David Wolock is a Supervisory Hydrologist with the USGS Water Resources Mission Area.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 126
Streamflow—Water year 2022
The maps and graphs describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2022 (October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 93-year period of water years 1930–2022. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2022 (8.97 inches) was a slighter smaller than the long-term (1930–2022) mean annual runoff of 9.39 inches for the conti
Authors
Xiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. Brady
Water balance characterization of the early 21st century drought in the western United States
Monthly temperature and precipitation data for 923 United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic units are used as inputs to a monthly water balance model to compute monthly actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage, and runoff across the western United States (U.S.) for the period 1900 through 2020. Time series of these water balance variables are examined to characterize and explain
Authors
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
A hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts
Drought is a recurring natural hazard that has substantial human and environmental impacts. Given continued global warming and associated climate change, there is concern that droughts could become more severe and longer lasting. To better monitor and understand drought development and persistence, it is helpful to understand the development and climatic drivers of past droughts. In this study we
Authors
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock, Melissa Lombard, Robert W. Dudley, John Christopher Hammond, Jory Seth Hecht, Glenn A. Hodgkins, Carolyn G. Olson, Roy Sando, Caelan E. Simeone, Michael E. Wieczorek
Evaluation of machine learning approaches for predicting streamflow metrics across the conterminous United States
Few regional or national scale studies have evaluated machine learning approaches for predicting streamflow metrics at ungaged locations. Most such studies are limited by the number of dimensions of the streamflow regime investigated. This study, in contrast, provides a comprehensive evaluation of the streamflow regime based on three widely available machine learning approaches (support vector reg
Authors
Ken Eng, David M. Wolock
Going beyond low flows: Streamflow drought deficit and duration illuminate distinct spatiotemporal drought patterns and trends in the U.S. during the last century
Streamflow drought is a recurring challenge, and understanding spatiotemporal patterns of past droughts is needed to manage future water resources. We examined regional patterns in streamflow drought metrics and compared these metrics to low flow timing and magnitude using long-term daily records for 555 minimally disturbed watersheds. For each streamgage, we calculated streamflow drought duration
Authors
John C. Hammond, Caelan E. Simeone, Jory Seth Hecht, Glenn A. Hodgkins, Melissa Lombard, Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock, Michael Wieczorek, Carolyn G Olson, Todd Caldwell, Robert W. Dudley, Adam N. Price
Streamflow—Water year 2021
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2021 (a water year is the period from October 1 to September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends; for example, water year 2021 was from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 92-year period of water years 1930–2021. Annual runoff in the Nation
Authors
Xiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. Brady
Extensive droughts in the conterminous United States during multiple centuries
Extensive and severe droughts have substantial effects on water supplies, agriculture, and aquatic ecosystems. To better understand these droughts, we used tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) for the period 1475–2017 to examine droughts that covered at least 33% of the conterminous United States (CONUS). We identified 37 spatially extensive drought events fo
Authors
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
Nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed—A century of change, 1950–2050
ForewordSustaining the quality of the Nation’s water resources and the health of our diverse ecosystems depends on the availability of sound water-resources data and information to develop effective, science-based policies. Effective management of water resources also brings more certainty and efficiency to important economic sectors. Taken together, these actions lead to immediate and long-term e
Authors
John W. Clune, Paul D. Capel, Matthew P. Miller, Douglas A. Burns, Andrew J. Sekellick, Peter R. Claggett, Richard H. Coupe, Rosemary M. Fanelli, Ana Maria Garcia, Jeff P. Raffensperger, Silvia Terziotti, Gopal Bhatt, Joel D. Blomquist, Kristina G. Hopkins, Jennifer L. Keisman, Lewis C. Linker, Gary W. Shenk, Richard A. Smith, Alex Soroka, James S. Webber, David M. Wolock, Qian Zhang
Streamflow—Water year 2020
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2020 (October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 91-year period of water years 1930–2020. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2020 (11.10 inches) was higher than the long-term (1930–2020) mean annual runoff of 9.40 inches for the
Authors
Xiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. Brady
Water balance of the turn-of-the-century drought in the Southwestern United States
Analysis of the water balance of the southwestern United States (SWUS) during 1900 through 2018 was used to evaluate the magnitude of the turn-of-the-century (TOC) drought in the SWUS. Results indicate that the warm season (April through September) soil moisture and runoff during the TOC drought were among the lowest values of the 1900 through 2018 period. Additionally, increases in temperature we
Authors
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
Streamflow—Water year 2019
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2019 (October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 90-year period of water years 1930–2019. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2019 (13.62 inches) was much higher than the long-term (1930–2019) mean annual runoff of 9.37 inches for
Authors
Xiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Steven J. Brady
Multi-year hydroclimatic droughts and pluvials across the conterminous United States
Time series of water‐year runoff for 2,109 hydrologic units (HUs) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900 through 2014 period were used to identify drought and pluvial (i.e., wet) periods. Characteristics of the drought and pluvial events including frequency, duration, and severity were examined and compared. Additionally, a similar analysis was performed using gridded tree‐ring
Authors
Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock
A digital crust to advance continental‐scale modeling of subsurface fluid flow in climate, crustal process, and Earth system models
Fluid circulation in the Earth’s crust plays an essential role in surface, near surface, and crustal dynamics. Near the surface, soil water and groundwater interact with each other and with rivers, lakes and wetlands, affecting weathering, soil formation, ecosystem evolution and biogeochemical cycles. Further down (1km), fluid flow affects diagenesis, hydrocarbon maturation and migration, ore depo...
U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-2020, 1951-2020 and 1981-2020
This dataset contains annual flow metrics quantifying drought and low streamflows for USGS GAGES-2 gages in the contiguous U.S. satisfying data completeness checks for the periods 1921-2020, 1951-2020, and 1981-2020. The dataset also contains annual climate variables from the USGS Monthly Water Balance Model (MWBM). The dataset provides trend analysis outputs for annual drought and low flow metric
USGS monthly water balance model inputs and outputs for the conterminous United States, 1895-2020, based on ClimGrid data
This NetCDF represents the monthly inputs and outputs from a United States Geological Survey water-balance model (McCabe and Wolock, 2011) for the conterminous United States for the period 1895-01-01 to 2020-12-31. The source data used to run the water balance model is based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's(NOAA, 2020) ClimGrid data for precipitation and temperature. This N
Clusters of monthly streamflow values with similar temporal patterns at 555 HCDN sites for the period 1981 to 2019
This data release identifies 555 Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) streamgages in the conterminous United States during the period 1981-2019 which were grouped according to similarity in their temporal patterns of monthly streamflow.
Low-streamflow and precipitation trends for 183 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
This data release contains low-streamflow trend results from 183 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages and precipitation trend results from gaged watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Data include streamgage identification number, trend slopes and significance for several low-streamflow and precipitation metrics.
Dam impact/disturbance metrics for the conterminous United States, 1800 to 2018
This metadata record describes two metrics that quantitatively measure the impact of reservoir storage on every flowline in the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusV2) for the conterminous United States. These metrics are computed for every 10 years from 1800 - 2015. The first metric (DamIndex_EROM.zip) estimates reservoir storage intensity in units of days based on reservoir storage in a contrib
Trends in selected streamflow metrics at reference streamgages in the conterminous United States, 1980-2014
This dataset includes four tables related to annual trends in streamflow metrics at 599 reference streamgages in the conterminous United States for the period 1955-2014. Reference streamgages are defined here as gages with drainage basins that are minimally impacted by anthropogenic effects such as reservoirs or urbanization. The four tables are: 1) computed annual values for 16 streamflow metrics
Water Balance Model Inputs and Outputs for the Conterminous United States, 1900-2015
This metadata record describes monthly input and output data covering the period 1900-2015 for a water-balance model described in McCabe and Wolock (2011). The input datasets are precipitation (PPT) and air temperature (TAV) from the PRISM group at Oregon State University. The model outputs include estimated potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), runoff (RUN) (streamf
Science and Products
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Filter Total Items: 126
Streamflow—Water year 2022
The maps and graphs describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2022 (October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 93-year period of water years 1930–2022. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2022 (8.97 inches) was a slighter smaller than the long-term (1930–2022) mean annual runoff of 9.39 inches for the contiAuthorsXiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. BradyWater balance characterization of the early 21st century drought in the western United States
Monthly temperature and precipitation data for 923 United States Geological Survey 8-digit hydrologic units are used as inputs to a monthly water balance model to compute monthly actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage, and runoff across the western United States (U.S.) for the period 1900 through 2020. Time series of these water balance variables are examined to characterize and explainAuthorsGregory J. McCabe, David M. WolockA hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts
Drought is a recurring natural hazard that has substantial human and environmental impacts. Given continued global warming and associated climate change, there is concern that droughts could become more severe and longer lasting. To better monitor and understand drought development and persistence, it is helpful to understand the development and climatic drivers of past droughts. In this study weAuthorsGregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock, Melissa Lombard, Robert W. Dudley, John Christopher Hammond, Jory Seth Hecht, Glenn A. Hodgkins, Carolyn G. Olson, Roy Sando, Caelan E. Simeone, Michael E. WieczorekEvaluation of machine learning approaches for predicting streamflow metrics across the conterminous United States
Few regional or national scale studies have evaluated machine learning approaches for predicting streamflow metrics at ungaged locations. Most such studies are limited by the number of dimensions of the streamflow regime investigated. This study, in contrast, provides a comprehensive evaluation of the streamflow regime based on three widely available machine learning approaches (support vector regAuthorsKen Eng, David M. WolockGoing beyond low flows: Streamflow drought deficit and duration illuminate distinct spatiotemporal drought patterns and trends in the U.S. during the last century
Streamflow drought is a recurring challenge, and understanding spatiotemporal patterns of past droughts is needed to manage future water resources. We examined regional patterns in streamflow drought metrics and compared these metrics to low flow timing and magnitude using long-term daily records for 555 minimally disturbed watersheds. For each streamgage, we calculated streamflow drought durationAuthorsJohn C. Hammond, Caelan E. Simeone, Jory Seth Hecht, Glenn A. Hodgkins, Melissa Lombard, Gregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock, Michael Wieczorek, Carolyn G Olson, Todd Caldwell, Robert W. Dudley, Adam N. PriceStreamflow—Water year 2021
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2021 (a water year is the period from October 1 to September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends; for example, water year 2021 was from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 92-year period of water years 1930–2021. Annual runoff in the NationAuthorsXiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. BradyExtensive droughts in the conterminous United States during multiple centuries
Extensive and severe droughts have substantial effects on water supplies, agriculture, and aquatic ecosystems. To better understand these droughts, we used tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) for the period 1475–2017 to examine droughts that covered at least 33% of the conterminous United States (CONUS). We identified 37 spatially extensive drought events foAuthorsGregory J. McCabe, David M. WolockNitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed—A century of change, 1950–2050
ForewordSustaining the quality of the Nation’s water resources and the health of our diverse ecosystems depends on the availability of sound water-resources data and information to develop effective, science-based policies. Effective management of water resources also brings more certainty and efficiency to important economic sectors. Taken together, these actions lead to immediate and long-term eAuthorsJohn W. Clune, Paul D. Capel, Matthew P. Miller, Douglas A. Burns, Andrew J. Sekellick, Peter R. Claggett, Richard H. Coupe, Rosemary M. Fanelli, Ana Maria Garcia, Jeff P. Raffensperger, Silvia Terziotti, Gopal Bhatt, Joel D. Blomquist, Kristina G. Hopkins, Jennifer L. Keisman, Lewis C. Linker, Gary W. Shenk, Richard A. Smith, Alex Soroka, James S. Webber, David M. Wolock, Qian ZhangStreamflow—Water year 2020
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2020 (October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 91-year period of water years 1930–2020. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2020 (11.10 inches) was higher than the long-term (1930–2020) mean annual runoff of 9.40 inches for theAuthorsXiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Ronald J. Henderson, Steven J. BradyWater balance of the turn-of-the-century drought in the Southwestern United States
Analysis of the water balance of the southwestern United States (SWUS) during 1900 through 2018 was used to evaluate the magnitude of the turn-of-the-century (TOC) drought in the SWUS. Results indicate that the warm season (April through September) soil moisture and runoff during the TOC drought were among the lowest values of the 1900 through 2018 period. Additionally, increases in temperature weAuthorsGregory J. McCabe, David M. WolockStreamflow—Water year 2019
The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2019 (October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 90-year period of water years 1930–2019. Annual runoff in the Nation’s rivers and streams during water year 2019 (13.62 inches) was much higher than the long-term (1930–2019) mean annual runoff of 9.37 inches forAuthorsXiaodong Jian, David M. Wolock, Harry F. Lins, Steven J. BradyMulti-year hydroclimatic droughts and pluvials across the conterminous United States
Time series of water‐year runoff for 2,109 hydrologic units (HUs) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900 through 2014 period were used to identify drought and pluvial (i.e., wet) periods. Characteristics of the drought and pluvial events including frequency, duration, and severity were examined and compared. Additionally, a similar analysis was performed using gridded tree‐ringAuthorsGregory J. McCabe, David M. Wolock - Science
A digital crust to advance continental‐scale modeling of subsurface fluid flow in climate, crustal process, and Earth system models
Fluid circulation in the Earth’s crust plays an essential role in surface, near surface, and crustal dynamics. Near the surface, soil water and groundwater interact with each other and with rivers, lakes and wetlands, affecting weathering, soil formation, ecosystem evolution and biogeochemical cycles. Further down (1km), fluid flow affects diagenesis, hydrocarbon maturation and migration, ore depo... - Data
U.S. Streamflow Drought During the Last Century: annual drought and low flow metrics, annual climate, and trends for the periods 1921-2020, 1951-2020 and 1981-2020
This dataset contains annual flow metrics quantifying drought and low streamflows for USGS GAGES-2 gages in the contiguous U.S. satisfying data completeness checks for the periods 1921-2020, 1951-2020, and 1981-2020. The dataset also contains annual climate variables from the USGS Monthly Water Balance Model (MWBM). The dataset provides trend analysis outputs for annual drought and low flow metricUSGS monthly water balance model inputs and outputs for the conterminous United States, 1895-2020, based on ClimGrid data
This NetCDF represents the monthly inputs and outputs from a United States Geological Survey water-balance model (McCabe and Wolock, 2011) for the conterminous United States for the period 1895-01-01 to 2020-12-31. The source data used to run the water balance model is based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's(NOAA, 2020) ClimGrid data for precipitation and temperature. This NClusters of monthly streamflow values with similar temporal patterns at 555 HCDN sites for the period 1981 to 2019
This data release identifies 555 Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) streamgages in the conterminous United States during the period 1981-2019 which were grouped according to similarity in their temporal patterns of monthly streamflow.Low-streamflow and precipitation trends for 183 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
This data release contains low-streamflow trend results from 183 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages and precipitation trend results from gaged watersheds within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Data include streamgage identification number, trend slopes and significance for several low-streamflow and precipitation metrics.Dam impact/disturbance metrics for the conterminous United States, 1800 to 2018
This metadata record describes two metrics that quantitatively measure the impact of reservoir storage on every flowline in the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusV2) for the conterminous United States. These metrics are computed for every 10 years from 1800 - 2015. The first metric (DamIndex_EROM.zip) estimates reservoir storage intensity in units of days based on reservoir storage in a contribTrends in selected streamflow metrics at reference streamgages in the conterminous United States, 1980-2014
This dataset includes four tables related to annual trends in streamflow metrics at 599 reference streamgages in the conterminous United States for the period 1955-2014. Reference streamgages are defined here as gages with drainage basins that are minimally impacted by anthropogenic effects such as reservoirs or urbanization. The four tables are: 1) computed annual values for 16 streamflow metricsWater Balance Model Inputs and Outputs for the Conterminous United States, 1900-2015
This metadata record describes monthly input and output data covering the period 1900-2015 for a water-balance model described in McCabe and Wolock (2011). The input datasets are precipitation (PPT) and air temperature (TAV) from the PRISM group at Oregon State University. The model outputs include estimated potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), runoff (RUN) (streamf - News