quality. The sand-plain areas are generally overlain by sandy soils that permit rapid infiltration of precipitation and, possibly, of surface contaminants. One hundred twenty-five wells were sampled in Hubbard, Morrison, Otter Tail, and Wadena Counties during 1979-81 to...

This report summarizes data on water levels in 124 observation wells and provides information on well locations, depths, altitudes, and aquifers that they tap. Tabulated data include extremes of water levels for 1981 and for the period of record; pumpage of most major groundwater users in the State; and quality data on selected wells. The city of Lansing was the largest reported user of...

Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lake Michigan basin are presented. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency at 30 gaging stations, flow duration at 13 gaging stations, and selected low-flow frequency characteristics at 22 low-flow partial-record stations and 123 miscellaneous sites. Equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at sites where one base-flow...

Tracing of rhodamine WT dye has provided time-of-travel data for waste-load allocation studies of a 42.8-mile reach of the Flint River at low flow. A discharge equaled or exceeded about 90 percent of the time was measured at Grand Traverse Street in Flint before dye injection. Dye was injected at two locations in Flint--at Utah Dam and at Grand Traverse Street, From Utah Dam to Grand...

No abstract available.

A preliminary quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model of the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan area was constructed and used to evaluate parameter sensitivity and adequacy of available data. Fourteen geologic units that underlie the study area were grouped into nine hydr,bgeologic units and were incorporated into a five-layer model. The layers in the...

Extremely carcinogenic diethylnitrosamine (DENA) was found to form in up to 75% yield from the reaction of nitrite with the two commonly used water tracing dyes. Rhodamine B and Rhodamine WT, DENA was detected at trace levels (0.13–7.02 μg −1) in river water samples after treatment with the dye and nitrite. Analysis of these chemically treated environmental water samples required...

The high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) procedure requires only minutes per sample, is specific, and is relatively sensitive (limit of detection 0.005 mg/L for both chemicals). A combined buffer (pH 4) and internal standard (3-chlorodiphenylamine) reagent is added to the water sample, which is injected through a Sep Pak C18 disposable cartridge. The cartridge adsorbs and...