Images

Grinnell Glacier from trail 1910.

Swiftcurrent Glacier 1910 (port)

One of the most well-known photographs by George R. Lawrence, taken May 28, 1906, about 6 weeks after the Great San Francisco earthquake which occurred on April 18. The 160-degree panorama was taken from a camera suspended from a kite 2,000 feet in the air. The view looks up Market Street with the waterfront and Union Ferry Building in the foreground.

Researchers map the bottom of Castle Lake, near Mount St. Helens. For three days, researchers ran a small boat over the lake surface equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The ADCP bounces an acoustic wave off the bottom that is reflected back to a mobile receiver in the boat.

Mount Adams elevation is 3,745 m (12, 286 ft). Mount St. Helens was the smallest of five major volcanic peaks in Washington State.

Boulder Creek leading from Mount Baker, Washington is a hydrology monitoring site where water is collected and measured for chemicals that may signal volcanic unrest.

Top panel shows a continuous GPS station located in Yellowstone National Park. The antenna is secured to the ground by several metal poles, and a nearby set of solar panels provides power to the station. Lower panel shows a semipermanent GPS station, with a small solar array for power and an antenna located close to the ground.

Some of the large ballistic blocks from the Kīlauea eruption of 1924 later became visitor attractions. Many of these blocks remain in place today as evidence of the forces unleashed at Kīlauea during the eruption of 1924.

Coconut grove and campground on the southern shoreline of Kīlauea Volcano at Halapē before 1975 magnitude 7.7 earthquake. Halapē was a popular hiking destination in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park.

Deformation monitoring equipment—GPS antenna maintenance on south side of Crater Lake National Park Boathouse on Wizard Island. Oregon

Dome building episode from 2004-2008 at Mount St. Helens can be observed and measured with these two digital elevation models (DEMs) developed before and after the eruptive episode.

Non-volcanic peaks of the North Cascades lie in the background. Dusty Creek drainage experiences regular lahars. Gamma Ridge Formation are hydrothermally altered rocks on left ridge. Loose pyroclastic fill deposits cap right ridge; Eastern view, Glacier Peak, Washington.

Erratics located on a cinder cone on the northeast flank of Newberry Volcano, Oregon.

Exposed rock ridges are thick Pleistocene lava flows that were confined between large glaciers. Glacier Peak, Washington, view north.

The orange layer just below geologist's hiking pole is the Mazama ash (about 7700 ybp). Below that are glacial deposits. Above the Mazama is about a meter consisting mostly of fine-grained tephras from Glacier Peak, capped by soil and plants. That the tephras sit directly on top of the Mazama indicates that "Dusty" eruptions commenced about 7,000 years ago.

Geothermal ice cave at Mount Baker's summit formed by melting of a glacier due to increased heat from subsurface magma and fumarole on the surface expelling hot gasses.

Glacier Peak volcano, Washington reflected in pond below the Whitechuck Glacier, view from the south in late summer.

Guardian Geyser and Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park.

Map of horizontal displacement vectors for Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in and around Mount St. Helens. Blue arrows show the direction and magnitude of horizontal movement, as measured at the GPS station from 2008-2014. The total horizontal displacement is indicated in millimeters (mm) and inches (in).

Impressive columns like these form along the margins of ice-confined lava flows but usually are eroded off the sides due to continued glacial movement after an eruption ceases. Columns are better preserved at the ends of the flows (this photo) where they are protected somewhat from the ice.

Lahar deposit cross section in the Trout Lake lowland, which originated from Mount Adams. Thickness of deposit is about 2.5 m (8 ft).