Publications

In the late 1950's, intense demands for water and growing concerns about declines in the quality of water generated the need for more water-resources data. About thirty Federal agencies, hundreds of State, county and local agencies, and many private organizations had been collecting water data. However, because of differences in procedures and equipment, many of the data bases were...

Accurate delineation of recharge areas for wells is an important requisite to protecting ground-water quality. Zones of transport and zones of contribution are two types of recharge areas that can be delineated. Analytical-calculation, numerical-modeling, and hydrogeologic-mapping methods were used to delineate recharge areas for two high-capacity (greater than about 200 gallons per...

Taconite tailings, a waste product from processing of iron ore, have been deposited in a 2.5-square-mile containment basin near Keewatin, Minnesota, The basin, which is bounded by earthen dikes of compacted drift and clayey bouldery till, contains saturated tailings consisting of chert and other silica-rich particles that range from clay to coarse-sand size. Runoff from the tailings is...

The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for...

Water resources data for the 1990 water year for Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 146 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 1 river-gaging station and 13 lake-gaging stations; stage and...

Water levels, locations, depths, and aquifers tapped are given for 108 observation wells. Tabulated data include a listing of ground-water reports in Michigan, extremes of water levels for calendar year 1989 and for the period of record, pumpage of most major ground-water users in the State, and water-quality data from selected wells. In 1989, the two largest municipal users of ground...

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began to implement a full-scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and to provide a sound scientific understanding of the primary natural and human...

In 1991 , the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began to implement a full -scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NA WQA) program. The long-term goal of the NA WQA program are to desc ribe the tatus and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's urface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound , scientific understanding of the primary natural and human...

The Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, which consists of the dolomitic Prairie du Chien Group and the underlying Jordan Sandstone, extends over southeastern Minnesota (fig. 1). Water quality in the aquifer fluctuates areally and with depth throughout the aquifer. Differences in chemical constituent concentrations are a result of both natural hydrogeologic conditions and human activities.

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in southwestern Ohio, overlies a buried-valley aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey installed 35 observation wells at 13 sites on the base from fall 1988 through spring 1990. Fourteen of the wells were completed in bedrock; the remaining wells were completed in unconsolidated sediments. Split-spoon and bedrock cores were collected from all of the bedrock...

Unconfined and the upper confined aquifers in glacial drift are the primary sources of water in a 1,600 square-mile area including parts of Beltrami, Cass, Clearwater, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota. The unconfineddrift aquifer consists of coarse sand and gravel in the center of the study area. The total area underlain by the unconfined-drift aquifer is approximately 550 square miles...

A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model was developed to gain an improved understanding of the ground-water-flow system and its response to withdrawals near the Minneapolis Water Works in Fridley, Minnesota. Eight hydrogeologic units are represented in the ground-water-flow model. Aquifers represented are the unconfined-drift, confined-drift, St. Peter, and Prairie du Chien-Jordan...